scholarly journals STRATEGIES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAR NORTH AND THE ARCTIC: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-109
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Kondratov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Far North ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Implementing Strategies ◽  
The Arctic Region

In the 21st century, foreign states that have access to the Arctic ocean or declare themselves Arctic, as well as their associations and industrial corporations, have moved to an active phase of implementing strategies for the development of national Northern areas and Arctic zones. The socio-economic activities of states, as well as military and strategic preparations in areas near the Arctic Circle, are unfolding against the background of deep and irreversible transformations in the environment of the Arctic region. One example is the climate change, which is occurring in the Arctic at a rate higher than the global average, and the causes of which are not yet well known. The Northern states of Europe and America (countries with territories of the Far North or Arctic zones) are trying to resist natural challenges and fill in the gaps of knowledge about the changing natural and socio-economic environment of high latitudes. The purpose of the article is to analyze strategies for developing the territories of the Far North and Arctic zones in foreign countries, which is done with the use of comparative and analytical methods. The study examines foreign strategies published in 2000−2017, reveals their common features and differences. An attempt is made to typify foreign states claiming rights to the Arctic region and participating in projects for the development of its resources. Further scientific research within the chosen topic may be related to the analysis of the content and implementation of the Arctic development strategies abroad and in Russia.

Nuclear icebreaker fleet and power supply on the basis of floating power units

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
V. A. Tupchienko ◽  
H. G. Imanova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Far North ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article deals with the problem of the development of the domestic nuclear icebreaker fleet in the context of the implementation of nuclear logistics in the Arctic. The paper analyzes the key achievements of the Russian nuclear industry, highlights the key areas of development of the nuclear sector in the Far North, and identifies aspects of the development of mechanisms to ensure access to energy on the basis of floating nuclear power units. It is found that Russia is currently a leader in the implementation of the nuclear aspect of foreign policy and in providing energy to the Arctic region.

Using the results of dangerous cryogenic processes investigations in student education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Grebenets ◽  
Vasily Tolmanov ◽  
Vladimir Fedin ◽  
Anton Sinitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Far North ◽  
Student Education ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Cryogenic Processes ◽  
The Arctic Region

<p>The department traditionally holds specialized practices of cryolithology and glaciology. Recently, specialized field course (sometimes international) have been concentrated in the Arctic region of Russia in the south of Yamal. The studies were focused on the investigation of the permafrost features in the regions, on assessing the permafrost dynamics and processes, affected by the various number of factors.</p><p>Here, the results of studies dedicated to the assessment of dangerous cryogenic processes impact on the infrastructure of the far north are widely introduced. Unique studies of the level of deformation of the infrastructure of the northern settlements are carried out during the establishment and development of an unfavorable geocryological situation.  Monitoring observations are carried out both in natural and in urbanized conditions,  allow us to compare the intensity of the processes, evaluate the contribution of technogenesis and climatic changes.</p><p>Based on the research results, students and researchers receive the necessary data and field results for analyzing the dynamics and changes in geotechnical systems in the context of an increase in the technogenic press and temperature increase in the region.</p><p>Investigation is supported by the <strong>RFBR project 18-05-60080</strong> “Dangerous nival-glacial and cryogenic processes and their influence on infrastructure in the Arctic”</p><p> </p>

Comparison of the Nordic Chairmanship Programmes and the Outputs of the Arctic Council in 2000–2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-186
Author(s):  
Paula Kovari
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Foreign Politics ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Take All ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change ◽  
The Arctic Region

The impacts of climate change as well as the increase of economic activities call for effective governance of the Arctic Region. The Arctic Council is the predominant intergovernmental forum in the region. The rotating chairmanships of the Member States have a defining role in the work of the Council. This paper compares the Arctic Council chairmanship programmes of the five Nordic Countries with the organisation’s outputs following the two-year chairmanship periods as expressed in the ministerial Declarations and the SAOs’ reports. The paper finds that the discourse on the studied topics has developed greatly over time and despite the similarities between the countries’ foreign politics in general, there are some notable differences in the way the countries see the future of the Arctic – for example through the region’s vast natural resources or as a unique environment of the Arctic biodiversity. The conclusion of this research is that even though the chair cannot take all the credit for its accomplishments during the chairmanship period in question, nor can it be blamed for all possible failures, the chair’s work does leave its mark on the Arctic Council’s performance.

scholarly journals Influence of psychological characteristics of military services on the features of adaptation to the conditions of the Far North

