scholarly journals Manufacturing finished rare-metal products from natural raw minerals and artificial formations using innovation pyrochemical methods instead of conventional techniques

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Гелий Мелентьев
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plasma Chemistry ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Metal Production ◽  
Foreign Products ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Industrial Mineral ◽  
Metal Products

The author’s concept, showing the need to manufacture finished chemical and metal-ore products from the various types of Russia’s specialized rare-metal raw materials using direct physico-chemical dressing methods instead of producing mineral concentrates by conventional dressing methods, is presented. Arguments in favour of thermo- and pyrochemical methods for the deep processing of various natural and artificial raw materials using liquation melting, plasma chemistry and pyrolysis, are put forward. Examples, showing the use and efficiency of these methods for processing rare-metal resources, including recommendations for industrial mineral deposits to be exploited and waste from active mining companies, are supplied. The author recommends to revive and develop rare-metal production and to replace foreign products by Russian ones with regard for the increasing role of the state and applied science.

scholarly journals Industrial minerals of the Fennoscandian Shield and their contribution to progress in the mineral-raw materials balance of global economy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Владимир Щипцов
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fennoscandian Shield ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Industrial Minerals ◽  
Geological Evolution ◽  
Industrial Mineral ◽  
Environmental Requirements

The Fennoscandian Shield is a megastructure, which has actively evolved since the early stages of earth crust formation (> 3.5 Ga) and a sequence of geological regimes during subsequent geological evolution paralleled by the formation of various types of industrial mineral deposits. The paper shows the important role of the shield’s industrial minerals in the exploitation of global useful mineral deposits played for decades. The industrial mineral potential and its dependence on socio-economic conditions, environmental requirements and market demand are described.

scholarly journals Relations between the sensory properties and fat ingredients of lipsticks

OCL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. D502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène de Clermont-Gallerande ◽  
Sarah Abidh ◽  
Alexandre Lauer ◽  
Séverine Navarro ◽  
Gérard Cuvelier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Simplified Formula

Lipstick is a key product in the make-up sector. A woman applies lipstick to feel feminine and attractive. The sensation she perceives when she applies the product plays an important role in her attachment to her lipstick. The impact of the ingredients on the sensory properties and the quality of the lipsticks needs to be understood, so that the formulation can be more effective and the sensory properties can be precisely adjusted to the target market. During this study, multidimensional correlations were made between the percentage of ingredients, their physico-chemical specifications and the sensory properties of the raw materials on their own or the lipsticks. The objective of this study is to predict the sensory properties of lipsticks from the physico-chemical specifications of the ingredients. It is in effect quicker to access the physical data than the sensory descriptions. The lipsticks were made using a simplified formula, evaluated in a sensory analysis and their physico-chemical characteristics were measured. The relationships between the sensory properties, the ingredient specifications and their percentage of use in the formula were highlighted. The results confirm the major role of the viscosity of oils and the wax used in the formula on the sensory and mechanical properties of the lipstick. It is therefore possible to modify the sensory properties, for example to adjust the shininess of a lipstick, without altering its mechanical resistance. This opens up opportunities for developing innovative sensory textures in short lead times.

Peran Indonesia dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing Produk Kosmetik di Pasar Asean Melalui E-Commerce

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-186
Author(s):  
Tanti Nurgiyanti ◽  
Dwi Nur Laela Fithriya
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Foreign Products ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Asean Economic Community

Trade liberalization has been carried out through the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). Barriers to trade both goods and services are no longer found. Through market trade liberalization, ASEAN countries are increasingly open to competition. E-Commerce trade is a trade that was born due to the development of information technology. Through trade E-Commerce creates opportunities and challenges for countries in Southeast Asia. One product that is widely traded is cosmetics. The cosmetics industry has a strategic opportunity to increase the income of Southeast Asian countries, especially Indonesia. Promising markets, abundant raw materials and the ability to absorb labor are quite a number of industries to be reckoned with. It is interesting to study further the existence of strata that sells cosmetic products both at home and abroad through E-Commerce trading continues to increase. But on the other hand local Indonesian cosmetic products are not able to compete with foreign products. As a result, losses can be experienced by cosmetic products SME entrepreneurs. This study is intended to determine the role of the Indonesian government in enhancing the competitiveness of cosmetic products in the Asean realm as well as regulations that regulate cosmetics trade through the use of e-commerce.

scholarly journals Problems and prospects of import substitution in Russia: methodological approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 02029
Author(s):  
Natalia Bozo ◽  
Mikhail Maslov ◽  
Marina Tsoy ◽  
Vladislav Shchekoldin ◽  
Sergey Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Material Orientation ◽  
Methodological Aspects

