Emergence of the diurnal rhythm in plasma melatonin concentrations in newborn lambs delivered to intact or pinealectomized ewes

1990 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nowak ◽  
I. R. Young ◽  
I. C. McMillen
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Plasma Melatonin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT We have monitored the 24-h profiles of plasma melatonin concentrations between birth and 10 weeks of age, in lambs which were delivered to, and suckled, either pineal-intact (control group) or pinealectomized (pinealectomized group) ewes. Between 0 and 2 weeks of age, plasma concentrations of melatonin in lambs suckling either intact or pinealectomized ewes were highest at 01.00 h. At this age, however, there was no significant difference in the mean plasma concentrations of melatonin between the entire dark and light phases in lambs in either the control group (dark, 39·7 ± 6·0 (s.e.m.) pmol/l; light, 39·5 ± 8·1 pmol/l) or the pinealectomized group (dark, 79·8 ± 43·3 pmol/l; light, 60·9 ±8·7 pmol/l). Between 3 and 4 weeks of age, however, a diurnal rhythm in plasma melatonin concentrations was clearly present in the lambs in both the control and pinealectomized groups (control group: dark, 164·1 ± 5·6 pmol/l; light 26·2 ± 2·5 pmol/l; pinealectomized group: dark, 52·7± 8·0 pmol/l; light, 19·1 ± 5·3 pmol/l; P<0·001). Between 3 and 10 weeks of age, plasma concentrations of melatonin in the dark phase were significantly (P<0·05) lower in the lambs suckling pinealectomized ewes than in the control group. In both the control lambs and lambs suckling pinealectomized ewes, the mean plasma concentrations of melatonin in the dark and light phases increased significantly (P<0·05) between 3 and 6 weeks after birth. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that a clear diurnal plasma rhythm in melatonin concentrations does not emerge until 3–4 weeks of age in lambs suckling either pinealectomized or intact ewes. We have also measured lower melatonin concentrations during the dark phase in lambs suckling pinealectomized ewes when compared with lambs suckling pineal-intact ewes between 3 and 10 weeks of age. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 125, 97–102

No Relation Between Zinc Status and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adolescent Judokas

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemizia Francisca de Sousa ◽  
Laiana Sepúlveda de Andrade Mesquita ◽  
Kyria Jayanne Clímaco Cruz ◽  
Ana Raquel Soares de Oliveira ◽  
Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Range ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zinc Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. This study aimed to assess the relation between zinc status and inflammation biomarkers in adolescent judokas. This cross-sectional study included 52 male adolescents, aged between 14 and 19 years, who were subdivided into two groups: judoka group (n = 25) and control group (n = 27). Zinc intake was monitored using 3-day food records and the NutWin software version 1.5. The plasma and erythrocyte zinc concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Analysis of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) was performed. The mean values of zinc concentration in the diet were found to be higher than those recommended (11.0±3.9 mg/day and 20.3±11.9 mg/day for control group and judokas, respectively) although there was no significant difference between the groups. The mean plasma concentrations of zinc were below the reference range (71.4±16.0 μg/dL and 71.9±13.8 μg/dL for control group and judokas, respectively), without a significant difference between the groups. The mean concentrations of zinc erythrocyte were within the reference range (41.2±8.6 μg/gHb and 42.6±11.3 μg/gHb for control group and judokas, respectively), without a significant difference between the groups. There was no significant difference in the inflammatory biomarkers between the judokas and controls. There was not a significant correlation between biochemical parameters of zinc and inflammation biomarkers in adolescent judokas. Regarding the data found in the study, it can be concluded that the athletes evaluated have low plasma zinc concentrations, normal erythrocyte values, and high dietary intake of zinc. Moreover, the study don’t show a relationship between zinc parameters and inflammatory markers evaluated.