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
P. V. Agafonov ◽  
Yu. Sh. Khalimov ◽  
S. V. Gaiduk ◽  
E. V. Kryukov
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Psychological Testing ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Far North ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
The Arctic Region

The aim of the study: to consider the main personality types, indicators of personal and situational anxiety in military personnel of fixed-term and contractual service, depending on the duration of their stay in the Arctic region, and also to assess the influence of the psychological characteristics of military personnel on the processes of adaptation to the conditions of the Far North.Materials and methods. Psychological testing was carried out on 249 male servicemen aged 18-31 years (average age 21.5±4.8 years) who served in the Far North (158 people) and in the Western Military District (91 people). Testing was carried out at the beginning of the service, as well as 6 months after the start of service in various regions. To study personality typology, the Abbreviated Multifactorial Questionnaire for Personality Research (SMOL) and the Luscher test were used, and the Spielberger-Khanin test was used to assess personal and situational anxiety.Results and discussion. The survey showed predominantly asthenoneurotic and epileptoid-excitable personality types among conscripts, which was combined with high rates of personal and situational anxiety. The six-month period of service in the Far North for conscripts was not accompanied by a significant decrease in situational anxiety, which may indicate a low potential for psychological adaptation to the harsh conditions of service in the polar latitudes. And, on the contrary, among contract servicemen, a 6-month service in the Arctic led to an almost complete return of the indicators of situational anxiety to the values of a temperate climate. Thus, the preferential direction for service in the Arctic for contract servicemen will speed up the adaptation process. To assess the dynamics of situational anxiety during service in the Arctic region, it is justified to conduct psychological testing with a frequency of 6 months, which will identify servicemen with low adaptive potential.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Polar Code: Functional Requirements Regulating Ship Operations in Polar Waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (0) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Espen Engtrø ◽  
Ove Tobias Gudmestad ◽  
Ove Njå
Keyword(s):  
Historical Review ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
Polar Code ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
Standards And Guidelines ◽  
The Arctic Region

In 2017, the The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) – a set of function-based regulations applicable to Arctic and Antarctic waters, with the goal of increasing awareness and improving safety for ship operations in polar waters – entered into force. This article examines the Polar Code’s contribution to the establishment of new standards and guidelines, with the problem under discussion being the extent to which the function-based regulations contribute to enhancing safety for ship operations in the Arctic, given that maritime activities in these waters are associated with great risks and uncertainties. The article gives a historical review, elucidating the background leading to the development of the Polar Code, followed by a review of the structure and key principles of the regulations. Further, ship traffic in the Arctic region and those subject to the Polar Code are examined, followed by a summary of findings and experiences from three survival exercises (SARex I, II and III), performed in northern areas around Svalbard between 2016 and 2018. The article concludes that safe ship operations depend on those subject to the regulations conducting thorough operational risk assessments that cover all potential hazards, in order to mitigate sufficiently. Further, the presence of authorities is found to be crucial, with validation of the adequacy and the dimensioning of the implemented measures being of the essence.

Comparative Legal Aspect of the Complex Requirements for Conducting Business and Operations in the Arctic Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
L.V. Soldatova ◽  
◽  
E.V. Ivanitskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Arctic Region

Development and improvement of the technologies in the field of geological exploration and mining, ship building, and navigation, along with the ongoing climate changes in the Arctic region, opened the new prospects. The region is involved in the active economic activities: new sea routes, discovery of large mineral deposits for the development, expansion of the opportunities for the scientific research. As the previous experience shows, the development of territories was often rashly in the pursuit of some resource, other natural resources and entire ecosystems were destroyed, the created economic objects caused harm to the human health and the environment, waste was accumulated, there were no conditions for normal life of people, etc. Conducted comparison study allows to note that all the countries are unanimous in their desire to develop the Arctic region based on the integrated approach gaining maximum profit while preserving nature and creating favorable conditions for human life. Each Arctic state developed the strategy that defines the goals, objectives, priorities, and areas of activity. In the future, in pursuance of strategic documents the programs are developed on the implementation of certain areas of development, regulatory legal acts are adopted, or the existing ones are supplemented in terms of establishing the requirements for conducting economic and other activities in the Arctic region. However, the detailed analysis shows that the normative regulation is not always consistent and transparent, considers the risks of conducting business and operations in a region with specific climatic conditions and a fragile ecosystem. In connection with this, the need in improving legislation is substantiated in order to actually provide an integrated approach to the implementation of activities in the unique region.

scholarly journals Soviet experience of development of the Soviet Arctic in view of modern problems. Review of Zubkov K.I., Karpov V.P. Development of the Russian Arctic: Soviet experience in the context of current national strategy (on the example of the Ural Far North and Western Siberia). Moscow: Political encyclopedia, 2019. 367 p.

