CHANGES IN THYROID ACTIVITY AT LOW ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURES AND AT HIGH ALTITUDES, AS TESTED WITH 131I

1952 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. VERZÁR ◽  
E. SAILER ◽  
V. VIDOVIC
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Velocity ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Low Atmospheric Pressure

The activity of the thyroid gland of rats was observed by measuring the uptake of 131I in the living animal over a period of several days. The method is described in detail, and the importance of iodine contained in the diet or applied to the skin, in affecting the results, is stressed. Reduction of the atmospheric pressure to 250 and 380 mm Hg decreases the uptake of 131I. The lower the pressure, the less iodine is concentrated in the thyroid. Under natural conditions a small decrease of thyroid activity at an altitude of 3450 m (490 mm Hg) can be noticed, but not at 2010 m altitude (592 mm Hg). The depression of the thyroid is temporary; after some days 131I is taken up again with normal velocity. At low atmospheric pressure (below 480 mm Hg) the body temperature decreases, but this, too, is restored to normal in 3–4 days. The adaptation of thyroid activity to low atmospheric (oxygen) pressure may play an important part during acclimatization to high altitudes. The mechanism underlying the alteration in thyroid function and, in particular, the relation between the thyroid and adrenocortical activity is discussed. It is suggested that the increased adrenocortical activity and the decrease of thyroid activity observed at low oxygen or atmospheric pressure may be inter-connected.

METABOLIC CHANGES RESULTING FROM 90YT IRRADIATION OF THE PITUITARY IN A PATIENT WITH CUSHING'S SYNDROME

1959 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. BROOKS ◽  
R. R. McSWINEY ◽  
D. MATTINGLY ◽  
F. T. G. PRUNTY
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Adrenocortical Hyperplasia ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
Low Levels

SUMMARY A detailed metabolic study has been made of a 48-year-old woman with Cushing's syndrome associated with presumed adrenocortical hyperplasia. The patient was shown to be secreting excessive amounts of cortisol. The urine contained low levels of aldosterone, but there was a hypokalaemic alkalosis. Plasma corticosterone was not raised. Destruction of the pituitary by insertion of 90Yt seeds produced clinical improvement and amelioration of hypertension. The adrenocortical activity promptly subsided to below normal levels. Negative nitrogen and calcium balances became positive, urine calcium fell and hyperglycaemia disappeared. The condition of hypokalaemic alkalosis was restored to normal and aldosterone excretion increased. The decline in thyroid activity was slower than that of adrenocortical activity. Calculation of the distribution of muscular and fatty tissue in the body showed that treatment produced an improvement. The significance of some of these changes is discussed.

Chronic Hypoxia as a Potential Factor in Human Life-threatening Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3759-3762
Author(s):  
Sandhya MNVS ◽  
Vanitha K ◽  
Ramesh A
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Otto Warburg ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Cancerous Cell

The review article focuses on the importance of adequate oxygen levels in the body as cure and therapy for many ailments. It is known that hypoxia is the cause for cellular damage and if it can be applied to major patho-physiology’s, it can be observed that slow and chronic hypoxic conditions are the cause for most of the diseases. On the contrary, providing each cell of the body with proper oxygen may be helpful in maintaining the immunity of the body and therefore treating many disease conditions. This theory, if tested may show positive results in heart related diseases, neuronal disorders, stresses, digestive disorders and the unresolved cancer too. Slow decrease in the levels of atmospheric oxygen could be a reason to induce chronic hypoxia. According to Dr. Otto Warburg, a Noble laurate, a normal cell when deprived of oxygen, may get converted to a cancerous cell, whereas a cancerous cell cannot survive in aerobic conditions. If this part of his research be concentrated on, there could be fruitful results in the treatment of cancer. To maintain adequate levels of oxygen in the body, simple yogic breathing practices are helpful. And to maintain the adequate atmospheric oxygen, trees and plants which cleanse the atmospheric air are useful. Clinical surveys on volunteers who have been practicing regular breathing exercises can prove the fact that proper and concentrated respiration could prevent many diseases. Thus, supplementing breathing exercises along with the regular treatment for cancer patients could be helpful in alleviating cancer and other diseases.

