scholarly journals Model of the object of temperature control by electrostimulating action parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-441
Author(s):  
V. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
E. S. Kuznetsova ◽  
V. E. Gromov
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Sample Length ◽  
Electroplastic Effect ◽  
Current Pulses

Technologies for pressure treatment of metal workpieces using powerful current pulses are becoming increasingly widespread both in Russia and abroad. Unique electromechanical processes are studied and improved in laboratory and production conditions. The process of applying an  electric current to the workpiece is accompanied by a change in its physical properties as a result of the so-called electroplastic effect (EPE). At   the same time, the temperature of the workpiece in the deformation zone increases. For high-quality and reliable operation of the drawing mill with electrostimulated drawing (ESW), it is necessary to use an automatic system for regulating the force and temperature. In order to implement the temperature control circuit, it is necessary to synthesize the transfer function of the control object – steel wire processed by pressure (rolling or drawing). Synthesis and analysis of parameters of the model of temperature control object are considered. The known relations are used: dependence of the pulse generator power on the calculated parameters (initial temperature, diameter, specific weight and electrical resistance of the workpiece, pulse duration); dependence of  the RMS current of the generator on the amplitude and frequency of pulse reproduction; dependence of the magnetic permeability of the workpiece on its temperature; and dependence of the specific electrical resistance of the conductor material on temperature. In MATLAB – Simulink medium, a model of the temperature control object is synthesized as a function of the parameters of generator of high-power current pulses (amplitude and frequency), as well as the parameters of the workpiece to be processed (diameter, sample length, linear velocity, initial temperature, and resistivity at the initial temperature). The model is analyzed, and transients under different operating modes are presented. Using the developed model, the dependences of the temperature, power, and equivalent resistance on parameters of the generator and the workpiece are obtained for different generator pulse frequencies and workpiece diameters. The developed model can be used for laboratory studies of the electroplastic effect, as well as in production in auto-control systems with electrostimulated drawing in order to implement the object of regulation in the form of a model.

XXXVII.—On a Sensitive State induced in Magnetic Materials by Thermal Treatment.

1908 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 615-626
Author(s):  
James G. Gray ◽  
Alexander D. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Steady Temperature ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Fatigue Effect ◽  
Stone Slab ◽  
Equal Temperature

SUMMARY1. Nickel and the Heusler alloy give “sensitive states” of nearly 2 and about 5 per cent. respectively for a magnetising field of 8 C.G.S. units.2. Steel wire specimens dropped vertically on a stone slab from a height of 1 metre showed a reduction of 37 per cent, in the “sensitive state” for a single fall, 49 per cent, for three falls, 62 per cent, for ten falls, and 73 per cent, for fifty falls.3. After the “sensitive state” has been removed from a specimen by the process of demagnetising by reversals, it cannot be completely restored by reannealing. That is, the specimens exhibit a fatigue effect.4. In the case of one variety of steel, the “sensitive state” had been reduced to less than one-half its original value after seven annealings, and to one-fifth after seventeen.5. No recovery from the fatigue condition was observed in specimens which had been laid aside for fifty-four days.6. Repeated annealings without intermediate magnetic testing showed neither an augmentation of the “sensitive state” nor a fatigue effect.7. Specimens demagnetised at −190° C., heated to room temperature, and cooled again to −190° C., showed a small “sensitive state” at that temperature.8. Larger effects were induced by heating from −190° C. to 15° C., or by cooling from 15° C. to −190° C.9. A “sensitive state” could be induced by any variation of temperature, but not by exposure to a steady temperature, either high or low. The effect is associated solely with change of temperature.10. The amount of “sensitive state” induced by equal temperature alterations varies with the position of the range on the temperature scale and with the material.11. The change from the “sensitive” to the normal condition is unaccompanied by any appreciable change in the specific electrical resistance or elastic constants of the material.