At present, the role of Russia in the world economy is mainly associated with the supply of various raw materials to world markets, the share of which in the volume of Russian exports is more than 80%. At the same time, there is a rather significant processing sector of the economy in Russia. Since inertial development is aimed at simplifying the nature of the Russian economy and consolidating its raw material orientation, the development of manufacturing industries, at least at first, should be associated with protectionist measures and an active role of the state. The paper examines the existing approaches to the study of the problem of combining the principle of free trade and protectionist measures proposed by Russian and foreign authors and describes the methodological aspects of assessing the current state and prospects of implementing the import substitution policy in Russia.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL PROVISION OF GEOLOGICAL STUDY AND USE OF SUBSOIL: NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL EXPLORATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
A. Balega ◽  
S. Vyzhva ◽  
M. Kurylo
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
The State ◽  
State Service ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Financing ◽  
Special Competence ◽  
Mineral Base

The national experience of institutional support for the study and use of subsoil are defined. The subjects of interaction in the sphere of geological mining use are defined, the mechanism of interaction is shown. The institutional provision of the study and use of subsoil is divided into three blocks of influence: institutions of general competence, inter-sectoral institutions of special competence and sectoral institutions of special competence. The role of the State Service of Geology and Mineral Resources of Ukraine in the system of institutional support of geological study and use of subsoil is determined. The structure of the State Service of Geology and Mineral Resources of Ukraine was systematized and the basic functions and directions of activity are defined. It is revealed that state financing of development of mineral base of Ukraine takes place through the system of enterprises and organizations belonging to the State Service of Geology and Mineral Resources of Ukraine. The structure and features of geological services in Germany, Poland and Australia were investigated. In the course of this analysis, a number of typical and a number of distinctive functions were identified for the geological services of the above mentioned countries. The State Service of Geology and Mineral Resources of Ukraine does not provide a number of key and progressive functions in the field of geological study and use of subsoil, such as: monitoring the state of the market of mineral resources, popularization of the mineral raw materials complex and enhancement of the investment attractiveness of the mineral base of Ukraine. It is concluded that for the introduction of foreign experience, changes should be made to the structure of the State Service of Geology and Mineral Resources of Ukraine. The study of the functional experience and the role of geological services in Australia and Germany testify to the effectiveness of regional geological services in the development of mineral base of these countries. Since the decentralization process in Ukraine has not been completed, experience in providing broad powers to local government bodies, a mineral base cannot be easy implemented.

scholarly journals State Participation in Energy Security Provision of the People’s Republic of China

2015 ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
I. F. Rakhimyanova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
National Development ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Chronic Instability ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Urbanization In China

The author investigates the role and place of government in the modern energy sector of China. Due to unprecedented scale industrial processes of modernization and urbanization in China, high rates of economic development, the growth of living standards, China's dependence on energy imports every year is growing significantly. And this trend will continue in the coming decades, or even increase. In the foreseeable future, China will feel an acute shortage of energy resources. In this regard, there is a growing concern of the Chinese state-owned energy companies. Obviously, such a prospect is the Chinese leadership worries associated with the risk of failure in international transfers, chronic instability in the region, exporting energy, and the vicissitudes of the global energy. This problem is considered on the analysis of materials of the White books, special attention given to White book «China's energy policy - 2012». The article outlines the contours of energy security of China, the role of major players, including public authorities, government energy corporations, private businesses and the population. Particular attention is given to the Commission of National Development and Reforms, which main function is to form the five years' development plans. The special attention is given to the Concept of National Security of the China. Although attention is paid to issues related to the provision of energy interests of China abroad, including the production and transportation of energy resources, cooperation with governments of countries rich in raw materials. Analyzes the role of the state in providing control over the energy segment, in the framework of China's involvement to globalization process.

Activation of cytochrome c to a peroxidase compound I-type intermediate by H2O2: relevance to redox signalling in apoptosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Burkitt ◽  
Clare Jones ◽  
Andrew Lawrence ◽  
Peter Wardman
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Tyrosyl Radical ◽  
Compound I ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Physico Chemical

The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria during apoptosis results in the enhanced production of superoxide radicals, which are converted to H2O2 by Mn-superoxide dismutase. We have been concerned with the role of cytochrome c/H2O2 in the induction of oxidative stress during apoptosis. Our initial studies showed that cytochrome c is a potent catalyst of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin oxidation, thereby explaining the increased rate of production of the fluorophore 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein in apoptotic cells. Although it has been speculated that the oxidizing species may be a ferryl-haem intermediate, no definitive evidence for the formation of such a species has been reported. Alternatively, it is possible that the hydroxyl radical may be generated, as seen in the reaction of certain iron chelates with H2O2. By examining the effects of radical scavengers on 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin oxidation by cytochrome c/H2O2, together with complementary EPR studies, we have demonstrated that the hydroxyl radical is not generated. Our findings point, instead, to the formation of a peroxidase compound I species, with one oxidizing equivalent present as an oxo-ferryl haem intermediate and the other as the tyrosyl radical identified by Barr and colleagues [Barr, Gunther, Deterding, Tomer and Mason (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 15498-15503]. Studies with spin traps indicated that the oxo-ferryl haem is the active oxidant. These findings provide a physico-chemical basis for the redox changes that occur during apoptosis. Excessive changes (possibly catalysed by cytochrome c) may have implications for the redox regulation of cell death, including the sensitivity of tumour cells to chemotherapeutic agents.

Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina ◽  
I. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
The West ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Context

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.

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