Maternal pinealectomy abolishes the diurnal rhythm in plasma melatonin concentrations in the fetal sheep and pregnant ewe during late gestation

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. McMillen ◽  
R. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Melatonin ◽  
Pregnant Ewe

ABSTRACT We have investigated the effect of pinealectomy of ewes in pregnancy on the presence of the diurnal rhythm in fetal and maternal plasma concentrations of melatonin. Six ewes were pinealectomized between 104 and 118 days of gestation. Fetal and maternal blood samples were collected during 24-h periods between 125 and 140 days of gestation in the pinealectomized ewes and in an intact control (n = 4). There was a significant diurnal rhythm in both fetal and maternal plasma concentrations of melatonin in the control group. In this group, the fetal and maternal plasma melatonin concentrations were significantly higher in the dark (128·4±6·2 and 192·2± 10·7 pmol/l respectively) than in the light (46·2 ± 4·2 and 25·8 ± 2·1 pmol/l respectively). However there was no diurnal rhythm in either the fetal or maternal plasma melatonin concentrations in the pinealectomized group between 125 and 140 days of gestation. In contrast to the control animals, there was also no light–dark difference in the fetal or maternal plasma melatonin concentrations in four pinealectomized animals sampled frequently in the 3–7 days preceding delivery (mean length of gestation 146·5 days). However, in the pinealectomized sheep there was a gradual increase in the combined light–dark fetal plasma melatonin concentrations during late gestation from 27·9 ± 2·8 pmol/l (at 15–20 days before delivery) to 95·2± 14·1 pmol/l on the day of delivery. We have therefore demonstrated that the maternal pineal is the major source of the diurnal rhythm in maternal and fetal plasma melatonin concentrations. However maternal pinealectomy does not appear to remove all the melatonin immunoreactivity from the maternal and fetal plasma in late gestation. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 459–464

Determination some Immunological Aspects in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Qadisiyah Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syoof Khowman Alramahy ◽  
Akram Hadi Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Igg Level

This study was carried out to study of some immunological aspects among the pulmonary Tuberculosis patients infected with causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A Total of 200 sputum samples were collected from patients attending the consultant Clinic for Chest and Respiratory disease center, Diwaniya. Control group (No=15) also included. According to acid fast stain of sputum, the patients were classified as positive (No=91,45.5%) and negative (No=109,54.5, Lowenstein Jensen medium used for the cultivation of samples, on which 70% of sputum samples where positive culture for this microorganism. The grown microorganism were identified as M. tuberculosis, based on positive A.F.B, Niacin producers ,negative for catlase at 68c. The mean IgG level was l184.053±76.684 mg/100 ml in tuberculosis group compared with 1016.533 ± 44.882 mg/100ml in control group, rendering the statistical difference significant. For IgA and IgM levels, they were at mean of 315.880±38.552 mg/100 ml and 119.527±8.464 mg/100 ml in control group compared with 396.358±38.776 mg/100 ml and 134.207±11.696 mg/100 ml in patients group respectively with significant difference

Clinical Impact of Co-medication of Levetiracetam and Clobazam with Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Drug Interaction Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Bhuvanachandra Pasupuleti ◽  
Vamshikrishna Gone ◽  
Ravali Baddam ◽  
Raj Kumar Venisetty ◽  
Om Prakash Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Background: Clobazam (CLBZ) metabolized primarily by Cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme CYP3A4 than with CYP2C19, Whereas Levetiracetam (LEV) is metabolized by hydrolysis of the acetamide group. Few CYP enzymes are inhibited by Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole, and Rabeprazole in different extents that could affect drug concentrations in blood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of these PPIs on the plasma concentrations of LEV and CLBZ. Methods: Blood samples from 542 patients were included out of which 343 were male and 199 were female patients and were categorized as control and test. Plasma samples analyzed using an HPLC-UV method. Plasma concentrations were measured and compared to those treated and those not treated with PPIs. One way ANOVA and games Howell post hoc test used by SPSS 20 software. Results: CLBZ concentrations were significantly 10 folds higher in patients treated with Pantoprazole (P=0.000) and 07 folds higher in patients treated with Esmoprazole and Rabeprazole (P=0.00). Whereas plasma concentration of LEV control group has no statistical and significant difference when compared to pantoprazole (P=0.546) and with rabeprazole and esomeprazole was P=0.999. Conclusion: The effect of comedication with PPIs on the plasma concentration of clobazam is more pronounced for pantoprazole to a greater extent when compared to esomeprazole and rabeprazole. When pantoprazole is used in combination with clobazam, dose reduction of clobazam should be considered, or significance of PPIs is seen to avoid adverse effects.

