scholarly journals Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4168
Author(s):  
Chandra Wirawan ◽  
Shierly .
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Oculomotor Nerve Palsy ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Muscle Involvement ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Related Pathway

The emerge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), previously known as novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has spread throughout the world. COVID-19 is known to cause respiratory disease. However, several scientific studies have shown nervous system involvement in COVID-19 infection. The potential mechanisms of this infectious disease transmission to the brain are through infected olfactory epithelium, hematogenous spread and immune-related pathway. Nervous system involvement in COVID-19 infection can be classified as central nervous system (CNS) involvement, peripheral nervous system involvement (PNS) and muscle. CNS involvement, including headache, cerebrovascular disease, impaired consciousness, meningitis, encephalitis, dizziness and seizure. PNS manifestations, such as anosmia, ageusia or dysgeusia, oculomotor nerve palsy and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Myalgia or arthralgia is the most common presentation of muscle involvement in COVID-19 infection. This review concludes that neurological disorders as COVID-19 clinical features must be recognized by medical professionals in order to have appropriate diagnosis and treatment so that COVID-19 patients can have better prognosis.

Lyme Disease: Acute Focal Meningoencephalitis in a Child

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-934
Author(s):  
HENRY M. FEDER ◽  
EDWIN L. ZALNERAITIS ◽  
LOUIS REIK
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Csf Pleocytosis ◽  
The Brain

Nervous system involvement in Lyme disease was originally described as meningitis, cranial neuritis, and radiculoneuritis,1-3 but Lyme disease can also involve the brain parenchyma. We describe a child whose first manifestation of Lyme disease was an acute, focal meningoencephalitis with signs and symptoms such as fever, headache, slurred speech, hemiparesis, seizure, and CSF pleocytosis. CASE REPORT A 7-year-old boy was hospitalized Aug 27, 1985, because of hemiparesis. Six weeks prior to admission he had vacationed at Old Lyme, CT. There was no history of rash or tick bite. He had been well until eight hours prior to admission when fever and headache developed.

scholarly journals 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Review of the Current Literature and Built Environment (BE) Considerations to Reduce Transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Dietz ◽  
Patrick F. Horve ◽  
David Coil ◽  
Mark Fretz ◽  
Jonathan Eisen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

With the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that results in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), corporate entities, federal, state, county and city governments, universities, school districts, places of worship, prisons, health care facilities, assisted living organizations, daycares, homeowners, and other building owners and occupants have an opportunity to reduce the potential for transmission through built environment (BE) mediated pathways. Over the last decade, substantial research into the presence, abundance, diversity, function, and transmission of microbes in the BE has taken place and revealed common pathogen exchange pathways and mechanisms. In this paper, we synthesize this microbiology of the BE research and the known information about SARS-CoV-2 to provide actionable and achievable guidance to BE decision makers, building operators, and all indoor occupants attempting to minimize infectious disease transmission through environmentally mediated pathways. We believe this information is useful to corporate and public administrators and individuals responsible for building operations and environmental services in their decision-making process about the degree and duration of social-distancing measures during viral epidemics and pandemics.

scholarly journals 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Dietz ◽  
Patrick F. Horve ◽  
David Coil ◽  
Mark Fretz ◽  
Jonathan Eisen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

With the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that results in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), corporate entities, federal, state, county and city governments, universities, school districts, places of worship, prisons, health care facilities, assisted living organizations, daycares, homeowners, and other building owners and occupants have an opportunity to reduce the potential for transmission through built environment (BE) mediated pathways. Over the last decade, substantial research into the presence, abundance, diversity, function, and transmission of microbes in the BE has taken place and revealed common pathogen exchange pathways and mechanisms. In this paper, we synthesize this microbiology of the BE research and the known information about SARS-CoV-2 to provide actionable and achievable guidance to BE decision makers, building operators, and all indoor occupants attempting to minimize infectious disease transmission through environmentally mediated pathways. We believe this information is useful to corporate and public administrators and individuals responsible for building operations and environmental services in their decision-making process about the degree and duration of social-distancing measures during viral epidemics and pandemics.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection of the nervous system: A review of the literature on neurological involvement in novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Oliver Payus ◽  
Constance Liew Sat Lin ◽  
Malehah Mohd Noh ◽  
Mohammad Saffree Jeffree ◽  
Raymond Azman Ali
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
The Novel ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
System A ◽  
Altered Mental State ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is believed to have emerged from an animal source and has been spreading rapidly among humans. Recent evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 exhibits neurotropic properties and causes neurological diseases. Here we review the literature on neurological involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infections and the possible mechanisms of invasion of the nervous system by this virus, to provide a summary and critical analysis of the early reporting of neurological involvement in COVID-19. An exhaustive search of scientific articles on neurological involvement in COVID-19 was performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline/PubMed, and several other databases. Nineteen relevant articles that had been published or were in preprint were carefully selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on our research, we found that patients with COVID-19 can present with neurological symptoms that can be broadly divided into central nervous system involvement, such as headache, dizziness, altered mental state, and disorientation, and peripheral nervous system involvement, such as anosmia and hypogeusia. Most of these patients are in the older age group and exhibit comorbidities, especially hypertension, and severe infection. In extreme presentations of COVID-19, some patients exhibit seizures, stroke, flaccid paraparesis, corticospinal weakness, and even coma. Moreover, the neurological manifestations can occur independently of the respiratory system. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause multiple neurological syndromes in a more complex presentation. Therefore, this review elucidated the involvement of the nervous system in SARS-CoV-2 infection and will hopefully help improve the management of COVID-19.

