scholarly journals From the History of The Study of The Saks’ Monuments in The Lower Syr Darya And Amu Darya Basins

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amu Darya ◽  
History Of ◽  
Syr Darya

HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN OF THE ARTIFICIAL IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN THE LOW OF THE AMUDARYA AND ITS FEATURES (VIII CENTURY BC - IV CENTURY CE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Nigora Egamberdieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
History Of

In the lower reaches of the Amu Darya, artificial irrigation was created on the basis of flood water management of the river. The first channels were wide and shallow. Saka was used for flood water management. Saka was invented by tazabagyabinces. Thechannels which derived from the Akchadarya Delta were strongly branched, and the main channels were derived from the Sarikamysh Delta

Application of the Commercial approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
S. Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Colorado River ◽  
River System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
The World ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity ◽  
Syr Darya

Chapter 4 provides a few case studies of rivers to illustrate the consequences of the Commercial approach. These rivers are: the Colorado River of the United States; the Murray-Darling river system of Australia; the Amu Darya and Syr Darya of the former Soviet Union; the Nile River of Africa; and the Indus River of South Asia. It shows that in each case, the application of the Commercial approach has led to river fragmentation and excessive withdrawal of water, leading to exhaustion of rivers, which in turn led to salinity intrusion and erosion, subsidence, and desiccation of the deltas. The ecology of the river basins has been damaged, including loss of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. In case of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers, this damage includes the destruction of the Aral Sea, once considered the second-largest inland waterbody of the world. In each case, the Commercial approach has led to conflicts among co-riparian countries.

scholarly journals Transportation Problems of Karakalpakstan in 1920-1930s

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-517
Author(s):  
A. Matjanov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Transportation Problems ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Transport Problems

The article analyzes the state of the national economy of Karakalpakstan in the 1920–1930s. It is emphasized that at this time transport problems arose in front of the Republic for the development of the national economy. A historical excursion to the history of traditional transport among the peoples of the lower reaches of the Amu Darya is carried out. It is noted that before industrialization it was necessary to solve transport problems. Some concepts of scientists on the development of transport in Karakalpakstan are analyzed.

scholarly journals A novel causal structure-based framework for comparing basin-wide water-energy-food-ecology nexuses applied to the data-limited Amu Darya and Syr Darya river basins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyang Shi ◽  
Geping Luo ◽  
Hongwei Zheng ◽  
Chunbo Chen ◽  
Jie Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Upstream Reservoir ◽  
Syr Darya

Abstract. The previous comparative studies on watersheds were mostly based on the comparison of dispersive characteristics, which lacked systemicity and causality. We proposed a causal structure-based framework for basin comparison based on the Bayesian network (BN), and focus on the basin-scale water-energy-food-ecology (WEFE) nexuses. We applied it to the Syr Darya river basin (SDB) and the Amu Darya river basin (ADB) that caused the Aral Sea disaster. The causality of the nexuses was effectively compared and universality of this framework was discussed. In terms of changes of the nexuses, the sensitive factor for the water supplied to the Aral Sea changed from the agricultural development during the Soviet Union period to the disputes in the WEFE nexuses after the disintegration. The water-energy contradiction of SDB is more severe than that of ADB partly due to the higher upstream reservoir interception capacity. It further made management of the winter surplus water downstream of SDB more controversial. Due to this, the water-food-ecology conflict between downstream countries may escalate and turn into a long-term chronic problem. Reducing water inflow to depressions and improving the planting structure prove beneficial to the Aral Sea ecology and this effect of SDB is more significant. The construction of reservoirs on the Panj river of the upstream ADB should be cautious to avoid an intense water-energy conflict as SDB. It is also necessary to promote the water-saving drip irrigation and to strengthen the cooperation.

scholarly journals Representation Of Archeological Monuments Of Khorezm Oasis In Written Sources (6th Century Bc –10th Century Ad)

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (11) ◽  
pp. 579-584
Author(s):  
Abdirimov R. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Sources

The historical and cultural centers of the lower Amu Darya basin and its geologically connected Sarakamishbuyi and Uzboy areas and the economic activities of the population living in their micro districts in the ancient and medieval times can be described on the basis of scientific conclusions based on theoretical comparative analysis of written sources. The article considers the history of coverage of archeological monuments of Khorezm oasis in written sources.

scholarly journals Shipbuilding in the Aral Sea and the Amu Darya River

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7679-7684
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Amu Darya River

This article is focused on the history of the emergence and development of shipbuilding in the Khorezm oasis in the 19th and 20th centuries. The history of Butakov's study of the Aral Sea and the discovery of sea routes in Amu Darya river has a two-hundred-year period. During this time, the navy and the seafaring reached a high level and almost ended. During this period, the major part of cargo transported to the Khorezm oasis by ships was a huge flotilla in this area. The deterioration of the ecological situation, the extreme degradation of the river and the complication of ships, the efficiency of rail, automobile, airfreight and passenger transport - all led to the limitation of ships' movement on the rivers of Central Asia.