The Baby Shark (Songs Heard Affecting Resuscitation Kinetics) study

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjstel-2020-000657
Author(s):  
Rebecca Singer ◽  
Grace Leo ◽  
Tessa Davis ◽  
Ben Lawton ◽  
Henry Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Target Zone ◽  
Compression Depth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
And Control ◽  
Musical Cues

Previous research has examined the utilisation of musical cues to improve the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) delivered in training environments. We postulated a musical cue that is both contemporary and transcends cultures may improve CPR performance. Our aim was to establish whether chest compressions are performed with improved rate and depth if a song of a fixed beat (PinkFong’s ‘Baby Shark’ with a tempo of 115 beats per minute (bpm) and 15 beats in each verse) is played to a healthcare professional immediately before undertaking CPR compared to whale noises (a non-metronomic rhythm). 58 Participants of a paediatric conference (majority doctors) were randomly assigned to listen to a minute of Baby Shark (28) or whale song (30) and then undertake a minute of CPR. There was no significant difference in the mean compression rate between the Baby Shark and control groups, with the groups achieving 121 and 125 bpm, respectively (p=0.18). In relation to compression depth within the target zone, the Baby Shark group had more compressions completed within the target zone (55%) than the control group (39%) although this difference was not significant (p=0.08). Listening to Baby Shark prior to undertaking simulated CPR does not improve overall performance, but there is a potential tendency to improve adequate compression depth which may be beneficial in training exercises.

scholarly journals Corneal Biomechanical Parameters and Central Corneal Thickness in Glaucoma Patients, Glaucoma Suspects, and a Healthy Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2637
Author(s):  
Mª. Ángeles del Buey-Sayas ◽  
Elena Lanchares-Sancho ◽  
Pilar Campins-Falcó ◽  
María Dolores Pinazo-Durán ◽  
Cristina Peris-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To evaluate and compare corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), and central corneal thickness (CCT), measurements were taken between a healthy population (controls), patients diagnosed with glaucoma (DG), and glaucoma suspect patients due to ocular hypertension (OHT), family history of glaucoma (FHG), or glaucoma-like optic discs (GLD). Additionally, Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) and corneal-compensated IOP (IOPcc) were compared between the different groups of patients. Methods: In this prospective analytical-observational study, a total of 1065 patients (one eye of each) were recruited to undergo Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) testing, ultrasound pachymetry, and clinical examination. Corneal biomechanical parameters (CH, CRF), CCT, IOPg, and IOPcc were measured in the control group (n = 574) and the other groups: DG (n = 147), FHG (n = 78), GLD (n = 90), and OHT (n = 176). We performed a variance analysis (ANOVA) for all the dependent variables according to the different diagnostic categories with multiple comparisons to identify the differences between the diagnostic categories, deeming p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: The mean CH in the DG group (9.69 mmHg) was significantly lower compared to controls (10.75 mmHg; mean difference 1.05, p < 0.001), FHG (10.70 mmHg; mean difference 1.00, p < 0.05), GLD (10.63 mmHg; mean difference 0.93, p < 0.05) and OHT (10.54 mmHg; mean difference 0.84, p < 0.05). No glaucoma suspects (FHG, GLD, OHT groups) presented significant differences between themselves and the control group (p = 1.00). No statistically significant differences were found in the mean CRF between DG (11.18 mmHg) and the control group (10.75 mmHg; mean difference 0.42, p = 0.40). The FHG and OHT groups showed significantly higher mean CRF values (12.32 and 12.41 mmHg, respectively) than the DG group (11.18 mmHg), with mean differences of 1.13 (p < 0.05) and 1.22 (p < 0.001), respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in CCT in the analysis between DG (562 μ) and the other groups (control = 556 μ, FHG = 576 μ, GLD = 569 μ, OHT = 570 μ). The means of IOPg and IOPcc values were higher in the DG patient and suspect groups than in the control group, with statistically significant differences in all groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study presents corneal biomechanical values (CH, CRF), CCT, IOPg, and IOPcc for diagnosed glaucoma patients, three suspected glaucoma groups, and a healthy population, using the ORA. Mean CH values were markedly lower in the DG group (diagnosed with glaucoma damage) compared to the other groups. No significant difference was found in CCT between the DG and control groups. Unexpectedly, CRF showed higher values in all groups than in the control group, but the difference was only statistically significant in the suspect groups (FHG, GLD, and OHT), not in the DG group.