Growth of Ornamental Plants in Compacted Soils in Relation to Root Growth under Low Oxygen and High Atmospheric Pressure

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 479d-479
Author(s):  
Michael Knee ◽  
Ruth Brake
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Physical Resistance ◽  
High Atmospheric Pressure

In urban situations, particularly after construction, herbaceous ornamentals may be planted into soils that are compacted or have poor structure so that plant roots may encounter poor aeration or physical resistance. Low oxygen concentrations may be the most important aspect of poor aeration and are readily reproduced in the laboratory. High atmospheric pressure might be used to screen for the ability to grow against physical resistance. We tested the suggestion that “native” plants would grow better in compacted soils than typical bedding plants and for differences in tolerance to low oxygen or high pressure. Plants were grown from seed in the greenhouse at four levels of compaction in peat-based medium and in field soil. Shoot dry weights of the native plants Asclepias tuberosa, Echinacea purpurea, and Schizachyrium scoparius, were less affected by growth in compacted soil or peat medium than those of the bedding plants, Antirrhinum majus, Gypsophila elegans, Impatiens balsamina, Tagetes patula and Zinnia elegans. The oxygen content of media declined with compaction to a minimum of 10 kPa. Half maximal root elongation was observed at 1 to 3 kPa oxygen for most species without any separation between the groups. A presure of 1100 kPa reduced root elongation of the bedding plants by 50 to 70% but only 5 to 20% for the native plants.

Adaptation to Low Atmospheric Pressure

BMJ ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (5700) ◽  
pp. 39-39
Author(s):  
S. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Low Atmospheric Pressure

scholarly journals Adaptations and responses of the common dandelion to low atmospheric pressure in high altitude environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla C. M. Arce ◽  
Zoe Bont ◽  
Ricardo A. R. Machado ◽  
Paulo F. Cristaldo ◽  
Matthias Erb
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Low Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Common Dandelion

scholarly journals The Hypoxic Testicle: Physiology and Pathophysiology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan G. Reyes ◽  
Jorge G. Farias ◽  
Sebastián Henríquez-Olavarrieta ◽  
Eva Madrid ◽  
Mario Parraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Complex Biological Process

Mammalian spermatogenesis is a complex biological process occurring in the seminiferous tubules in the testis. This process represents a delicate balance between cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In most mammals, the testicles are kept in the scrotum 2 to 7°C below body core temperature, and the spermatogenic process proceeds with a blood and oxygen supply that is fairly independent of changes in other vascular beds in the body. Despite this apparently well-controlled local environment, pathologies such as varicocele or testicular torsion and environmental exposure to low oxygen (hypoxia) can result in changes in blood flow, nutrients, and oxygen supply along with an increased local temperature that may induce adverse effects on Leydig cell function and spermatogenesis. These conditions may lead to male subfertility or infertility. Our literature analyses and our own results suggest that conditions such as germ cell apoptosis and DNA damage are common features in hypoxia and varicocele and testicular torsion. Furthermore, oxidative damage seems to be present in these conditions during the initiation stages of germ cell damage and apoptosis. Other mechanisms like membrane-bound metalloproteinases and phospholipase A2 activation could also be part of the pathophysiological consequences of testicular hypoxia.

scholarly journals The Function of the Gills of Mayfly Nymphs from Different Habitats

1939 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. WINGFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gaseous Exchange ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Respiratory Mechanism ◽  
Tracheal Gills ◽  
Cloeon Dipterum ◽  
Gill Function ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

1. The oxygen consumption of normal and gill-less nymphs of the mayflies Baetis sp., Cloeon dipterum and Ephemera vulgata has been measured at various oxygen concentrations. 2. It has been found that over the complete range of oxygen concentrations studied, the tracheal gills do not aid oxygen consumption in Baetis sp. In Cloeon dipterum, at all oxygen concentrations tested, no gaseous exchange takes place through the gills; at low oxygen concentrations, however, the gills function as an accessory respiratory mechanism in ventilating the respiratory surface of the body and so aid oxygen consumption. In Ephemera Vulgata the gills aid oxygen consumption even at high oxygen concentrations. In this species the gills may function both as true respiratory organs and as a ventilating mechanism. 3. It is shown that the differences in gill function can be related to the oxygen content of the habitat of each species.

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