Present situation and views of the processing techniques of rush.Fancy matting.

1992 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 296-301
Author(s):  
YASUNORI MURAKAMI
Keyword(s):  
Present Situation ◽  
Processing Techniques

An Overview of Digital Image Processing and Recognition (Invited Paper)

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 700-702
Author(s):  
R. C. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
New York ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Submarine Cable ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Digitized Pictures ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
And Storage

Interest in digital image processing techniques dates back to the early 1920's, when digitized pictures of world news events were first transmitted by submarine cable between New York and London. Applications of digital image processing concepts, however, did not become widespread until the middle 1960's, when third-generation digital computers began to offer the speed and storage capabilities required for practical implementation of image processing algorithms. Since then, this area has experienced vigorous growth, having been a subject of interdisciplinary research in fields ranging from engineering and computer science to biology, chemistry, and medicine.

Digital phase analysis in interference electron microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 842-843
Author(s):  
S. Hasegawa ◽  
T. Kawasaki ◽  
J. Endo ◽  
M. Futamoto ◽  
A. Tonomura
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Magnetic Recording Media ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Vector Potentials ◽  
Weak Magnetic Fields ◽  
Leakage Magnetic Field ◽  
Optical Reconstruction ◽  
Processing Techniques

Interference electron microscopy enables us to record the phase distribution of an electron wave on a hologram. The distribution is visualized as a fringe pattern in a micrograph by optical reconstruction. The phase is affected by electromagnetic potentials; scalar and vector potentials. Therefore, the electric and magnetic field can be reduced from the recorded phase. This study analyzes a leakage magnetic field from CoCr perpendicular magnetic recording media. Since one contour fringe interval corresponds to a magnetic flux of Φo(=h/e=4x10-15Wb), we can quantitatively measure the field by counting the number of finges. Moreover, by using phase-difference amplification techniques, the sensitivity for magnetic field detection can be improved by a factor of 30, which allows the drawing of a Φo/30 fringe. This sensitivity, however, is insufficient for quantitative analysis of very weak magnetic fields such as high-density magnetic recordings. For this reason we have adopted “fringe scanning interferometry” using digital image processing techniques at the optical reconstruction stage. This method enables us to obtain subfringe information recorded in the interference pattern.

Specific Labeling of Protein Domains with Antibody Fragments

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
L.E. Buhle ◽  
W.E. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Antibody Fragments ◽  
Supramolecular Organization ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Virus Capsids ◽  
Processing Techniques

Many important supramolecular structures such as filaments, microtubules, virus capsids and certain membrane proteins and bacterial cell walls exist as ordered polymers or two-dimensional crystalline arrays in vivo. In several instances it has been possible to induce soluble proteins to form ordered polymers or two-dimensional crystalline arrays in vitro. In both cases a combination of electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens with analog or digital image processing techniques has proven extremely useful for elucidating the molecular and supramolecular organization of the constituent proteins. However from the reconstructed stain exclusion patterns it is often difficult to identify distinct stain excluding regions with specific protein subunits. To this end it has been demonstrated that in some cases this ambiguity can be resolved by a combination of stoichiometric labeling of the ordered structures with subunit-specific antibody fragments (e.g. Fab) and image processing of the electron micrographs recorded from labeled and unlabeled structures.

A new type of defect structure in 124-superconducting oxide revealed by HREM

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
R. Sharma ◽  
B.L. Ramakrishna ◽  
N.N. Thadhani ◽  
D. Hianes ◽  
Z. Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Defect Structures ◽  
New Materials ◽  
New Type ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Microstructural Studies

After materials with superconducting temperatures higher than liquid nitrogen have been prepared, more emphasis has been on increasing the current densities (Jc) of high Tc superconductors than finding new materials with higher transition temperatures. Different processing techniques i.e thin films, shock wave processing, neutron radiation etc. have been applied in order to increase Jc. Microstructural studies of compounds thus prepared have shown either a decrease in gram boundaries that act as weak-links or increase in defect structure that act as flux-pinning centers. We have studied shock wave synthesized Tl-Ba-Cu-O and shock wave processed Y-123 superconductors with somewhat different properties compared to those prepared by solid-state reaction. Here we report the defect structures observed in the shock-processed Y-124 superconductors.

Crystallization of MgO • Al2 • SiO2 • ZrO2 glasses

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
M. A. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
Transformation Toughening ◽  
Ceramic Powder Processing ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Ceramic Matrices

Transformation toughening by ZrO2 inclusions in various ceramic matrices has led to improved mechanical properties in these materials. Although the processing of these materials usually involves standard ceramic powder processing techniques, an alternate method of producing ZrO2 particles involves the devtrification of a ZrO2-containing glass. In this study the effects of glass composition (ZrO2 concentration) and heat treatment on the morphology of the crystallization products in a MgO•Al2•SiO2•ZrO2 glass was investigated.