Effectiveness of neurobic exercise program on memory and depression among elderly residing at old age home

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Raj ◽  
Subramaniam Santhi ◽  
G. J. Sara Sapharina
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Interventional Group ◽  
Old Age Homes

AbstractObjectivesThis study finds out the effectiveness of neurobic exercise program on memory and depression among elderly residing in old age homes.MethodsThe non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for sample selection. Wechsler's memory scale (WMS-IV) and Geriatric depression scale (GDS) were the instruments used to assess the memory and depression among elderly during the pretest and posttest, respectively and the researcher had developed data sheet to collect information about the background variables using interview technique.ResultsThe neurobic exercise program was found to be effective in reducing depression among elderly residing in old age homes. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) in the level of depression had been found during the pretest and posttest in the interventional group. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) found between the study group and in the control group. There was significant correlation (r=0.417, p<0.05) found between the memory and depression during the pretest in the study group among the elderly. A statistically significant association (p<0.05) found in the mean scores of depression and marital status of the elderly during the pretest in the study group and there was a significant association (p<0.01) found in the mean scores of depression and the gender of the elderly during the pretest and posttest in the non interventional group were found.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that neurobic exercise program is an effective intervention in improving memory and reducing depression.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Tissue Response to Modification of the Surface of Dental Implants with Carboxyethylphosphonic Acid and Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor Immobilization (Fgf-2): An Experimental Study on Minipigs

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Javier Aragoneses ◽  
Ana Suárez ◽  
Nansi López-Valverde ◽  
Francisco Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Juan Manuel Aragoneses
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bone Contact ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant surface treatment with carboxyethylphosphonic acid and fibroblast growth factor 2 on the bone–implant interface during the osseointegration period in vivo using an animal model. The present research was carried out in six minipigs, in whose left tibia implants were inserted as follows: eight implants with a standard surface treatment, for the control group, and eight implants with a surface treatment of carboxyethylphosphonic acid and immobilization of FGF-2, for the test group. At 4 weeks after the insertion of the implants, the animals were sacrificed for the histomorphometric analysis of the samples. The means of the results for the implant–bone contact variable (BIC) were 46.39 ± 17.49% for the test group and 34.00 ± 9.92% for the control group; the difference was not statistically significant. For the corrected implant–bone contact variable (BICc), the mean value of the test group was 60.48 ± 18.11%, and that for the control group, 43.08 ± 10.77%; the difference was statistically significant (p-value = 0.035). The new bone formation (BV/TV) showed average results of 27.28 ± 3.88% for the test group and 26.63 ± 7.90% for the control group, meaning that the differences were not statistically significant (p-value = 0.839). Regarding the bone density at the interthread level (BAI/TA), the mean value of the test group was 32.27 ± 6.70%, and that of the control group was 32.91 ± 7.76%, with a p-value of 0.863, while for the peri-implant density (BAP/TA), the mean value of the test group was 44.96 ± 7.55%, and that for the control group was 44.80 ± 8.68%, without a significant difference between the groups. The current research only found a significant difference for the bone–implant contact at the cortical level; therefore, it could be considered that FGF-2 acts on the mineralization of bone tissue. The application of carboxyethylphosphonic acid on the surface of implants can be considered a promising alternative as a biomimetic coating for the immobilization of FGF-2. Despite no differences in the new bone formation around the implants or in the interthread or peri-implant bone density being detected, the biofunctionalization of the implant surface with FGF-2 accelerates the mineralization of the bone–implant interface at the cortical level, thereby reducing the osseointegration period.