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
M.G. Agapov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Far North ◽  
The Arctic Region ◽  
Soviet Experience

Discussed in this review are the results of the research presented in the monograph of specialists in North-ern studies K.I. Zubkov and V.P. Karpov «Development of the Russian Arctic: Soviet experience in the context of current national strategy (on the example of the Ural Far North and Western Siberia)». The reviewer notes that, in general, the study follows the pattern of state-centrism, teleologism and geopolitical alarmism typical for modern Russian Arctic historiography. Among the most important theses of the authors of this peer-reviewed monograph, are the following ones: (1) the transport and economic development was the basis of the Russian / Soviet Arctic exploration program; (2) the Soviet strategy of the Far North development dictated mainly the technocratic and commodity character of the territory exploitation; (3) modern Russia inherits the definition of the priorities of the state policy in the Arctic Region from the Soviet Union and relies on the territorial and production complexes cre-ated back in the USSR. The reviewer expresses serious doubts about the scientific productivity of the classic geopolitical paradigm used by the authors of the monograph: geared towards large-scale generalizations, it is simply unable to capture the full range of contradictions arising in the process of exploration of the Arctic Region. Hence the authors’ tendency to present the entire process of Arctic Region exploration as predetermined, while in reality the history of the Russian Arctic Region colonization is full of collisions; it is more intermittent than consis-tent. In particular, draws attention the constant reproduction of the same topoi in the rhetoric of Arctic Region ex-ploration. For example, from age to age, it has been repeated that the Northern Sea Route is just about to be-come the largest transnational waterway. The reviewer notes the ambiguity of practical recommendations of the authors. Thus, repeatedly expressing the idea of Russia’s interest in the international cooperation in the develop-ment of the Arctic, the authors are concerned to the same extent that foreign partners may force Russia out of the region. The review is aimed at opening a debate on approaches to understanding the Soviet experience in the Arctic Region development.

Prospects for the use of electro-technological heating systems in the arctic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
S. G. Konesev ◽  
P. A. Khlyupin
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Thermal Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Far North ◽  
Industrial Fire ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic Region

Introduction. The co-authors analyze the sources and consumers of thermal power in the Far North and the Arctic region. The co-authors describe industrial, fire, and environmental hazards coming from existing heating systems that consume burned hydrocarbons. The co-authors propose an alternative system that uses electro-thermal technologies.Subject of research. Electro-thermal systems designated for the maintenance of the operation of industrial and social facilities in the Far North and the Arctic region.Objective. Substantiation of the need to have flame heating systems, which are currently in operation, replaced by highly efficient, safe and eco-friendly electro-thermal heating systems in the Far North and the Arctic region.Materials and methods. The co-authors analyze thermal power generation in the environment characterized by extremely low temperatures.Findings. The co-authors describe several heating sources that comprise electro-thermal technologies, applicable in the Far North and the Arctic region.Conclusions. Electro-thermal heating systems boost heat transmission and power efficiency of heating systems due to their high controllability. They can also reduce the environmental impact, caused by strong heat flows produced by flame furnaces onto the climate of the Far North and the Arctic region.

scholarly journals ARCTIC ASSETS — TOWARDS SYNERGY OF TRADITIONAL PRACTICES AND MODERN TECHNOLOGIES (CASE OF LNG)

2020 ◽  
Vol 226 (6) ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
VALERY A. KRYUKOV ◽  
◽  
DZHANNETA D. MEDZHIDOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article covers the problems of determining and transforming the composition of assets that ensure the achievement of targeted economic and socially useful goals for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The authors justify the point of view, based on the necessary move away from using economies of scale in its pure form. This shift has two directions. The first one is towards the formation of the assets, combining the features and characteristics of the best up-to-date high-tech solutions. The second one takes into account the ‘transformity’, inherent in the traditional economic activities of the peoples of the North and the Arctic region.

Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Aerosol in the Arctic Region and Adjoining Seas along the Routes of Marine Expeditions in 2018–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-489
Author(s):  
L. P. Golobokova ◽  
T. V. Khodzher ◽  
O. N. Izosimova ◽  
P. N. Zenkova ◽  
A. O. Pochyufarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Region
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