scholarly journals The checklist of Hungarian bryophytes – second update

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-76
Author(s):  
Peter Erzberger ◽  
Beáta Papp
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

According to the checklist presented here, the bryophyte flora of Hungary consists of 2 species in 2 genera and 2 families of hornworts, 146 species and 3 additional infraspecific taxa (1 subspecies and 2 varieties) in 60 genera and 34 families of liverworts, and 521 species and 17 additional infraspecific taxa (5 subspecies and 12 varieties) in 186 genera and 64 families of mosses, in total 669 species, 6 subspecies and 14 varieties or 689 taxa. During the last decade, 40 bryophyte taxa (6 liverworts and 34 mosses) were added to the Hungarian bryophyte flora (Appendix 1.1), and an additional 19 taxa (4 liverworts and 15 mosses) that were already part of the Hungarian flora but not recognised in the previous checklist, are now incorporated in the list (Appendix 1.2). On the other hand, 29 taxa (7 liverworts and 22 mosses) must be excluded according to our present state of knowledge (Appendix 2). Another 13 taxa (2 liverworts and 11 mosses) that are at present not considered members of the Hungarian bryoflora are annotated in Appendix 3. They were not recognised in the previous checklist (with one exception), but are reported from Hungary in some literature and with five exceptions are also recognised in the European checklist. In many cases we have insufficient information to definitely decide upon their status. Annotations to all taxa listed in the three appendices provide additional information. In Appendix 4 to all names of bryophyte taxa that appeared in the previous checklist (except excluded taxa) the presently accepted names are assigned.

scholarly journals I.—Notes on the Phylogeny of the Graptolites

1895 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Nicholson ◽  
J. E. Marr
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future ◽  
Geological Magazine

Since the remarkable paper by Professor Lapworth “On an Improved Classification of the Rhabdophora” was published in the Geological Magazine for 1873, a great deal of fresh information has been gathered as to these interesting fossils; but the classification given in that paper, though to some extent confessedly artificial, is still generally adhered to. Observations made by the authors in recent years lead them to suppose that that classification will in the future undergo considerable modification; but in the present state of our knowledge it serves a purpose so useful, that it is not our intention to propose any immediate change in it. Our object, on the other hand, is to bring forward certain conclusions which we have independently reached, and which will, we believe, enhance the value of Graptolites to the stratigraphical geologist, and lead to results important to the biologist. Our conclusions are based upon an examination of a large number of forms generally referred to the family Dichograptidæ; but, as we propose very briefly to indicate, they affect the relationships of Graptolites belonging to other families also.

Terjemahan syat Mutashabihat: snalisis fungsi prosedur kksplisitasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-170
Author(s):  
Nasimah Abdullah ◽  
Lubna Abd. Rahman ◽  
Abur Hamdi Usman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Text Content

