DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ORGANS OF THE RAT AND MOUSE AFTER INJECTION OF l-[3H]PROLYL-l-LEUCYL-GLYCINAMIDE

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DUPONT ◽  
F. LABRIE ◽  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
R. PUVIANI ◽  
D. H. COY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Intermediate Lobe ◽  
Preferential Uptake ◽  
Good Agreement

SUMMARY The distribution of radioactivity after intrajugular injection of l-[3H]prolyl-l-leucyl-glycinamide has been studied by whole-body autoradiography in the mouse and by direct measurement of radioactivity in individual organs of the rat. There is good agreement between results obtained with the two techniques and animal species. High levels of radioactivity were found in the pineal gland, anterior pituitary, posterior (including intermediate) lobe of the pituitary, and epididymal and brown fat. Lower uptake of radioactivity occurred in the submaxillary gland, kidney, and adrenal gland. The preferential uptake of radioactivity by the pineal gland after injection of the labelled tripeptide suggests a role for this hypothalamic hormone in the control of pineal activity.

DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ORGANS OF THE RAT AND MOUSE AFTER INJECTION OF [125I]α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DUPONT ◽  
A. J. KASTIN ◽  
F. LABRIE ◽  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
R. PUVIANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Intermediate Lobe ◽  
High Uptake ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Whole Body Autoradiography ◽  
Very High ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The distribution of radioactivity after intrajugular injection of 125Ilabelled α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) was studied by whole-body autoradiography of the mouse and by direct measurement of radioactivity in individual organs of the rat. Very high uptake of radioactivity in the pineal gland was measured 5 min after the injection of [125I]α-MSH. Lower levels of accumulation of radioactivity were found in the kidney and in the posterior (including intermediate) lobe of the pituitary. High uptake was also found in the thyroid, stomach, and oesophagus. The specificity of uptake of [125I] α-MSH into the pineal and pituitary is suggested by the very low uptake of Na125I into those tissues.

scholarly journals Whole-body autoradiographic distribution of exogenously administered renal renin in rats.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kim ◽  
H Iwao ◽  
N Nakamura ◽  
F Ikemoto ◽  
K Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Perchloric Acid Solution

We studied, by whole-body autoradiography, the distribution of exogenously administered renal renin in rat. Rat renal renin was completely purified and labeled with 125I ([125I]-renin) and was then injected into the tail veins of conscious rats at a dose of 30 microCi, 430 ng. After various intervals, rats were killed by an overdose of ether, the whole body rapidly frozen in acetone-dry ice, and autoradiography performed on sagittal whole-body sections. To remove breakdown products ([125I]-tyrosine and free 125I) from [125I]-renin, sections were treated with perchloric acid solution. The main accumulation of [125I]-renin acid-insoluble radioactivity was observed in liver and renal cortex. The accumulation in these organs was already evident 2 min after the injection, reached a maximum level by 15 min, then gradually decreased. A small amount of [125I]-renin was also evident in spleen, bone marrow, and adrenal gland. Thirty min after the injection, radioactivity began to appear in the thyroid gland, stomach, and small intestine, but disappeared with acid treatment, except in the thyroid. Radioactivity was negligible in other organs including brain, submaxillary gland, lung, heart, and testis. These autoradiographs clearly demonstrate that exogenously administered renal renin is distributed mainly in the liver and renal cortex.

scholarly journals Calculating the optimal hematocrit under the constraint of constant cardiac power

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Sitina ◽  
Heiko Stark ◽  
Stefan Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Cardiac Power ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractIn humans and higher animals, a trade-off between sufficiently high erythrocyte concentrations to bind oxygen and sufficiently low blood viscosity to allow rapid blood flow has been achieved during evolution. Optimal hematocrit theory has been successful in predicting hematocrit (HCT) values of about 0.3–0.5, in very good agreement with the normal values observed for humans and many animal species. However, according to those calculations, the optimal value should be independent of the mechanical load of the body. This is in contradiction to the exertional increase in HCT observed in some animals called natural blood dopers and to the illegal practice of blood boosting in high-performance sports. Here, we present a novel calculation to predict the optimal HCT value under the constraint of constant cardiac power and compare it to the optimal value obtained for constant driving pressure. We show that the optimal HCT under constant power ranges from 0.5 to 0.7, in agreement with observed values in natural blood dopers at exertion. We use this result to explain the tendency to better exertional performance at an increased HCT.

