HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR CANINE PROLACTIN AND ITS APPLICATION IN VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-J. GRÄF ◽  
E. FRIEDREICH ◽  
S. MATTHES ◽  
S. H. HASAN
Keyword(s):  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Basal Serum ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Very High

The purification of canine prolactin and the development of an homologous radioimmunoassay including several physiological studies in the Beagle dog are described. The assay measured immunoreactive canine prolactin with a sensitivity limit of 0·6 ng/ml. Purified canine luteinizing hormone gave no significant inhibition in the assay whereas purified canine growth hormone inhibited the binding of 125I-labelled canine prolactin to antiserum only at very high dose levels. In Beagle dogs, basal serum prolactin concentrations were in the range 1–2 ng/ml in normal male, normal female (metoestrus and anoestrus) and oophorectomized–hysterectomized female dogs. The prolactin concentration in one sample of amniotic fluid was in the same range, while in hypophysectomized male dogs no serum prolactin could be detected by our assay system. Serum prolactin concentrations tended to increase during late pregnancy and parturition, remaining high during the first 9 days of lactation. In consequence, a negative correlation was suggested between serum prolactin and serum progesterone concentrations.

Formation of Oxide Layers by High Dose Implantation into Silicon

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Gill ◽  
I. H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Single Crystal Silicon ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Surface Oxide Layer ◽  
Crystal Silicon ◽  
Implantation Energy ◽  
Oxygen Ions ◽  
Oxygen Profile ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTSingle crystal silicon was implanted with 80, 120, 160 and 240 keV oxygen ions. Rutherford backscattering (RBS) analysis was used to obtain the implanted oxygen profile and the oxygen to silicon ratio in the implanted layer for doses in the range 1016 to 1.5 × 1018 O2+ cm−2 for room temperature implants. The depth and the thickness of the buried oxide layer has been measured as a function of implantation energy and oxygen dose. Chemical formation of stoichiometric SiO2 was confirmed by infra-red (IR) spectroscopy. Both RBS and IR indicate that once a surface oxide layer is formed for very high dose levels, the layer thickness decreases with increasing implanted dose beyond a critical dose level.

High-dose progesterone infusion in healthy males: evidence against antiglucocorticoid activity of progesterone

1995 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 696-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Allolio ◽  
Martin Oremus ◽  
Martin Reincke ◽  
Hans-Jörg Schaeffer ◽  
Werner Winkelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Healthy Males

Allolio B, Oremus M, Reincke M, Schaeffer H-J, Winkelmann W, Heck G, Schulte HM. High-dose progesterone infusion in healthy males: evidence against antiglucocorticoid activity of progesterone. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:696–700. ISSN 0804–4643 High concentrations of unbound cortisol in late pregnancy have been explained by the antiglucocorticoid activity of high progesterone levels. To further test this hypothesis we studied the effect of high-dose progesterone on baseline and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)-induced hormone secretion in humans. In a double-blind crossover study eight healthy male volunteers received either progesterone (0.714 mg · kg−1 · h−1 for 60 min followed by a dose of 0.45 mg · kg−1 · h−1 over a total infusion time of 315 min) or vehicle as a continuous intravenous infusion. At 210 min a CRH test (0.1 μg/kg body weight as bolus iv) was performed. Within 30 min after the start of progesterone administration the serum progesterone level increased to 454 ± 31 nmol/l and remained in the range of third trimester pregnancy concentrations throughout the infusion period. During vehicle infusion the progesterone level remained in the normal range for healthy males and demonstrated a small but significant increase after CRH (1.52 ± 0.23 vs 0.74 ± 0.14 nmol/l; p < 0.01). However, baseline and CRH-stimulated serum cortisol and plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone remained unaffected by high-dose progesterone. Moreover, unbound salivary cortisol also was not affected by progesterone, suggesting that there is no significant competition for transcortin binding sites. In conclusion, no antiglucorticoid activity was found after short-term administration of progesterone in males. These findings cast doubts on the concept that the alterations of the pituitary–adrenal axis in late pregnancy are induced by the antiglucocorticoid activity of high progesterone concentrations. Bruno Allolio, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany

Acetaminophen: Neonatal hepatotoxicity due to late pregnancy exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
G.A. Miranda ◽  
M.A. Arroyo ◽  
C.A. Lucio ◽  
M. Mongeotti ◽  
S.S. Poolsawat
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Neonatal Liver ◽  
Childbearing Women

Exposure to drugs and toxic chemicals, during late pregnancy, is a common occurrence in childbearing women. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of pregnant women use at least 1 prescription; of this, 60% used more than one. Another study indicated that 80% of the consumed drugs were not prescribed, and of this figure, 95% were “over-the-counter” drugs. Acetaminophen, the safest of all over-the-counter drugs, has been reported to induce fetal liver necrosis in man and animals and to have abortifacient and embryocidal action in mice. This study examines the degree to which acetaminophen affects the neonatal liver and kidney, when a fatty diet is simultaneously fed to the mother during late pregnancy.Timed Swiss Webster female mice were gavaged during late pregnancy (days 16-19) with fat suspended acetaminophen at a high dose, HD = 84.50 mg/kg, and a low dose, LD = 42.25 mg/kg; a control group received fat alone.

