scholarly journals Remote-monitoring of the physiological-ecological status of crops. IV. Quantitative relationship between photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate per vapor pressure deficit for corn and soybean under field conditions.

1987 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio INOUE
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Field Conditions

scholarly journals Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) Effects on the Physiology and Yield of Greenhouse Tomato

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 846E-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Driss Iraqi ◽  
Serge Gagnon ◽  
Sylvain Dubé ◽  
André Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
High Yields

Tomato production represents >70% of all greenhouse vegetables produced in Quebec, Canada. To obtain high yields and high quality fruit, an adequate control of greenhouse environmental characteristics, including the vapor pressure deficit (VPD), is necessary. Our study examines four VPD treatments (0.5 kPa day and night, 0.8 kPa day and night, 0.8 kPa day 0.5 kPa night, and automatic VPD management according to transpiration) and three photoperiods [12 h, 14 h, and variable-12 h (summer) 16 h (winter)] on growth, yield, and photosynthetic capacity of tomato plants. Greenhouse temperature was maintained at 22C day/18C night. Pure CO2 was injected into the greenhouse to maintain a constant atmospheric concentration of 800 ppm throughout the experiment. Growth, yield, and leaf mineral composition were determined monthly for each treatment during the experiment. The photosynthetic rate of the 5th and 10th leaves also were measured in addition to the content of chlorophyll a and b. Our results indicated an increase in total yield and photosynthetic rate under a VPD of 0.8 kPa during day and night. An increase in leaf mineral concentration also was noted in plants grown under high VPD. Differences in yield and photosynthetic capacity were not found between the three photoperiods studied. However, there was a tendency to have higher yields under longer photoperiods.

scholarly journals Role of Species and Planting Configuration on Transpiration and Microclimate for Urban Trees

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Quanhuan Lei ◽  
Yajie Shi ◽  
Mengdi Wang ◽  
Sibo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Urban Microclimate

Research Highlights: To demonstrate the effectiveness of configuration modes and tree types in regulating local microclimate. Background and Objectives: Urban trees play an essential role in reducing the city’s heat load. However, the influence of urban trees with different configurations on the urban thermal environment has not received enough attention. Herein we show how spatial arrangement and foliage longevity, deciduous versus evergreen, affect transpiration and the urban microclimate. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the differences between physiological parameters (transpiration rate, stomatal conductance) and meteorological parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit) of 10 different species of urban trees (five evergreen and five deciduous tree species), each of which had been planted in three configuration modes in a park and the campus green space in Xi’an. By manipulating physiological parameters, crown morphology, and plant configurations, we explored how local urban microclimate could be altered. Results: (1) Microclimate regulation capacity: group planting (GP) > linear planting (LP) > individual planting (IP). (2) Deciduous trees (DT) regulated microclimate better than evergreen trees (ET). Significant differences between all planting configurations during 8 to 16 h were noted for evergreen trees whereas for deciduous trees, all measurement times were significantly different. (3) Transpiration characteristics: GP > LP > IP. The transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of GP were the highest. Total daily transpiration was ranked as group planting of deciduous (DGP) > linear planting of deciduous (DLP) > group planting of evergreen (EGP) > linear planting of evergreen (ELP) > isolated planting of deciduous (DIP) > isolated planting of evergreen (EIP). (4) The microclimate effects of different tree species and configuration modes were positively correlated with E, Gs, and three dimensional green quantity (3DGQ), but weakly correlated with vapor pressure deficit (VpdL). (5) A microclimate regulation capability model of urban trees was developed. E, Gs, and 3DGQ could explain 93% variation of cooling effect, while E, Gs, VpdL, and 3DGQ could explain 85% variation of humidifying effect. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the urban heat island could be mitigated by selecting deciduous broadleaf tree species and planting them in groups.

scholarly journals Diversity in Drought Traits among Commercial Southeastern US Peanut Cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mura Jyostna Devi ◽  
Thomas R. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Daily Transpiration

Commercial peanut cultivars in the USA are often grown under soil and environmental conditions resulting in intermittent periods of water deficit. Two plant traits have been identified that result in conservative use of water and allow sustained growth during drought: (1) restricted transpiration rate under high atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and (2) earlier closure of stomata in the soil-drying cycle resulting in decreased daily transpiration rate. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there was diversity in these two putative traits for drought resistance among nine US commercial peanut cultivars. When the response to VPD was measured at an average temperature of C, eight of the nine cultivars expressed a restricted transpiration rate at high VPD. However, at C none of the cultivars exhibited a restriction of transpiration rate at high VPD. No differences were found among the nine cultivars in their response to soil drying.

scholarly journals Seasonal Photosynthesis and Carbon Assimilation of Dynamics in a Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino Plantation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Chung-I Chen ◽  
Ya-Nan Wang ◽  
Heng-Hsun Lin ◽  
Ching-Wen Wang ◽  
Jui-Chu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Area Index ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Zelkova Serrata

As anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions intensify global climate change, plantations have become an important tool to mitigate atmospheric CO2. Our aim in this study was to estimate carbon assimilation and clarify the impact of environmental factors on the photosynthesis of Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino, an important plantation species that is extensively planted in low altitude regions of East Asia. We measured monthly gas exchange parameters and leaf area index to estimate carbon assimilation. The results showed that gas exchange was significantly affected by vapor pressure deficit and temperature, especially in the dry season, and both photosynthetic rate and carbon assimilation decreased. Lower daytime assimilation and higher nighttime respiration during the dry season, which caused a 43% decrease in carbon assimilation in Z. serrata plantations. Z. serrata exhibited lower photosynthetic rate and lower carbon assimilation following planting in a tropical monsoon climate area. Therefore, the effects of extreme weather such as high temperature and vapor pressure deficit on Z. serrata forest carbon budget could be stronger in the future. Leaf area showed seasonal variation, and severe defoliation was caused by a typhoon in the summer. The annual carbon assimilation was estimated at 3.50 Mg C ha−1 year−1 in the study area.

Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Gas Exchange of Micropropagated Guava Plantlets (Psidium guajava L.) during Acclimatization and Plant Establishment

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 501c-501
Author(s):  
Andrés A. Estrada-Luna ◽  
Jonathan N. Egilla ◽  
Fred T. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Glomus Etunicatum ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Use Efficiency

The effect of mycorrhizal fungi on gas exchange of micropropagated guava plantlets (Psidium guajava L.) during acclimatization and plant establishment was determined. Guava plantlets (Psidium guajava L. cv. `Media China') were asexually propagated through tissue culture and acclimatized in a glasshouse for eighteen weeks. Half of the plantlets were inoculated with ZAC-19, which is a mixed isolate containing Glomus etunicatum and an unknown Glomus spp. Plantlets were fertilized with modified Long Ashton nutrient solution containing 11 (g P/ml. Gas exchange measurements included photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Measurements were taken at 2, 4, 8 and 18 weeks after inoculation using a LI-6200 portable photosynthesis system (LI-COR Inc. Lincoln, Neb., USA). Two weeks after inoculation, noninoculated plantlets had greater A compared to mycorrhizal plantlets. However, 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation, mycorrhizal plantlets had greater A, gs, Ci and WUE. At the end of the experiment gas exchange was comparable between noninoculated and mycorrhizal plantlets.

scholarly journals Is There Daily Growth Hysteresis versus Vapor Pressure Deficit in Cherry Fruit?

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Matteo Zucchini ◽  
Arash Khosravi ◽  
Veronica Giorgi ◽  
Adriano Mancini ◽  
Davide Neri
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Hysteresis Curve ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Rainy Days ◽  
Clockwise Hysteresis

The growth of cherry fruit is generally described using a double sigmoid model, divided into four growth stages. Abiotic factors are considered to be significant components in modifying fruit growth, and among these, the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is deemed the most effective. In this study, we investigated sweet cherry fruit growth through the continuous, hourly monitoring of fruit transversal diameter over two consecutive years (2019 and 2020), from the beginning of the third stage to maturation (forth stage). Extensometers were used in the field and VPD was calculated from weather data. The fruit growth pattern up to the end of the third stage demonstrated three critical steps during non-rainy days: shrinkage, stabilization and expansion. In the third stage of fruit growth, a partial clockwise hysteresis curve of circadian growth, as a response to VPD, appeared on random days. The pattern of fruit growth during rainy days was not distinctive, but the amount and duration of rain caused a consequent decrease in the VPD and indirectly boosted fruit growth. At the beginning of the fourth stage, the circadian growth changed and the daily transversal diameter vs VPD formed fully clockwise hysteresis curves for most of this stage. Our findings indicate that hysteresis can be employed to evaluate the initial phenological phase of fruit maturation, as a fully clockwise hysteresis curve was observable only in the fourth stage of fruit growth. There are additional opportunities for its use in the management of fruit production, such as in precision fruit farming.

scholarly journals COR/LEA Proteins as Indicators of Frost Tolerance in Triticeae: A Comparison of Controlled versus Field Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Klára Kosová ◽  
Miroslav Klíma ◽  
Ilja Tom Prášil ◽  
Pavel Vítámvás
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Lea Proteins ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Vernalisation Requirement

Low temperatures in the autumn induce enhanced expression/relative accumulation of several cold-inducible transcripts/proteins with protective functions from Late-embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) superfamily including dehydrins. Several studies dealing with plants grown under controlled conditions revealed a correlation (significant quantitative relationship) between dehydrin transcript/protein relative accumulation and plant frost tolerance. However, to apply these results in breeding, field experiments are necessary. The aim of the review is to provide a summary of the studies dealing with the relationships between plant acquired frost tolerance and COR/LEA transcripts/proteins relative accumulation in cereals grown in controlled and field conditions. The impacts of cold acclimation and vernalisation processes on the ability of winter-type Triticeae to accumulate COR/LEA proteins are discussed. The factors determining dehydrin relative accumulation under controlled cold acclimation treatments versus field trials during winter seasons are discussed. In conclusion, it can be stated that dehydrins could be used as suitable indicators of winter survival in field-grown winter cereals but only in plant prior to the fulfilment of vernalisation requirement.

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