A RESEARCH PAPER ON SOLAR THERMAL CHIMNEY DESIGN

This work aims to focus on the real ground problem power and water the CAD design focused on the power in remote area and clean and drinkable water in coastline area of the world. This is conceptually investigating the solar chimney and designs the energy ow in evaluating the system's feasibility. The piece starts with creating a model of the solar chimney and its comparison to experimental observations, demonstrating that the results. The model represents a steady temperature and velocity inside the chimney, allowing for the development of a basic model of the chimney that provides accurate results. Finally, a modication of solar chimney and other systems put in a structure is simulated the uid collection and power generation.

Immediate and Lasting Effect of Cryoflow (IR Guided) on Pain in Patients with Frozen Shoulder: An Interventional Study

Background: Frozen shoulder is a painful and debilitating condition with an occurrence of 3% to 5% in the general population and up to 20% in those with diabetes. Physiotherapy has been established to be very effective in treatment of frozen shoulder. “Cryoflow IR machine is the first cryotherapy apparatus for cooling down free surrounding air with a biofeedback system, thereby it ensures a steady temperature on a treated area”. Hence, this study was conducted to study the immediate and lasting effect of Cryoflow (IR guided) on pain in patients with frozen shoulder. Aims and Objectives: To study an immediate and lasting effect of Cryoflow (IR guided) on pain in patients with frozen shoulder. Methodology: 15 patients of frozen shoulder were included by convenience sampling after taking ethical approval for the present study. The patients were given Cryoflow (IR guided) for 10 minutes. Study Duration was of 1 month. Pre and post interventional outcome measures in terms of VAS score at rest and during activity were evaluated immediately and after 24 hours of treatment. Results: Patients showed significant improvement when pre and post data were analyzed for VAS score at rest and during activity. (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Cryoflow (IR guided) has significant immediate and lasting effect (after 24 hrs) on pain at rest and on activity in patients with frozen shoulder. Key words: Frozen shoulder, Pain, Cryoflow (IR guided).

Sensory and Physicochemical Quality, Residual Fungicide Levels and Microbial Load in ‘Florida Radiance’ Strawberries from Different Disease Control Treatments Exposed to Simulated Supply Chain Conditions

Strawberries are greatly appreciated for their flavor and health-promoting properties. However, current agricultural and postharvest handling practices may result in decreased fruit quality. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of conventional or reduced fungicide applications on the quality of ‘Florida Radiance’ strawberries exposed to supply chain conditions. Strawberries held under steady temperature had better sensory and physicochemical quality than fruit exposed to supply chain conditions, regardless of the disease control treatment. Strawberries from the reduced fungicide treatment were firmer, lost less moisture, had higher sugar and higher or similar bioactive contents than fruit from the conventional treatment. Sensory scores were better for reduced fungicide fruit held under steady temperature conditions than other treatments at the consumer level. Microbial load increased during the supply chain but results strongly suggest that washing the fruit significantly reduces the microbial load and residual fungicide levels (fludioxonil, cyprodinil, pyraclostrobin, and captan) on the fruit. Overall, the use of reduced fungicide applications to control strawberry disease constitutes a promising alternative to conventional practices. It will help reduce costs by reducing labor and the amount of fungicides used while maintaining overall strawberry quality. Moreover, avoiding abusive and fluctuating temperature conditions during the supply chain will extend shelf-life and reduce strawberry waste.

Equilibrium and non-equilibrium furanose selection in the ribose isomerisation network

The exclusive presence of β-D-ribofuranose in nucleic acids is still a conundrum in prebiotic chemistry, given that pyranose species are substantially more stable at equilibrium. However, a precise characterisation of the relative furanose/pyranose fraction at temperatures higher than about 50 °C is still lacking. Here, we employ a combination of NMR measurements and statistical mechanics modelling to predict a population inversion between furanose and pyranose at equilibrium at high temperatures. More importantly, we show that a steady temperature gradient may steer an open isomerisation network into a non-equilibrium steady state where furanose is boosted beyond the limits set by equilibrium thermodynamics. Moreover, we demonstrate that nonequilibrium selection of furanose is maximum at optimal dissipation, as gauged by the temperature gradient and energy barriers for isomerisation. The predicted optimum is compatible with temperature drops found in hydrothermal vents associated with extremely fresh lava flows on the seafloor.

Impact of Heat Shield Thickness on Performance of Roll through Simulation

Rolls of the packing machine undertakes an imperative job in packing industries. So as to decrease the power input and reducingthe heat dissipation rate, there are numerous methodologies, for example, surface coatings, surface boronizing and with heat shields and so forth. This work is expected to reducethe power contribution to heaters by diminishing the heat dissemination rate utilizing heat shields with simulation of different thicknesses. There is a decrease of dissipation of heat by using Stainless steel 316 Ti (0.7 mm thickness) heat shields and there is a reduction of 13.9% in power input, 28% time saving and14% in heat dissipation rate is noticedwhencompared to standard rolls up to steady surface temperature where there is saving of 198W per hour in power after steady temperature. Hence an attempt is being made for improving results that are obtained from experiments by using simulation through ANSYS steady state thermal analysis. From the results it is inferred that as thickness of heat shield increases the input electrical energy for the heater goes on reducing and results shows that 0.7 mm thickness shield is 4.28% efficient than 0.8 mm heat shield. Further through simulation optimum thickness is was observed. But thickness is restricted to 1mm only because of machine specification complexity. Further the results of simulation for varying thickness are presented with contours of temperature distribution and heat flux.

AGROCLIMATIC RESOURCES OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY, AND THEIR DYNAMICS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC

For assessment of the dynamics of most prominent agroclimatic resources, the dates of the steady temperature transitions through 0, 5, 10, 15 °С and the sums of effective temperatures on the Izhevsk meteorological station over the period 1933-2018 were calculated. The values of the Ped index were determined for the whole territory of the Udmurt Republic according to data of 8 meteorological stations over the period 1961-2018. The dynamics of these parameters was analyzed. It was found out that the duration of the vegetation period increases, and the sum of active temperatures increases, reaching the maximum values in the last decade. At the same time, during the active warming phase, there is a tendency towards the increase of aridity of the vegetation period.

Heat Loss Characteristics of Pipe Flange Joints: Experiments and Simulations

Sealing performance and heat loss are important factors for pipe flange joints (PFJs) subjected to medium or high temperatures. Heat loss is of great interest in practical engineering for uninsulated PFJs. Since an insulation layer may degrade the sealing performance of PFJs, heat loss of PFJs was tested and simulated considering various ambient temperatures of −10 °C, 0 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C, with wind speeds of 0 m/s and 3 m/s and flange joint target temperatures of 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C. It is worth noting that the experiments were performed during summer for high ambient temperatures and during winter for low ambient temperatures. As expected, the steady temperature slightly increases with the increase of external ambient temperature. For the same flange joint temperature, a 3 m/s wind speed decreases significantly the steady temperature, especially when the higher target temperature is applied. If the external wind speed is 3 m/s and the flange joint target temperatures are 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C, respectively, the heat loss increases by approximately 38.4%, 30.7% and 23.6% when the ambient temperature changes from 30 °C to 10 °C. Moreover, the simulated temperatures agree well with the tested temperatures in most cases, and the average error is approximately 8%. The energy saving efficiency under the windless condition is approximately on average 26% higher than that with a wind speed of 3 m/s.