THE ROLE OF THE AMU-DARYA WATERWAY IN CULTURAL-RELIGIOUS RELATIONS OF THE PEOPLES OF CENTRAL ASIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Shukhrat Allamuratov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
History Of

This article covers the history of the Amu Darya waterway and its role in the cultural and religious relations of the peoples of the region.

EXPLORATION OF THE EASTERN GATE AND FORTRESS WALLS OF THE MEDIEVAL CITY OF SYGANAK

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
K ZHETIBAYEV ◽  
B SYZDYKOV ◽  
M BAKHTYBAYEV ◽  
M GURSOY
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Political ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Syr Darya

The article, based on medieval historical sources and research conducted on the medieval city of Sygnak, provides a brief overview of the role and significance of the city in the history of the Kazakh nation.One of the major centers on the Great Silk Road, the most important city on the Syr Darya, Sygnak has long been a well-developed culture, economy, crafts and trade, agriculture and cattle breeding.In the XI–XIII centuries it was known as one of the centers of the Kypchak Khanate, in the XIV–XV centuries it was the capital of Ak Orda, and in the XV–XVI centuries it was the capital of the Kazakh Khanate, becoming the political and economic center of the khanate. The defensive system of the medieval city of Sygnak, including the fortified walls with gates, has not been sufficiently studied, therefore, within the framework of this topic, we decided to conduct research work, identify the specifics of the city's defensive system and introduce it into scientific circulation.The article examines the results of archaeological research carried out at the medieval settlement of Syganak, analyzes the architectural features of the eastern gates and fortress walls of the city, manufacturing technology and building materials. In addition, a comparative analysis of the Signak gate with the gates of medieval cities in the region was carried out and additional scientific conclusions were drawn. Based on field data obtained during the excavations, the chronology of the eastern gate and fortress walls was determined.

A century in synonymy: molecular and morphological evidence for the revalidation of Glyptosternon osсhanini (Herzenstein, 1889) (Actinopterygii: Sisoridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4277 (3) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
RYAN J. THONI ◽  
EVGENIY SIMONOV ◽  
OLEG ARTAEV ◽  
SHAIGUL ASYLBAEVA ◽  
SERGEK UULU AIBEK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
Morphological Diagnosis ◽  
Syr Darya ◽  
Amu Darya River

Exostoma oschanini, presently treated as a junior synonym of Glyptosternon reticulatum, is revalidated within Glyptosternon based on a phylogenetic analysis of the CO1 gene and morphological characters. Glyptosternon oschanini is known to occur in tributaries of the Syr Darya River in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan and may also occur in the Amu Darya River drainage. A morphological diagnosis and description are provided for G. oschanini. Exostoma gracile is a junior synonym of G. oschanini rather than of G. reticulatum. 

scholarly journals Approaches to Optimize Uzbekistan's Investment in Irrigation Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-147
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Optimal Investment ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
Original Size ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Syr Darya

For many decades, Uzbekistan has been one of the largest cotton producers in the world. The irrigation water needed for these high production levels has been delivered by the massive diversion of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, which naturally flowed into the Aral Sea. This diversion for agriculture was the main cause of the rapid decline of the Aral Sea, which is at only 10% of its original size today. The traditional method of irrigation, which relies on simple open canal systems, is highly inefficient for managing the region’s critical and limited water resource. It has been qualitatively estimated, for example, that irrigation water lost to evaporation and system inefficiencies is quite large. With the future availability of water at risk for agriculture in Central Asia, primarily due to the loss of glacial volume from global warming, along with declines in seasonal snowpack, it is clear that new approaches to water management are needed. Any serious efforts to restore the Aral Sea and its ecological services would also reduce supplies of irrigation water for Uzbekistan. While regional conflict over water is unlikely, it must be considered since Uzbekistan is a downstream country among several that rely on the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers for most of their water supplies. To insure against these risks to cotton production and the underlying economy, better irrigation technologies are needed across Uzbekistan. However, these technologies can be quite expensive, especially given that water is still nearly free. In this case study we explore the use of real options analysis (ROA) to look for optimal investment strategies in efficient irrigation technologies in light of variable climate and policy uncertainties.

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