A mutashabihat verse (anthropomorphism) is a verse that contains many interpretations as it has various dimensions of meaning. Explicitation is one of the translation procedures introduced by Vinay and Darbelnet as an effort to make the target language readers understand clearly the implicit meaning contained in the source text. In other words, the implicit meaning contained in the source text can be revealed into the target text through this procedure. A translator whose role is to transfer the meaning of source text is always bounded by a certain ideology that will influence his translation works. This study aims to examine the forms of explicitation used in the translation of the mutashabihat verses in the Quran and relate them to translators’ ideologies. This study adopted a qualitative approach that led to the analysis of text content of the Quran, which is elaborated descriptively by selecting three (3) words found in the text of the Quran that is related to Allah, as the sample of the study which are )يد( ,)استوى( and (أعين ). The corpus texts used are the Malay Quran translation by Abdullah Basmeih, Mahmud Yunus, and Zaini Dahlan. The findings showed that the translation of the mutashabihat verses used various forms of explicitation to enhance a clearer understanding of the target readers to the meaning of the Qur'an, such as lexical specification, the addition of explanatory remarks, additional information in brackets and footnotes. In addition, studies found that Mahmud Yunus and Zaini Dahlan retained the meaning of translated mutashabihat verses literally without giving an esoteric interpretation of the Quran and sometimes inclined towards the ideology of al-Ta’wil. On the other hand, Abdullah Basmeih was more prone to the ideologies of al-Ta’wil and al-Ithbat bi Dawabit in translating the verses. ABSTRAK Ayat mutashabihat ialah ayat yang mengandungi banyak pentafsiran kerana mempunyai pelbagai dimensi makna. Eksplisitasi pula ialah salah satu prosedur terjemahan yang diperkenalkan oleh Vinay dan Darbelnet sebagai usaha agar pembaca bahasa sasaran memahami dengan jelas makna implisit yang terkandung di dalam teks sumber. Melalui prosedur ini, bentuk makna implisit yang terkandung di dalam teks sumber dapat dizahirkan ke dalam teks sasaran. Penterjemah selaku pihak yang memainkan peranan dalam memindahkan makna sebenarnya sentiasa terikat dengan ideologi tertentu yang akan mewarnai teks sasaran yang dihasilkannya. Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti bentuk eksplisitasi yang terdapat dalam terjemahan ayat-ayat mutashabihat dalam al-Quran serta menghubungkaitkannya dengan pengaruh aliran pemikiran yang dipegang oleh penterjemah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang menjurus kepada analisis kandungan teks al-Quran yang dihurai secara deskriptif dengan memilih tiga (3) perkataan yang dinisbahkan kepada Allah SWT yang terdapat dalam teks al-Quran sebagai sampel kajian iaitu lafaz )ىوتسا(, )دي( dan (أعين ). Korpus kajian pula adalah teks al-Quran yang diterjemahkan oleh Abdullah Basmeih, Mahmud Yunus dan Zaini Dahlan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa terjemahan ayat-ayat mutashabihat menggunakan pelbagai bentuk eksplisitasi untuk memberi kefahaman yang lebih jelas kepada pembaca sasaran terhadap makna al-Quran iaitu bentuk pengkhususan, penambahan maklumat, maklumat tambahan dalam kurungan dan nota kaki. Selain itu, kajian juga mendapati bahawa Mahmud Yunus dan Zaini Dahlan mengekalkan makna literal teks al-Quran tanpa takwilan dan kadang-kadang condong kepada aliran pemikiran al-Ta’wil dalam menterjemahkan ayat mutashabihat. Manakala Abdullah Basmeih pula lebih cenderung kepada aliran pemikiran al-Takwil dan al-Ithbat bi Dawabit dalam memberikan maksud ayat mutashabihat.

scholarly journals Sub-optimality in motor planning is not improved by explicit observation of motor uncertainty

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Ota ◽  
Masahiro Shinya ◽  
Laurence T. Maloney ◽  
Kazutoshi Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Motor Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Optimal Decisions ◽  
Decisions Under Risk ◽  
Motor Error ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Decision Tasks

Abstract To make optimal decisions under risk, one must correctly weight potential rewards and penalties by the probabilities of receiving them. In motor decision tasks, the uncertainty in outcome is a consequence of motor uncertainty. When participants perform suboptimally as they often do in such tasks, it could be because they have insufficient information about their motor uncertainty: with more information, their performance could converge to optimal as they learn their own motor uncertainty. Alternatively, their suboptimal performance may reflect an inability to make use of the information they have or even to perform the correct computations. To discriminate between these two possibilities, we performed an experiment spanning two days. On the first day, all participants performed a reaching task with trial-by-trial feedback of motor error. At the end of the day, their aim points were still typically suboptimal. On the second day participants were divided into two groups one of which repeated the task of the first day and the other of which repeated the task but were intermittently given additional information summarizing their motor errors. Participants receiving additional information did not perform significantly better than those who did not.

