PREOVULATORY CHANGES IN THE OVARIES DURING THE FIRST SPONTANEOUS PRO-OESTRUS IN THE RAT

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. OSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Adult Animal ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Follicular Atresia ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Interstitial Oedema ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
New Crop

SUMMARY Events in the ovaries during the first spontaneous pro-oestrus were compared with those in the adult rat. The occurrence of first spontaneous pro-oestrus was determined from vaginal smears after surgical opening of the vagina. Pubertal rats showed a remarkable increase in ovarian weight from 10.00 to 15.00 h on the day of pro-oestrus, which was absent in the adults. They also showed an earlier and more pronounced interstitial oedema. Dispersion of cumulus cells, resumption of meiosis and ovulation also occurred slightly earlier in pubertal rats. A distinct difference was found in the growth rate of follicles of ovulatory size, i.e. follicles of ≥ 500 × 105 μm3. At the first pro-oestrus these follicles showed a slower and less pronounced increase in size from 10.00 to 17.00 h compared with the adult follicles at this time, although this disparity was made up by a marked increase in growth from 17.00 to 24.00 h. The development of a new crop of follicles progressed similarly in the pubertal and adult animals. Follicular atresia seemed to progress more rapidly from 10.00 to 15.00 h in the pubertal animals compared with adults but from 15.00 h onwards no further differences were observed. The possible causal factors underlying the observed differences between the pubertal and adult animal are discussed.

Long-term maintenance of reaggregated hypothalamic cultures developed from embryonic rat hypothalamus: prostaglandin release during synaptogenesis in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-171
Author(s):  
A. Gyevai ◽  
P.J. Chapple ◽  
W.H. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Adult Animal ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Monolayer Cultures ◽  
Prostaglandin Release ◽  
Pge2 Concentration ◽  
The Media ◽  
Term Maintenance

Hypothalamic aggregate cultures were developed from hypothalami taken from rat embryos at 17–19 days gestation. The aggregate cultures exhibited a prominent morphological differentiation during 3–4 weeks in culture. The fine structure of the synapses formed in the aggregates resembled synapses in tha adult animal. During synaptogenesis the aggregates spontaneously release prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The amount of PGE2 released in the media was reversed upon the morphological differentiation of the hypothalamic cultures. Media containing a higher PGE2 concentration increased the extracellular prolactin accumulation in monolayer cultures developed from adult rat hypophysis.

Social factors and puberty in female rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Slob ◽  
G. van Es ◽  
J. J. van der Werff ten Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Adult Animal ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Ovarian Histology

ABSTRACT The effects of postweaning social conditions on the age of puberty were studied in female rats from an early-and a late-maturing strain. The postweaning living conditions consisted of the presence or absence of an adult rat (intact or gonadectomized male, or intact female), or of bedding soiled by adult males. The infantile females exposed to these conditions were caged either singly or with three peers. Puberty was studied in terms of first ovulation, verified always by ovarian histology. Females of the late-maturing strain living without peers reached puberty about 2 days earlier than females that grew up in groups of four, irrespective of the presence or absence of an adult animal. In neither strain was puberty accelerated by the presence of intact males or the soiled bedding of such males. These results do not support the view that in the rat pheromones from adult males enhance puberty in females, contrary to what is known to happen in the mouse. J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 309–313

scholarly journals Evidence that Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Is a Novel Intraovarian Regulator of Follicular Atresia

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (11) ◽  
pp. 5373-5383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Kobayashi ◽  
Fermin Jimenez-Krassel ◽  
Qinglei Li ◽  
Jianbo Yao ◽  
Ruiping Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Development ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicular Atresia ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Cart Peptide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bovine Ovary ◽  
Granulosal Cells ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles

Abstract We recently obtained evidence that cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), a potent anorectic neuropeptide, is expressed in the bovine ovary. The objectives of this study were to characterize bovine ovarian CART and determine its localization, regulation, and regulatory role during follicular development. CART mRNA was detected in stroma of adult ovaries and in large follicles, but was undetectable in several peripheral tissues, fetal ovaries, and corpora lutea. Within the ovary, CART mRNA and peptide were localized to the granulosal layer of some, but not all, antral follicles, with low, but detectable, expression in oocytes and cumulus cells. CART mRNA was undetectable in granulosal cells of dominant ovulatory follicles collected before and after the preovulatory gonadotropin surge, but was detected in the granulosal layer of adjacent subordinate follicles. In addition, amounts of CART mRNA and follicular fluid concentrations of CART peptide were greater in subordinate follicles vs. dominant follicles of the first follicular wave. Furthermore, CART treatment inhibited basal estradiol production, but not progesterone production, by granulosal cells in a dose-dependent fashion, and the effect was dependent on stage of cell differentiation. We conclude that granulosal cell CART expression is temporally regulated and potentially associated with follicle health status, and CART can inhibit granulosal cell estradiol production. Thus, CART may be a novel local regulator of follicular atresia in the bovine ovary.

THE OESTROUS CYCLE OF THE ADULT RAT AFTER X-RAY STERILIZATION

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANITA M. MANDL
Keyword(s):  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Variable Time ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
Histological Appearance

SUMMARY Oestrous cycles, as judged by vaginal smears, persist for a variable time after X-ray sterilization of the ovaries, but their phases do not synchronize with the growth and rupture of surviving Graafian follicles and the formation of corpora lutea. Cyclical fluctuations in the size of the uterus and the histological appearance of the vagina occur during but not after the first two oestrous periods following sterilization.