Chromogranin A Messenger RNA Expression in the Rat Anterior Pituitary Is Permissively Regulated by the Adrenal Gland

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Grino ◽  
Thomas Wohlfarter ◽  
Reiner Fischer-CoIbrie ◽  
Lee E. Eiden
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Rna Expression

N-Acetylated endorphins in ovine anterior pituitary and neuro-intermediate lobe

Peptides ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Cheng ◽  
A.I. Smith ◽  
J.A. Clements ◽  
J.W. Funder
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Intermediate Lobe

The Measurement of Engine Volumetric Efficiency Using a Pressure Transducer

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
P H Clarke ◽  
M N Khayat ◽  
G A Harrow
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Electric Pressure ◽  
Engine Cycle ◽  
Good Agreement

A method of estimating the volumetric efficiency of an engine by using a piezo-electric pressure transducer to measure the compression pressure during a non-firing engine cycle is described and the results obtained are compared with those derived from a direct measurement of air flow. The results produced by the two techniques agree to within ±3% at speeds up to 2500 rpm and are in good agreement with those obtained from an infra-red exhaust gas analysis when the engine was firing.

Direct Determination of the Body Content of Radionuclides: Abstract

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
R. Griffith ◽  
H. Bergmann ◽  
F. A. Fry ◽  
D. Hickman ◽  
J.-L. Genicot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Measurement ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
And Control

Previous ICRU reports have dealt with the formulation and properties of tissue substitutes and phantoms that are used to calibrate in vivo measurement systems. This report provides guidance on the overall process of the direct measurement of radionuclides in the human body for radiation protection and medical applications. It addresses the detectors and electronics used for the measurement; methods of background reduction and control; measurement geometries for whole body, partial body or organ counting; physical and mathematical calibration methods; data analysis; and quality assurance. It is directed to readers who need practical advice on the establishment and operation of direct measurement facilities.

scholarly journals Measurement of Convective Entrainment Using Lagrangian Particles

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyongmin Yeo ◽  
David M. Romps
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Entrainment Rate ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Environmental Air ◽  
Cumulus Congestus ◽  
Entrained Air ◽  
Eulerian Methods ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Lagrangian particle tracking is used in a large-eddy simulation to study an individual cumulus congestus. This allows for the direct measurement of the convective entrainment rate and of the residence times of entrained parcels within the cloud. The entrainment rate obtained by Lagrangian direct measurement is found to be higher than that obtained using the recently introduced method of Eulerian direct measurement. This discrepancy is explained by the fast recirculation of air in and out of cloudy updrafts, which Eulerian direct measurement is unable to resolve. By filtering these fast recirculations, the Lagrangian calculation produces a result in very good agreement with the Eulerian calculation. The Lagrangian method can also quantify some aspects of entrainment that cannot be probed with Eulerian methods. For instance, it is found that more than half of the air that is entrained by the cloud during its lifetime is air that was previously detrained by the cloud. Nevertheless, the cloud is highly diluted by entrained air: for cloudy air above 2 km, its mean height of origin is well above the cloud base. This paints a picture of a cloud that rapidly entrains both environmental air and its own detritus.

scholarly journals Application of the law of diminishing returns to estimate maintenance requirement for amino acids and their efficiency of utilization for accretion in young chicks

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. DARMANI KUHI ◽  
E. KEBREAB ◽  
S. LOPEZ ◽  
J. FRANCE
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Good Agreement

SUMMARYSuitability of the monomolecular equation, specifically re-parameterized for analysing energy balance data, has recently been investigated in broilers and turkeys. In the current study, this equation was applied to literature data from growing chicks fed crystalline amino acid (AA) diets, in order to provide estimates for AA requirements for maintenance, body-weight gain and protein accretion. Non-linear regression was used with the data to estimate parameters and combine them to determine other biological indicators. The predictive ability of the model was evaluated with reference to model behaviour when fitting the data, biologically meaningful parameter estimates and statistical performance. The model estimated the maintenance requirements for valine, threonine and lysine to be in the range 80–111, 96–109 and 52–209 mg/kg of liveweight/day, respectively, depending on the response criterion. Requirements for maintenance were in good agreement with values reported previously. Average efficiency of recovering AAs in whole body protein, between maintenance and four×maintenance, was in the reported range of 0·80–1·0 and greatest at low intakes and decreasing as intakes increase.

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