scholarly journals Co-pyrolysis of Heavy Aromatic Waste and Polystyrene: Analysis of Liquid Product via GC-MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesut ARDIÇ ◽  
Gamze ÖZÇAKIR ◽  
Ali KARADUMAN
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Product

scholarly journals Changes in properties of tar obtained during underground coal gasification process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Wiatowski ◽  
Roksana Muzyka ◽  
Krzysztof Kapusta ◽  
Maciej Chrubasik
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Product Separator

AbstractIn this study, the composition of tars collected during a six-day underground coal gasification (UCG) test at the experimental mine ‘Barbara’ in Poland in 2013 was examined. During the test, tar samples were taken every day from the liquid product separator and analysed by the methods used for testing properties of typical coke oven (coal) tar. The obtained results were compared with each other and with the data for coal tar. As gasification progressed, a decreasing trend in the water content and an increasing trend in the ash content were observed. The tars tested were characterized by large changes in the residue after coking and content of parts insoluble in toluene and by smaller fluctuations in the content of parts insoluble in quinoline. All tested samples were characterized by very high distillation losses, while for samples starting from the third day of gasification, a clear decrease in losses was visible. A chromatographic analysis showed that there were no major differences in composition between the tested tars and that none of the tar had a dominant component such as naphthalene in coal tar. The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in UCG tars is several times lower than that in coal tar. No light monoaromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes—BTEX) were found in the analysed tars, which results from the fact that these compounds, due to their high volatility, did not separate from the process gas in the liquid product separator.

scholarly journals Suppressing the liquid product crossover in electrochemical CO 2 reduction

SmartMat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Rui Kai Miao ◽  
Geonhui Lee ◽  
Alberto Vomiero ◽  
David Sinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Product

scholarly journals Mass yield of biochar from hydrothermal carbonization of sucrose

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Velebil ◽  
J. Malaťák ◽  
J. Bradna
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Batch Experiments

In this article, the effect of increasing dry matter content and reaction time of hydrothermal carbonization on mass yield of biochar was studied. Carbonization took place in batch experiments in a pressure vessel. Results have confirmed the assumption that the mass yield of biochar would increase with growing dry matter content in the initial solution and also with reaction time at reaction temperature of 200°C. It was found that components of the liquid product that remain in the biochar have a measurable impact on its mass yield. Mixing of the reactor proved to have a considerable effect on the mass yield as well. Biochar produced in absence of mixing had higher pore volume and higher yield. This was evident even after subtracting the equivalent liquid phase dry matter in the biochar after drying.

Analysis and Characterization of Solid and Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Chicken Feather and Blood Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Agus Kuncaka ◽  
Rizky Ibnufaatih Arvianto ◽  
Almas Shafira Ramadhanty Bunga Latifa ◽  
Munawir Ramadhan Rambe ◽  
Adhitasari Suratman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Solid Product ◽  
Chicken Waste ◽  
20 Nm

Conversion of feather and blood from chicken slaughterhouse waste for producing solid and liquid organic fertilizer excluding composting process with a variation of the mass ratio of feather and blood of a chicken has been conducted. The nitrogen, sulfur, and iron content in the solid and liquid product of the hydrothermal carbonization process were analyzed to identify and characterize the possibility of hydrolysate as a source of nitrogen, sulfur, and iron in soil fertilizer. Feather and blood of chicken waste were introduced to a hydrothermal carbonization reactor with the addition of limestone at a temperature range of 160–170 °C for the preparation of solid and liquid organic fertilizer. According to the FTIR interpretation, the solid product had functional groups such as NH, OH, CH sp3, SH, C=O, C=C, C–O–C, and C–H aromatic. The nitrogen, sulfur, and iron content of the optimal ratio in the solid phase were 4.67%, 1.63%, and 3694.56 ppm, while their contents in the liquid fertilizer were 3.76%, 1.80%, and 221.56 ppm, respectively. The vibration of 478 cm–1 is attributed to Fe–O paramagnetic (Fe2O3) confirmed by TEM images showed the diameter size less than 20 nm indicating the presence of superparamagnetic material.

Fatigue Evaluation of API 12F Shop-Welded Tanks With a New Roof-to-Shell Junction Detail

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heyi Feng ◽  
Sukru Guzey
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Liquid Height ◽  
Operation Pressure ◽  
Publishing Services ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation

Abstract The American Petroleum Institute (API) provides a series of standards and specifications on storage tanks, in which the API 12F specification provides 12 tank designs that can be fabricated in the shop and transported to the field. The nominal capacity of the 12 API 12F tank designs ranges from 90 bbl (14.3 m3) to 1000 bbl (158.99 m3). The minimum required thickness and operational pressure levels that each tank case can sustain are given in Table 1 of the current 13th edition of API 12F (API, 2019, “API 12F Specification for Shop-Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids,” 13th ed., API Publishing Services, Washington, DC, Standard No. API 12F). The objective of this study is to estimate the fatigue life of API 12F tanks under normal operation pressure cycles following the procedure presented in ASME VIII-2. The stored liquid product specific gravity is assumed to be 1.2 when the liquid height is half of the tank height, while the specific gravity is assumed to be 0.7 when the stored liquid height is 18 in. (460 mm). Meanwhile, a new roof–shell attachment detail is proposed in this study, the new rectangular cleanout junction detail presented in the 13th edition of API 12F is modeled, and various component thickness combinations are considered to investigate the effect of component thickness on fatigue life. The roof–shell joint (top junction) and shell–bottom plate (bottom junction) are studied by axisymmetric models under axisymmetric idealization as they are away from the cleanout junction, while the cleanout junction is studied by applying a submodeling technique. Stress classification is performed at each location of interest to obtain the stress components to calculate the stress range within each loading cycle that is needed to perform fatigue evaluation. The results and discussion about fatigue evaluation of API 12F tanks are presented in this report.