THE REACTION OF THE OVARIES AND ADRENAL GLANDS OF FEMALE RATS TO OVARIAN AND MUSCLE HOMOGRAFTS

1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANITA M. MANDL ◽  
S. ZUCKERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Adult Rat

The ovaries and adrenal glands of an adult rat hypertrophy after either ovarian or muscle tissue is homografted into the animal. The ovarian weight/body weight and adrenal weight/body weight ratios become significantly higher than those of normal adult female rats derived from the same colony. Anaesthesia also appears to lead to a transitory increase in the weight of the adrenals. The possibility that the ovaries respond to certain non-specific conditions, in the same general way as do the adrenal glands, is discussed.

scholarly journals The Reproductive Effect of Terbinafine in Ewe: Effects on Estrous Cycle and Ovarian Follicles

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
Muhannad A.A. AlBayaty
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Antiproliferative Agent ◽  
Reproductive Effect

Terbinafine is a fungicide given orally with the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per day for each ewe for 60 days. The vaginal smears of ewe, body and ovarian weight were daily administered at slaughter time; ewes were slaughtered at 60th day. Estrous cycle was affected by showing a significant reduce in the estrous cycle length of each phases of estrous cycle with associated significant increase in the diestrus phase in terbinafine treatment as compared with control group (olive oil treatment as adjuvant) of ewes. There was a significant reduce in the number of follicles and a significant raise in the number of atretic follicles in treated group as compared with control group as well as upsurge the progesterone/estrogen ratio. The body and ovarian weight were significant diminished in terbinafine treatment. These observed effects of terbinafine on the ovarian activity may be due to a direct effect as antiproliferative agent or the hypothalamus - hypophysial - ovarian axis causing hormonal inequality.

Preimplantation and postimplantation development of rat embryos cloned with cumulus cells and fibroblasts

Zygote ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Iannaccone ◽  
Greg Taborn ◽  
Ray Garton
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Surrogate Mothers ◽  
Rat Embryos ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rat Fibroblasts

In this report we demonstrate the successful in vitro culture of fertilised embryos from 1-cell to blastocyst stage, albeit in a strain-dependent fashion. We report procedures for the enucleation of rat oocytes; nuclear transfer by injection of nuclei (NT) from adult rat cumulus cells, rat primary embryonic fibroblasts and genetically modified rat fibroblasts; and activation resulting in advanced preimplantation development. Blastocyst stage rat embryos were obtained after in vitro culture of nuclear transfer zygotes at similar frequencies with each of these nuclear donor cell types. Transfer of NT embryos to surrogate mothers leads to implantation of 24% of the zygotes. These results suggest that the nuclei of cultured rat cells, even following genetic modification, can be reprogrammed to support early embryonic development, which is a prerequisite to cloning the rat.

Immunoenzymatic demonstration of the simultaneous presence of transferrin, hemopexin and albumin in a same hepatocyte and their ultrastructural localization

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
M. Kraemer ◽  
J. Foucrier ◽  
J. Vassy ◽  
M.T. Chalumeau
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Monospecific Antisera ◽  
Different Levels

Some authors using immunofluorescent techniques had already suggested that some hepatocytes are able to synthetize several plasma proteins. In vitro studies on normal cells or on cells issued of murine hepatomas raise the same conclusion. These works could be indications of an hepatocyte functionnal non-specialization, meanwhile the authors never give direct topographic proofs suitable with this hypothesis.The use of immunoenzymatic techniques after obtention of monospecific antisera had seemed to us useful to bring forward a better knowledge of this problem. We have studied three carrier proteins (transferrin = Tf, hemopexin = Hx, albumin = Alb) operating at different levels in iron metabolism by demonstrating and localizing the adult rat hepatocytes involved in their synthesis.Immunological, histological and ultrastructural methods have been described in a previous work.

Ultrastructure and Drug Metabolism in the Developing Guinea Pig

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 538-539
Author(s):  
W. Kuenzig ◽  
M. Boublik ◽  
J.J. Kamm ◽  
J.J. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Adult Animal ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Microsomal Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase Activity

Unlike a variety of other animal species, such as the rabbit, mouse or rat, the guinea pig has a relatively long gestation period and is a more fully developed animal at birth. Kuenzig et al. reported that drug metabolic activity which increases very slowly during fetal life, increases rapidly after birth. Hepatocytes of a 3-day old neonate metabolize drugs and reduce cytochrome P-450 at a rate comparable to that observed in the adult animal. Moreover the administration of drugs like phenobarbital to pregnant guinea pigs increases the microsomal mixed function oxidase activity already in the fetus.Drug metabolic activity is, generally, localized within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of the hepatocyte.

Expression of laminin and beta-1 integrin in embryonic, neonatal, and adult rat heart

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
R.L. Price ◽  
T.K. Borg ◽  
L. Terracio ◽  
M. Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Cytoplasmic Face ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Basement Membrane Component ◽  
Beta 1 Integrin ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements ◽  
External Face

Little is known about the temporal expression of extracellular matrix components (ECM) and its receptors during development of the heart. Recent reports have shown that ECM components undergo both qualitative and quantitative changes during development, and it is believed that ECM components are important in the regulation of cell migration and cell:cell and cell:ECM recognition and adhesion.Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins which bind several ECM components on their external face and cytoskeletal elements on the cytoplasmic face. Laminin is a basement membrane component which has been recognized as an important site for cell adhesion. Both the integrins and laminin are expressed early in development and continue to be expressed in the adult heart. With their documented roles in cell recognition, and cell:cell and cell:ECM migration and adhesion these proteins appear to be important components in development of the heart, and their temporal expression may play a pivotal role in morphogenesis and myofibrillogenesis of the heart.

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