The Organisation of African Unity: A Progress Report

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Markakis
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
The Other ◽  
African Unity ◽  
Other Hand

The Organisation of African Unity is now three years old. In view of the nature of both its scope and its goals, it would obviously be premature to attempt an evaluation of this organisation at such an early stage. On the other hand, the O.A.U. has grown precociously since its birth in May 1963, and the time is ripe for a description of its rapidly multiplying organs, and for some preliminary observations of the multifarious activity in which they have been engaged. To state that the O.A.U. is still in the cradle stage of its development is to emphasise the obvious. It is hardly surprising also that it should suffer the pains of growth, which are likely to be rather severe in the case of a scheme so ambitiously conceived. These facts must be kept in mind while reviewing the O.A.U. at its present state of development.

scholarly journals VII. The aerodynamics of a spinning shell.—Part II

1922 ◽  
Vol 222 (594-604) ◽  
pp. 227-247 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Agreement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Force System ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Angular Oscillations ◽  
Shell Part

In a previous paper the authors, with others, have described observations of the angular oscillations of the axis of a 3-inch shell over the first 600 feet from the muzzle of the gun, and from an analysis of the observations have obtained information about the forces due to the air. In the experiments, shells were fired from two guns giving different degrees of axial spin to the shell. While the shells fired from the gun giving the more rapid spin were all stable, most of the shells from the other gun were slightly unstable, this condition being shown by the much larger maximum yaw developed. These unstable rounds were not analysed in (A) as no suitable method of doing so had then been devised. The analysis of these rounds, about one-third of the number fired, forms the subject of the present paper; the results confirm those of (A) and provide some additional information. The information as to the force system obtained from the stable rounds was confined to yaws up to 7 degrees or perhaps 10 degrees; by analysis of the unstable rounds this information is extended, though in a fragmentary manner, over the region up to 35 degrees of yaw. On the other hand, no information has been derived from the observed damping of the unstable rounds. The observations are, in respect of the damping, clearly in qualitative agreement with the theory and results of (A), but no method has been devised of making a quantitative analysis of the damping.

The Eucharistic Sacrifice— ‘A Live Issue’

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-384
Author(s):  
C. G. W. Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Conference Report ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ecumenical Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theological Students

The question of sacrifice in the Eucharist has been called by the Ways of Worship Commission of Faith and Order a ‘live issue’, that is to say a question over which agreement is not right out of sight though considerable and even vehement controversy continues. At Lund, the section considering Ways of Worship reported that they had held a lively and rewarding discussion on the subject, and had been surprised by the degree of agreement revealed; on the other hand it must be admitted that neither the discussion nor the resulting agreement are very apparent from the relevant chapter of the Conference report. This article is an attempt to examine the present state of the question against a background of ecumenical discussion, and to suggest ways of conceiving the Eucharistic Sacrifice which might be more widely acceptable than those commonly put forward by ‘catholics’ in the past. Its sources, besides a necessarily incomplete study of some of the more influential modern contributions to the discussion, consist mainly in discussions amongst younger theologians and theological students in the ecumenical movement. Whilst this group is not so learned as its elders, and its discussions are seldom recorded in print, its contribution can be a valuable one, because it is most sensitive to the issues which are now live ones, and also because it frequently seems to clear away misunderstandings more effectively and reach greater agreement than more senior groups.

On correlating aphasic errors with slips-of-the-tongue

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh W. Buckingham
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Slips Of The Tongue ◽  
Normal Language ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACTIt has been stated that the study of aphasia tells us little or nothing about normal language. On the other hand, it is commonplace to consider that slips of the tongue do. In this paper I show that many kinds of aphasic errors demonstrate precisely what slips in normals do. Consequently, it is not unreasonable to consider that the study of aphasia can indeed shed light on normal language processes as well as aphasic processes and can be handled in a framework designed to account for slips of the tongue in normal speakers. Similar “editing” mechanisms are needed for explaining the structure of errors produced by both aphasics and normals. Finally, it is suggested that this approach can help us further understand what is not abnormal in aphasia in general, as well as highlight the ways in which distinct types of aphasic “slips” can characterize different syndromes. Consequently, we will have gained additional information regarding the nature of aphasia itself.