High-resolution electron microscopy of the atomic structure of some grain boundaries in Au

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
W. Krakow ◽  
D. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Structure ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Tilt Boundaries ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Atom Position ◽  
Structure Configuration

The successful determination of the atomic structure of [110] tilt boundaries in Au stems from the investigation of microscope performance at intermediate accelerating voltages (200 and 400kV) as well as a detailed understanding of how grain boundary image features depend on dynamical diffraction processes variation with specimen and beam orientations. This success is also facilitated by improving image quality by digital image processing techniques to the point where a structure image is obtained and each atom position is represented by a resolved image feature. Figure 1 shows an example of a low angle (∼10°) Σ = 129/[110] tilt boundary in a ∼250Å Au film, taken under tilted beam brightfield imaging conditions, to illustrate the steps necessary to obtain the atomic structure configuration from the image. The original image of Fig. 1a shows the regular arrangement of strain-field images associated with the cores of ½ [10] primary dislocations which are separated by ∼15Å.

Raman And Fluorescence Spectra Observed in Laser Microprobe Measurements of Several Compositions in the Ln-Ba-Cu-O System

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
Edgar S. Etz ◽  
Thomas D. Schroeder ◽  
Winnie Wong-Ng
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Powders ◽  
Conventional Solid State Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Raman Microprobe ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Compositional Homogeneity ◽  
Processing Techniques

We are investigating by Raman microprobe measurements the superconducting and related phases in the LnBa2Cu3O7-x (for x=0 to 1) system where yttrium has been replaced by several of the lanthanide (Ln = Nd,Sm,Eu,Ho,Er) elements. The aim is to relate the observed optical spectra (Raman and fluorescence) to the compositional and structural properties of these solids as part of comprehensive materials characterization. The results are correlated with the methods of synthesis, the processing techniques of these materials, and their superconducting properties. Of relevance is the substitutional chemistry of these isostructural systems, the differences in the spectra, and their microanalytical usefulness for the detection of impurity phases, and the assessment of compositional homogeneity. The Raman spectra of most of these compounds are well understood from accounts in the literature.The materials examined here are mostly ceramic powders prepared by conventional solid state reaction techniques. The bulk samples are of nominally single-phase composition as determined by x-ray diffraction.

Low-temperature Mo-catalyzed growth of crystalline Si3N4 by CVD

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
K.L. More ◽  
R.A. Lowden ◽  
T.M. Besmann
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Crystalline Material ◽  
Structural Ceramic ◽  
Alternative Processing ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Hot Pressing Sintering ◽  
Processing Techniques

Silicon nitride possesses an attractive combination of thermo-mechanical properties which makes it a strong candidate material for many structural ceramic applications. Unfortunately, many of the conventional processing techniques used to produce Si3N4, such as hot-pressing, sintering, and hot-isostatic pressing, utilize significant amounts of densification aids (Y2O3, Al2O3, MgO, etc.) which ultimately lowers the utilization temperature to well below that of pure Si3N4 and also decreases the oxidation resistance. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an alternative processing method for producing pure Si3N4. However, deposits made at temperatures less than ~1200°C are usually amorphous and at slightly higher temperatures, the deposition of crystalline material requires extremely low deposition rates (~5 μm/h). Niihara and Hirai deposited crystalline α-Si3N4 at 1400°C at a deposition rate of ~730 μm/h. Hirai and Hayashi successfully lowered the CVD temperature for the growth of crystalline Si3N4 by adding TiCl4 vapor to the SiCl4, NH3, and H2 reactants. This resulted in the growth of α-Si3N4 with small amounts of TiN at temperatures as low as 1250°C.

Three-Dimensional Structure of Rotavirus-Fab Complex

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
B.V.V. Prasad ◽  
E. Marietta ◽  
J.W. Burns ◽  
M.K. Estes ◽  
W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Outer Shell ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Cell Penetration ◽  
Electron Cryomicroscopy ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Processing Techniques

Rotaviruses are spherical, double-shelled particles. They have been identified as a major cause of infantile gastroenteritis worldwide. In our earlier studies we determined the three-dimensional structures of double-and single-shelled simian rotavirus embedded in vitreous ice using electron cryomicroscopy and image processing techniques to a resolution of 40Å. A distinctive feature of the rotavirus structure is the presence of 132 large channels spanning across both the shells at all 5- and 6-coordinated positions of a T=13ℓ icosahedral lattice. The outer shell has 60 spikes emanating from its relatively smooth surface. The inner shell, in contrast, exhibits a bristly surface made of 260 morphological units at all local and strict 3-fold axes (Fig.l).The outer shell of rotavirus is made up of two proteins, VP4 and VP7. VP7, a glycoprotein and a neutralization antigen, is the major component. VP4 has been implicated in several important functions such as cell penetration, hemagglutination, neutralization and virulence. From our earlier studies we had proposed that the spikes correspond to VP4 and the rest of the surface is composed of VP7. Our recent structural studies, using the same techniques, with monoclonal antibodies specific to VP4 have established that surface spikes are made up of VP4.

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