Yields Performance of Automotive Paint Sludge via Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakiuddin Januri ◽  
Norazah Bt Abdul Rahman ◽  
Siti Shawalliah Idris ◽  
Sharmeela Matali ◽  
Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Automotive Paint ◽  
Optimum Weight ◽  
Paint Sludge

This paper reported on the product yield of automotive paint sludge via microwave assisted pyrolysis. By having an optimum weight sample loading and power level at 500g and 1000W respectively, optimum product in terms of liquid yields has been obtained. This desired liquid product comprised hydrocarbon material since it contains oil layer and almost 40% of the product can be recovered from the automotive paint sludge with an optimum microwave parameter. Furthermore, the liquid product has a potential to be used as fuel since it exhibit high energy content at 22.6 MJ/kg.

Study on the Hydrotreating Catalysts Containing Phosphorus of Coal Tar to Clean Fuels

2012 ◽  
Vol 531 ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Hua Zhang ◽  
Yi Min Cao ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Li Jun Li ◽  
Chun Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Coal Tar ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Temperature Programming ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Hydrotreating Catalyst ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Hydrogenation Reactions ◽  
Catalytic Hydrotreating

The effect of phosphorus catalysts for hydrogenation reactions were studied in this work. Different catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 containing phosphorus (WNiP/γ-Al2O3, MoNiP/γ-Al2O3, WMoNiP/γ-Al2O3 and WMoCoP/γ-Al2O3) were prepared through ultrasonic-assisted impregnation and temperature-programming methods. The catalytic hydrotreating reaction are under the reaction conditions of PH2=9MPa, Thf=370oC, space velocity=0.5h-1, and H2/oil ratio=1400. Gasoline (≤180oC) and diesel (180–360oC) are separated from the liquid product. The fractions were characterized by Elemental analysis, FTIR, KY3000 S/N and GC-MS analysis. Though analysis of test results, it can be concluded that the WNiP/γ-Al2O3 is the excellent hydrotreating catalyst in this series at this reaction condition.

FOAM TEMPERATURES DURING VAT PASTEURIZATION OF MILK PRODUCTS

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
R. W. Dickerson ◽  
R. B. Read
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Liquid Surface ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Slow Heating ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
Foam Thickness

Heating rates of foam during vat pasteurization were investigated to determine whether shorter holding times and higher processing temperatures would be feasible from a public health standpoint. A rake of 19 thermocouples, spaced 0.5 inch apart, was installed vertically in a 300-gal vat pasteurizer and the rake was adjusted to measure the temperature of the heated airspace, foam, and liquid product. With 200 gal of ice cream mix (16% milk fat), an 11-inch foam was generated on the liquid surface. The minimum temperature in the ice cream mix foam was below pasteurization temperature for 27 min of the 30-min holding period despite satisfactory temperatures as indicated by the product and airspace thermometers. When a 7-inch foam was generated above 218 gal of chocolate milk, the minimum foam temperature was below pasteurization temperature for the first 14 min of the holding period. Attempts to generate foams on milk were unsuccessful. Because of the slow heating rates of milk-product foams, holding times shorter than 30 min cannot ensure the inactivation of microbial pathogens in the foam, and, consequently, they are not recommended. Some foams should be held longer than 30 min to ensure pasteurization, and additional holding time needed may be computed from known values of foam thickness, airspace temperature , and heating rate of the liquid.

scholarly journals Fractionation of Birch Wood by Integrating Alkaline-Acid Treatments and Hydrogenation in Ethanol over a Bifunctional Ruthenium Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1362
Author(s):  
Boris N. Kuznetsov ◽  
Sergey V. Baryshnikov ◽  
Angelina V. Miroshnikova ◽  
Aleksandr S. Kazachenko ◽  
Yuriy N. Malyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Ruthenium Catalyst ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the fractionation of birch wood into microcrystalline cellulose, xylose and methoxyphenols is suggested based on the integration of alkali-acid pretreatments and hydrogenation in ethanol over a bifunctional Ru/C catalyst. It is established that removal of hemicelluloses during pretreatments of birch wood influences the yields of the liquid, gaseous and solid products of the non-catalytic and catalytic hydrogenation of pretreated samples in ethanol at 225 °C. The bifunctional Ru/carbon catalyst affects in different ways the conversion and yields of products of hydrogenation of the initial and acid- and alkali-pretreated birch wood. The most noticeable influence is characteristic of the hydrogenation of the acid-pretreated wood, where in contrast to the non-catalytic hydrogenation, the wood conversion and the yields of liquid products increase but the yields of the solid and gaseous products decrease. GC-MS, gel permeation chromatography and elemental analysis were used for characterization of the liquid product composition. The molecular mass distribution of the liquid products of hydrogenation of the initial and pretreated wood shifts towards the low-molecular range in the presence of the catalyst. From the GC-MS data, the contents of monomer compounds, predominantly 4-propylsyringol and 4-propanolsyringol, increase in the presence of the ruthenium catalyst. The solid products of catalytic hydrogenation of the pretreated wood contain up to 95 wt% of cellulose with the structure, similar to that of microcrystalline cellulose.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document