Efficacy of Intravitreal Triamcinolone after or Concomitant with Laser Photocoagulation in Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Macular Edema

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdinc Aydin ◽  
Helin Deniz Demir ◽  
Huseyin Yardim ◽  
Unal Erkorkmaz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Laser Photocoagulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Intravitreal Triamcinolone ◽  
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean

Purpose To investigate the clinical effects and outcomes of intravitreal injection of 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) after or concomitant with macular laser photocoagulation (MP) for clinically significant macular edema (CSME). Methods Forty-nine eyes of 49 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and CSME were randomized into three groups. The eyes in the laser group (n=17), group 1, were subjected to MP 3 weeks after IVTA; the eyes in the IVTA group (n=13), group 2, were subjected to MP, concomitant with IVTA; the eyes in the control group (n=19), group 3, underwent only IVTA application. Visual acuity (VA), fundus fluorescein angiography, and photography were performed in each group. Results In the first group, the mean VA improved from 0.17±0.09 at baseline to 0.28±0.15 (p=0.114) and in the second group, deteriorated from 0.19±0.08 at baseline to 0.14±0.08 at the sixth month (p=0.141), respectively. In Group 3, the mean VA improved from 0.16±0.08 at baseline to 0.28±0.18 (p=0.118) at the end of the follow-up. When VA was compared between the control and study groups, significant difference was detected at the sixth month (p=0.038). Conclusions MP after IVTA improved VA, rather than MP concomitant with IVTA, and only IVTA application for CSME. MP after IVTA may reduce the recurrence of CSME and needs further investigations in a longer period.

scholarly journals Facial Profile Shape, Malocclusion and Palatal Morphology in Malay Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Banabilh ◽  
A. R. Samsudin ◽  
A. H. Suzina ◽  
Sidek Dinsuhaimi
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in facial profile shape, malocclusion class, or palatal morphology in Malay adults with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Materials and Methods: Subjects were 120 adult Malays aged 18 to 65 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 33.2 ± 13.31) divided into two groups of 60. Both groups underwent clinical examination and limited channel polysomnography (PSG). The mean OSA and control values were subjected to t-test and the chi square test. Results: Physical examination showed that 61.7% of the OSA patients were obese, and 41.7% of those obese patients had severe OSA. The mean body mass index (BMI) was significantly greater for the OSA group (33.2 kg/m2 ± 6.5) than for the control group (22.7 kg/m2 ± 3.5; P &lt; .001). The mean neck size and systolic blood pressure were greater for the OSA group (43.6 cm ± 6.02; 129.1 mm Hg ± 17.55) than for the control group (35.6 cm ± 3.52; 114.1 mm Hg ± 13.67; P &lt; .001). Clinical examination showed that the most frequent findings among OSA groups when compared with the control group were convex profiles (71.7%), Class II malocclusion (51.7%), and V palatal shape (53.3%), respectively; the chi square test revealed a significant difference in terms of facial profile and malocclusion class (P &lt; .05), but no significant difference in palatal shape was found. Conclusion: The null hypothesis is rejected. A convex facial profile and Class II malocclusion were significantly more common in the OSA group. The V palatal shape was a frequent finding in the OSA group.

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