Low grade b-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) involving the central nervous system (CNS): An analysis from the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13083-e13083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Avinash Pophali ◽  
Gita Thanarajasingam ◽  
Jose Pulido ◽  
Patrick B. Johnston ◽  
Ronald S. Go
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
The Brain

e13083 Background: CNS involvement from low grade B-cell NHL is rare and has only been reported as case series. The distribution, demographics and outcomes of patients with low grade B-cell CNS NHLs have not been well characterized. Methods: The NCDB represents ~70% of cancer cases in the United States. Using the 2004-2013 NCDB extranodal NHL database, we identified all CNS B-cell NHLs based on ICD-O-3 site and histology codes. Primary or secondary CNS involvement could not be determined. Results: Out of 9435 CNS NHL cases, 475 [5.03%] had low grade histologies. In this group, the median age at diagnosis was 58 years [range 19-89]. Majority of the cases were female [56%], White, non-Hispanic [72%], privately insured [53%], with no comorbidities [74%] and treated in academic/research programs [38%]. Site of CNS disease was not specified in 22%. HIV status was known in 318 cases (6.3% positive). The brain [44%] was the most common site of involvement followed by spinal cord [19%] and meninges [15%]. Follicular lymphoma (FL) [48%] was the most common histology overall followed by marginal zone (MZL) [37%], small lymphocytic (SLL) [8%] and lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas (LPL) [7%]. MZL was the most common histology in the brain [44%] and meninges [61%] while FL was most common in the spinal cord [77%] and nervous system, NOS [69%]. Cranial nerves and eye (retina/optic nerve) involvement was very rare [2 and 1 case each- both MZL]. The overall survival (OS) of CNS B-cell NHL was significantly better if histology was low grade vs other [5-year OS 74% vs 32%, P < 0.0001]. Among CNS low grade B-cell NHLs, 5-year OS varied by histology [MZL 83%, FL 75%, LPL 56% and SLL 50%, P = 0.0003] and site of disease [spinal cord 89%, meninges 78% and brain 63%, P = 0.03] in addition to age at diagnosis and co-morbidities on both uni- and multivariate analysis. Survival was not influenced by sex, race, insurance, year of diagnosis, facility type or location. Conclusions: CNS involvement with low grade B-cell NHL is rare but has a relatively good outcome with most patients surviving beyond 5 years. FL and MZL are the more common low grade histologies. Both histology and disease site are important factors affecting survival.

COVID-19, the Brain, and the Future: Is Infection by the Novel Coronavirus a Harbinger of Neurodegeneration?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adejoke Onaolapo ◽  
Olakunle Onaolapo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

: The possible impact of viral infections on the development or pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders remains largely unknown. However, there have been reports associating the influenza virus pandemic and long-term infection with the Japanese encephalitis virus with the development of post-encephalitic Parkinsonism or von Economo encephalitis. In the last one year plus, there has been a worldwide pandemic arising from infection with the novel coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 which causes a severe acute respiratory syndrome that has become associated with central nervous system symptoms or complications. Its possible central nervous system involvement is in line with emerging scientific evidence which shows that the human respiratory coronaviruses can enter the brain, infect neural cells, persist in the brain, and cause activation of myelin-reactive T cells. Currently, there is a dearth of scientific information on the acute or possible long-term impact of infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the development of dementias and/or neurodegenerative diseases. This is not unrelated to the fact that the virus is ‘new’, and its effects on humans are still being studied. This narrative review examines extant literature for the impact of corona virus infections on the brain; as it considers the possibility that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could increase the risk for the development of neurodegenerative diseases or hasten their progression.

MRI of the brain in childhood-onset mitochondrial disorders with central nervous system involvement

Mitochondrion ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalliopi Sofou ◽  
Karin Steneryd ◽  
Lars-Martin Wiklund ◽  
Már Tulinius ◽  
Niklas Darin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Mitochondrial Disorders ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
The Brain
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