Clay mineralogy and rock strength of a mid-German diabase: implications for improved quality control

Clay Minerals ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kaufhold ◽  
H. G. Dill ◽  
R. Dohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Rock Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Magmatic Rocks ◽  
Other Hand

AbstractBasalts and related magmatic rocks such as diabase are frequently used as raw materials in the building and construction industry as dimension stones or as aggregates, where they may form the sub-bases of roads or railway embankments. A major characteristic controlling the quality of the raw materials is the rock strength, which can be affected by the presence of swellable clay minerals (smectites). Increasing smectite content is generally considered to increasingly affect rock integrity. Industrial practice, in which the smectite content is monitored via cation exchange capacity (CEC) methods, on the other hand, showed that both mechanically stable smectite-rich and unstable smectite-poor materials exist. We therefore studied the CEC–strength relation based on twelve samples from a German diabase quarry.As could be expected, the sample with the highest CEC was the least stable. However, the comparison of the rock strength with the CEC of the other samples was less clear. Comparing the CEC of powders and of the 1–2 mm fraction of the same sample provided additional information. In the case of samples which are relatively stable (in spite of high CEC values), the CEC values of the powders were significantly higher than those of the 1–2 mm fraction. Samples with less rock strength, on the other hand, showed equal CEC values of the powder and the 1–2 mm fraction. This difference may be explained by different accessibilities of the smectites for CEC exchange solutions during typical experiments.In conclusion, the application of the CEC method for quality control considering both powdered and 1–2 mm samples allows a more precise estimation of the rock strength to be made, particularly for the comparison of different materials. Although measurement of two CEC values (after both sieving and grinding) would complicate quality control, the present study indicates that valuable additional information, i.e. semi-quantitative information on the accessibility of smectites, is gained.

scholarly journals Report on the Gynecological Department of the Peter and Paul Hospital for 1896

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-681
Author(s):  
O. A. Dobbert
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Present State ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Chief Physician

The gynecological department that had existed for many years in the Petropavlovsk hospital until 1896 did not, according to modern concepts, have an independent character, since, for reasons not subject to close examination, it was impossible to operate in it. With a few exceptions, all patients who needed surgical aid were transferred to the surgical department. Thanks to the efforts and cares of the Chief Physician A.O. Metzler, since March 1896, the gynecological department has at its disposal an operation and instrumentation that leaves little to be desired and meets all the requirements of anti- and asepsis. It is obvious how essential the latter circumstance is for the separation. Of course, the name of such an operator as K.P.Dombrovsky), who was in charge of the surgical department, attracted at one time quite a few operational cases. On the other hand, however, many patients were frightened by the transfer to an unfamiliar department and another patient, who could be relieved of her suffering with the help of an operation, left the hospital without operational benefits. At present, the appearance of recovering from surgery makes it easier for this or that patient to undergo surgical treatment. I am far from thinking to bow before the operative polypharmacy, but still I cannot but admit the fact that, given the present state of our knowledge, the center of gravity should be shifted to the operative part of gynecology.

scholarly journals When Emotional Intelligence Affects Peoples’ Perception of Trustworthiness

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-170
Author(s):  
Wing Shing Lee ◽  
Marcus Selart
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Exchange Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Affect Infusion Model ◽  
Practical Implications

By adopting social exchange theory and the affect-infusion-model, the hypothesis is made that emotional intelligence (EI) will have an impact on three perceptions of trustworthiness – ability, integrity and benevolence – at the beginning of a relationship. It was also hypothesized that additional information would gradually displace EI in forming the above perceptions. The results reveal that EI initially does not contribute to any of the perceptions of trustworthiness. As more information is revealed EI has an impact on the perception of benevolence, but not on the perceptions of ability and integrity. This impact was observed to be negative when the nature of the information was negative. On the other hand, information alone was shown to have a significant impact on the perceptions of ability and integrity, but not on the perception of benevolence. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are addressed.

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