Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and nervous system involvement: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, organization of neurological care

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.I. Gusev ◽  
M.Yu. Martynov ◽  
A.N. Boyko ◽  
I.A. Voznyuk ◽  
N.Yu. Latsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

FEATURES OF THE COURSE AND TACTICS OF MANAGING CHILDREN WITH KIDNEYS AND URINARY TRACT DISEASES DURING THE PANDEMIC OF NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
I.M. Kagantsov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Sizonov ◽  
V.G. Svarich ◽  
K.P. Piskunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Significant Health

The novel coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), which first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has been declared a global pandemic by WHO. COVID-19 affects people of all age groups. The disease in children is usually asymptomatic or mild compared to adults, and with a significantly lower death rates. Data on kidney damage in children with COVID-19, as well as the effect of coronavirus infection on the course of diseases of the genitourinary system, are limited, the risks of contracting a new coronavirus infection in children with significant health problems, including those with chronic kidney disease, remain uncertain. The pandemic has affected the activities of surgeons treating diseases of the urinary system in children. Since the prospects for the end of the pandemic are vague, it is necessary to formulate criteria for selecting patients who can and should be provided with routine care in the pandemic. The purpose of this review is to highlight the features of the clinical manifestations and treatment of children with COVID-19, occurring against the background of previous renal pathology or complicating its course.

scholarly journals Central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19: A systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan I. Guerrero ◽  
Luis A. Barragán ◽  
Juan D. Martínez ◽  
Juan P. Montoya ◽  
Alejandra Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
System Involvement

Abstract Background: SARS-CoV-2 can affect the human brain and other neurological structures. An increasing number of publications report neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19. However, no studies have comprehensively reviewed the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the central and peripheral nervous system's involvement in these patients. This study aimed to describe the features of the central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19 in terms of pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of all the original studies reporting patients with neurological involvement by COVID-19, from December 2019 to June 2020, without language restriction. We excluded studies with animal subjects, studies not related to the nervous system, and opinion articles. Data analysis combined descriptive measures, frequency measures, central tendency measures, and dispersion measures for all studies reporting neurological conditions and abnormal ancillary tests in patients with confirmed COVID-19.Results: A total of 143 observational and descriptive studies reported central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19 in 10723 patients. Fifty-one studies described pathophysiologic mechanisms of neurological involvement by COVID-19, 119 focused on clinical manifestations, 4 described neuropathology findings, 62 described neuroimaging findings, 28 electrophysiology findings, and 60 studies reported cerebrospinal fluid results. The reviewed studies reflect a significant prevalence of the nervous system's involvement in patients with COVID-19, ranging from 22.5% to 36.4% among different studies, without mortality rates explicitly associated with neurological involvement by SARS-COV-2. We thoroughly describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of neurological involvement in these patients. Conclusions: Our evidence synthesis led to a categorical analysis of the central and peripheral involvement by COVID-19 and provided a comprehensive explanation of the reported pathophysiological mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause neurological impairment. International collaborative efforts and exhaustive neurological registries will enhance the translational knowledge of COVID-19's CNS and PNS involvement and generate strategies for therapeutic decision-making.Registration: This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020193140), July 24, 2020.

scholarly journals Clinical manifestations of peripheral nervous system involvement in human chronic chagas disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Genovese ◽  
Carlos Ballario ◽  
Ruben Storino ◽  
Elsa Segura ◽  
Roberto E. R. Sica
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
Sensory Action ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

We conducted a clinical and electromyographical study in patients with Chagas' disease in the indeterminate or chronic stages of the illness. Altogether 841 patients were examined. Only 511 were admitted within the protocol; the remainder patients were rejected because they showed other causes able to damage the nervous system. Fifty two (10.17%) out of the 511 patients showed signs and symptoms of peripheral nervous system involvement in the form of sensory impairment and diminished tendon jerks suggesting the presence of neuropathy. Forty five of them were submitted to a conventional electromyographical examination. Fifteen of mem showed normal results, while the remainder 30 disclosed a reduced interference pattern, being most of the remaining motor unit potentials fragmented or poliphasic, reduced sensory and motor conduction velocities and diminished amplitude of the sensory action potential. The findings suggest that some chagasic patients in the indeterminate or chronic stages of the disease may develop a clinical mild sensory-motor peripheral neuropathy.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection of the nervous system: A review of the literature on neurological involvement in novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Oliver Payus ◽  
Constance Liew Sat Lin ◽  
Malehah Mohd Noh ◽  
Mohammad Saffree Jeffree ◽  
Raymond Azman Ali
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
The Novel ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
System A ◽  
Altered Mental State ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is believed to have emerged from an animal source and has been spreading rapidly among humans. Recent evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 exhibits neurotropic properties and causes neurological diseases. Here we review the literature on neurological involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infections and the possible mechanisms of invasion of the nervous system by this virus, to provide a summary and critical analysis of the early reporting of neurological involvement in COVID-19. An exhaustive search of scientific articles on neurological involvement in COVID-19 was performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline/PubMed, and several other databases. Nineteen relevant articles that had been published or were in preprint were carefully selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on our research, we found that patients with COVID-19 can present with neurological symptoms that can be broadly divided into central nervous system involvement, such as headache, dizziness, altered mental state, and disorientation, and peripheral nervous system involvement, such as anosmia and hypogeusia. Most of these patients are in the older age group and exhibit comorbidities, especially hypertension, and severe infection. In extreme presentations of COVID-19, some patients exhibit seizures, stroke, flaccid paraparesis, corticospinal weakness, and even coma. Moreover, the neurological manifestations can occur independently of the respiratory system. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause multiple neurological syndromes in a more complex presentation. Therefore, this review elucidated the involvement of the nervous system in SARS-CoV-2 infection and will hopefully help improve the management of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4168
Author(s):  
Chandra Wirawan ◽  
Shierly .
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Oculomotor Nerve Palsy ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Muscle Involvement ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Related Pathway