Experimental study of electroplastic effect on stainless steel wire 304L

2000 ◽  
Vol 281 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyi Tang ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Minxin Zheng ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Wei Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire ◽  
Electroplastic Effect

Practical Solution for Temperature Control for Inertial Object

2016 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
Jordan Mężyk
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Temperature Controller ◽  
Practical Applications

The issue of temperature control in the research devices is well known and well described in the literature. Yet in the practical applications, in every-day engineering practice there are situations where theoretical knowledge is not applicable in a straight forward manner and the proper settings of the controller parameters constitutes a problem to be addressed and solved with and individual approach. This article presents an example of commissioning of a heated test chamber that is a part of a research apparatus for testing the erosive wear of materials, developed and built at the Institute for Sustainable Technologies – National Research Institute in Radom.The test apparatus is used for eroding the surface of the tested sample with a stream of a mixture of air and an abrasive medium. The test can be performed in room temperature and in raised temperature, both for the ambient of the sample as well as for the air used to make a mixture. The maximal temperature allowed in the machine is 600°C, so the test chamber is equipped with a hermetic door and heat insulation. The construction of the chamber makes it very inertial in terms of heating and cooling, which makes the temperature control a bit challenging.The system is controlled with a PLC with software PID controller implemented in Temperature Controller library. The use of standard set-up of PID parameters resulted in heating with significant overshoot and long settling time which was unacceptable. Trials to tune the parameters with use of built-in algorithm resulted in slower heating and still didn’t eliminate the overshoot. The literature research and tests were performed to identify the problem and to implement simple solution.The article presents the selected results of the literature research and details on the performed tests. The algorithm of the final solution is presented and the characteristics of the heating process after the modification of the control algorithm. The final solution of the issue is an algorithm that uses the standard available temperature controller and the temperature monitor to influence the actions of the controller. The difficulties in identification of the control object (the chamber) caused the inability to solve the problem analytically, but the practical and empirical approach and several trials and errors allowed for the almost optimal control characteristics, which allows no overshoot and as fast as possible heating of the object.

MATLAB-Based Comparative Furnace Temperature Control Algorithm and Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 494-495 ◽  
pp. 1335-1338
Author(s):  
Xiao Yun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Furnace Temperature ◽  
Simulink Simulation ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Complex Temperature

Temperature control is critical temperature and the temperature of the two aspects. Temperature measurement is based on temperature control. However, due to the control object becomes more and more complex, temperature control, there are still many problems. In this paper, based on the use PID, Smith predictive control, Dalin algorithm comparative study of three algorithms for industrial resistance furnace temperature control system computer simulation design, and the use of simulation software MATLAB / SIMULINK simulation of the control algorithms, but also on advanced control algorithm is studied.

Furnace Temperature Control and Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 2492-2495
Author(s):  
Ming Yu Tong ◽  
Di Jian Xu ◽  
Jin Liang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

with the rapid development of science and technology, in all fields of temperature control system of the precision, stability and other requirements of increasingly high, the control system is the myriads of changes. Computer measurement and control technology, the traditional electronic measuring changed dramatically in the principle, function, accuracy and automation degree, degree of automation of the scientific experiment and application engineering to improve. Temperature control key lies in the two aspects of temperature measurement and control. Temperature measurement is based on temperature control, this technology is quite mature. But because of the increasingly complex control object, control in the temperature still exist many problems. This thesis presents the design of industrial temperature resistance furnace computer using PID algorithm, Smith predictive control algorithm, darin algorithm, three algorithms are studied based on the control system, and the control algorithm was simulated using the MATLAB simulation software, and the advanced control algorithm is studied [1-3].

Line Length Dependence of Small, Electromigration Induced Resistance Changes in Aluminum

1995 ◽  
Vol 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Kraayeveld ◽  
A.H. Verbruggen ◽  
A.W-J. Willemsen ◽  
S. Radelaar
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Boundary Diffusion ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Sample Length ◽  
Length Dependence ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Dc Current