Calcium and the Fc Receptor on Human Platelets

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (03) ◽  
pp. 298-301
Author(s):  
William F Clark ◽  
Gerald J M Tevaarwerk ◽  
Bruce D Reid ◽  
Suzanne Hall ◽  
Anita Caveney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Fc Receptor ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Scatchard Analysis ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Binding Data ◽  
Direct Binding

SummaryWe have described the calcium dependence of the IgG Fc receptor (Fc-R) on human platelets by analyzing the direct binding of radiolabelled Fc fragments, monomers and dimers of IgG. Specific binding to platelets was undetectable at 37° C in a calcium-free preparation but readily detected when calcium was restored. Scatchard analysis of the binding data for the calcium-restored platelets permitted calculation of the available Fc-R and the Ka of binding for the different IgG ligands. The mean Ka of binding for 12 normal subjects varied from 107 to 108 L/M, with an equal receptor number measured by Fc fragments and dimers of IgG, but a lesser amount for monomeric IgG. There was no apparent difference in Fc-R number for platelets from 6 normal male versus 6 normal female subjects.At 4° C binding was detectable for dimers and polymers of IgG in a calcium-free preparation and this was markedly increased with recalcification. Thus, our data are consistent with an Fc receptor population on human platelets whose avidity for binding is significantly enhanced in a calcium-restored medium.

scholarly journals Quantifying prescribed high dose opioids in the community and risk of overdose

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Schofield ◽  
Deborah Steven ◽  
Rebecca Foster ◽  
Catriona Matheson ◽  
Alexander Baldacchino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Opioid Prescribing ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Strong Opioid ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Strong Opioids ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background Opioid prescribing for a range of health issues is increasing globally. The risk of fatal and non-fatal overdose is increased among people prescribed strong opioids: in high doses in the context of polypharmacy (the use of multiple medications at the same time), especially with other sedatives; and among people with multiple morbidities including cardiorespiratory, hepatic and renal conditions. This study described and quantified the prescribing of strong opioids, comorbidities and other overdose risk factors among those prescribed strong opioids, and factors associated with high/very high opioid dosage in a regional health authority in Scotland as part of a wider service improvement exercise. Methods Participating practices ran searches to identify patients prescribed strong opioids and their characteristics, polypharmacy, and other overdose risk factors. Data were anonymised before being analysed at practice and patient-level. Morphine Equivalent Doses were calculated for patients based on drug/dose information and classed as Low/Medium/High/Very High. Descriptive statistics were generated on the strong opioid patient population and overdose risk factors. The relationship between the prescribing of strong opioids and practice/patient-level factors was investigated using linear and logistic regression models. Results Eighty-five percent (46/54) of GP practices participated. 12.4% (42,382/341,240) of individuals in participating practices were prescribed opioids and, of these, one third (14,079/42,382) were prescribed strong opioids. The most common comorbidities and overdose risk factors among strong opioid recipients were pain (67.2%), cardiovascular disease (43.2%), and mental health problems (39.3%). There was a positive significant relationship between level of social deprivation among practice caseload and level of strong opioid prescribing (p < 0.001). People prescribed strong opioids tended to be older (mean 59.7 years) and female (8638, 61.4%) and, among a subset of patients, age, gender and opioid drug class were significantly associated with prescribing of High/Very High doses. Conclusions Our findings have identified a large population at potential risk of prescription opioid overdose. There is a need to explore pragmatic models of tailored interventions which may reduce the risk of overdose within this group and clinical practice may need to be tightened to minimise overdose risk for individuals prescribed high dose opioids.

Effects of piperonyl butoxide on spontaneous behavior in F1-generation mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyohito Tanaka ◽  
Osamu Takahashi ◽  
Shinshi Oishi ◽  
Akio Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
High Dose Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Developmental Parameters ◽  
Spontaneous Behavior ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
F1 Generation

Piperonyl butoxide was given in the diet to provide levels of 0 (control), 0.02%, 0.06%, and 0.18% from 5 weeks of age of the F0 generation to 12 weeks of age of the F1 generation in mice. Select reproductive and neurobehavioral parameters were then measured. In exploratory behavior in the F0 generation, vertical time of adult females increased significantly in a dose-related manner. In behavioral developmental parameters, cliff avoidance was delayed significantly in the high-dose group in male offspring, and this effect was significantly dose-related. In female offspring, surface righting was significantly delayed in the high-dose group, and this effect was significantly dose-related. In spontaneous behavior in the F1 generation, females showed more activities in some variables in the high-dose group. Dose levels of piperonyl butoxide used in the present study produced several adverse effects in neurobehavioral parameters in mice.

Inhibition of binding of gonadal steroids to serum binding proteins by non-esterified fatty acids: the influence of chain length and degree of unsaturation

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Street ◽  
R. J. S. Howell ◽  
L. Perry ◽  
S. Al-Othman ◽  
T. Chard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitro Binding

Abstract. The effect of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) on the in vitro binding of testosterone, 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone and estradiol E2 to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was examined using pooled normal female serum, and SHBG and albumin fractions obtained from the partial purification of late pregnancy serum. A range of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were examined for their effect on steroid-protein binding. In normal female serum, NEFA added at physiological concentrations disrupted steroid-protein binding. The shorter chain (C8–C12) saturated acids and the poly-unsaturated acids proved to be more effective inhibitors than the longer chain saturated or mono-unsaturated acids. The greatest inhibition was obtained with E2 whereas the binding of dihydrotestosterone was least affected. With partially purified SHBG, the same concentrations of NEFA were less effective at inhibiting the binding of dihydrotestosterone and testosterone but elicited the same effect with E2. The binding of steroids to albumin appeared to be unaffected by these concentrations of NEFA.

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