The emerge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), previously known as novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has spread throughout the world. COVID-19 is known to cause respiratory disease. However, several scientific studies have shown nervous system involvement in COVID-19 infection. The potential mechanisms of this infectious disease transmission to the brain are through infected olfactory epithelium, hematogenous spread and immune-related pathway. Nervous system involvement in COVID-19 infection can be classified as central nervous system (CNS) involvement, peripheral nervous system involvement (PNS) and muscle. CNS involvement, including headache, cerebrovascular disease, impaired consciousness, meningitis, encephalitis, dizziness and seizure. PNS manifestations, such as anosmia, ageusia or dysgeusia, oculomotor nerve palsy and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Myalgia or arthralgia is the most common presentation of muscle involvement in COVID-19 infection. This review concludes that neurological disorders as COVID-19 clinical features must be recognized by medical professionals in order to have appropriate diagnosis and treatment so that COVID-19 patients can have better prognosis.

scholarly journals Towards Central Nervous System Involvement in Adults with Hereditary Myopathies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-393
Author(s):  
Jens Reimann ◽  
Cornelia Kornblum
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

There is increasing evidence of central nervous system involvement in numerous neuromuscular disorders primarily considered diseases of skeletal muscle. Our knowledge on cerebral affection in myopathies is expanding continuously due to a better understanding of the genetic background and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Intriguingly, there is a remarkable overlap of brain pathology in muscular diseases with pathomechanisms involved in neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disorders. A rapid progress in advanced neuroimaging techniques results in further detailed insight into structural and functional cerebral abnormalities. The spectrum of clinical manifestations is broad and includes movement disorders, neurovascular complications, paroxysmal neurological symptoms like migraine and epileptic seizures, but also behavioural abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction. Cerebral involvement implies a high socio-economic and personal burden in adult patients sometimes exceeding the everyday challenges associated with muscle weakness. It is especially important to clarify the nature and natural history of brain affection against the background of upcoming specific treatment regimen in hereditary myopathies that should address the brain as a secondary target. This review aims to highlight the character and extent of central nervous system involvement in patients with hereditary myopathies manifesting in adulthood, however also includes some childhood-onset diseases with brain abnormalities that transfer into adult neurological care.

SOME ASPECTS OF ETHIOPATHOGENESIS OF NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN CORONAVIRUS INFECTION AND STUDY OF THE EXPRESSION AND PREVALENCE OF SMELLAND TASTE IMPAIRMENTS IN PATIENTS WITH SARS-COV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Markhamat Yakubova ◽  
◽  
Munis Fayzieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Insufficient Data ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Taste Disorders ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Smell Disorders ◽  
Taste And Smell ◽  
Systematic Database

The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it causes, COVID-19, along with damage to the respiratory system, sometimes leads to nervous system disorders. The loss of smell and taste in COVID-19 is most likely of a perceptual nature. Because of the active accumulation of information about the symptomatology of this nosology, data appeared on the characteristic manifestations of thedisease in mild and moderate cases, in particular, on the violation of taste and smell. Although there is currently insufficient data to determine the exact mechanisms of anosmia and ageusia in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, there are studies that support certain theories. This paper presents the results of a systematic database review of COVID-19 taste and smell disorders. The article analyzes information on the etiopathogenic aspects of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and data on the severity and prevalence of smell and taste disorders in patients with coronavirus.Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, novel coronavirus infection, loss of smell and taste, anosmia, hypogeusia, ACE2 receptors

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