AbstractTwo series of experiments were carried out to investigate the line length dependence of changes in the electrical resistance caused by passing a DC current through thin film Al conductors. First, the effect of adding side branches with a spacing of 5 μ m to 150 μ m long lines was studied. Experiments performed at T = 148 °C and at a DC current density of 0.5 MA/cm2 showed three effects due to adding the side branches: i) the magnitude of the resistance changes is reduced, ii) the resistance changes saturate on a time scale of one hour, and iii) the resistance changes fully recover after switching off the current. In the second series of experiments the current, temperature and line length dependence of resistance changes induced in short (3-100 μ m) lines between bonding pads were studied. For current densities smaller than a certain length dependent critical value the resistance saturates after applying the current and relaxes back to the original value after removing the current. The time to relax back, which is comparable to the time to reach saturation, is proportional to the sample length squared. This and the activation energy derived from the temperature dependence of the relaxation process suggest strongly that the observed time dependence of the resistance changes is determined by grain boundary diffusion (electromigration) along the whole length of the line.

scholarly journals High power current pulse generator based on reversible thyristor converter

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 964-971
Author(s):  
V. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
G. D. Polkovnikov ◽  
V. E. Gromov ◽  
V. A. Kuznetsova ◽  
O. A. Peregudov
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Automatic Control System ◽  
High Power ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Current Pulses ◽  
Thyristor Converter ◽  
Capacitor Charge

In metal forming using high power current pulses, it becomes necessary to control both reproduction frequency and pulse amplitude. Description of a generator of high power current pulses with controlled thyristor converter is provided as a power source of charging device (charger) for regulating voltage (pulse amplitude) of capacitor charge. Faults of the generators associated with inrush current in capacitor charge modes are revealed, which reduces quality of supply network. To reduce time of transient processes while lowering voltage across capacitors, application of reverse thyristor converter is applied as a power source. Structural diagram of generator is considered, which includes reversible thyristor converter with separate control, power unit, capacitor recharge device, charger parameters automatic control system and capacitor charge process control system. Calculation of parameters of automatic control system regulators is presented. To obtain optimal transients, standard methodology for setting regulators to a modular optimum was used. In order to reduce overshoot at time of disturbances appearance, which can reach 100 % and higher, socalled logical device was introduced into the automatic control system. It blocks control pulses on thyristors of converter and simultaneously reduces signal at the output of current regulator to zero. Simulation model of high power current pulse generator in MatLab – Simulink environment was synthesized. Analysis of the model was carried out, and graphs are given that explain principle of device operation and transition processes under various operating modes. Generator application will allow user to adjust amplitude of current pulses with high speed and to obtain sufficiently high-quality transient processes of capacitors charge (discharge), which will have beneficial effect on supply network. Application of better converters will significantly increase frequency of reproduction of current pulses.

scholarly journals Unjuk Kinerja Alat Pasteurisasi pada Proses Pasteurisasi Madu: Studi Kasus PT Kembang Joyo Sriwijaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Sasongko Aji Wibowo ◽  
Anang Lastriyanto ◽  
Erwan Erwan ◽  
Firman Jaya ◽  
Jati Batoro
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Heat Penetration ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
The Difference

One of the post-harvest honey processing processes is the pasteurization process. Pasteurization is the initial stage of honey processing before evaporation. The high demand for honey in Indonesia requires that honey producing companies must use pasteurization tools with large capacities and do not damage the honey content. Honey will be damaged if the pasteurization temperature is more than 70oC. In addition, the pasteurization process is also still a problem in the honey industry. Therefore it is necessary to make pasteurization tools with automatic and fast temperature control in the pasteurization process. The purpose of this study was to observe the rate of heat penetration into pasteurized honey material and the amount of honey weight pasteurized, then also measured changes in water content, viscosity, degree Brix, and density of density. From the results of measurements of heat penetration rates in pasteurization and conventional pasteurization devices, the difference in time duration on stoves 1, 2, and 3 to increase the initial temperature of 35 oC to 65oC respectively were 45, 45, and 42 minutes with a total of 101 honey, 22 kg while in conventional equipment takes 50 minutes to heat honey as much as 46,780 kg. Gas consumption on stove 1 was 0.291 g/(kgoC), stove 2 was 0.281 g/(kgoC), stove 3 was 0.285 g / (kgoC), whereas gas consumption on conventional stove was 0.272 g/(kgoC). The results of measurements of water content, viscosity, Brix, and density of density before and after pasteurization were as follows 21.99%, 4.835 poise, 63 obrix, 1.356 kg/m3, and 19.82%, 5.453 poise, 64 obrix, 1.358 kg/m3.

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