scholarly journals Establecimiento de plantas mediante el uso de micorrizas y de islas de recursos en un matorral xerófilo deteriorado

2017 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Arcadio Monroy-Ata ◽  
Juan Estevez-Torres ◽  
Rosalva García-Sánchez ◽  
Ramiro Ríos-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Nurse Plant ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Island Type ◽  
One Year ◽  
Resource Island

Survival of mesquite (Prosopis laevigata) and huizache (Acacia farnesiana), previously inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was analyzed in field conditions during one year. The plants were cultivated for nine months in a greenhouse, two months in a nursery, and then they were transplanted in a deteriorated xeric shrub ecosystem located in Actopan Valley, Hidalgo State, Mexico. Each individual (either inoculated or not inoculated with AMF), was transplanted under the cover of one of eight nurse plant species forming resource islands, in order to evaluate the effects of mycorrhizal inoculum and nurse plant identity on plant establishment and survival during the dry period (October to April). Overall, results show that inoculated mesquite and huizache plants had a significant increase in percent survival, raising from 19 to 54% for P. laevigata, and from 18 to 48% for A. farnesiana. Regarding nurse plant identity, i.e. resource island type, there were not significant differences in percent survival of transplanted individuals. The experiment also showed that inoculated plants had a larger number of pinnae than their controls. On this basis, inoculation of seedlings with AMF is recommended to restore deteriorated semi-arid ecosystems

Interspecific differences in the tolerance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to freezing and drying

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N Klironomos ◽  
Miranda M Hart ◽  
Jane E Gurney ◽  
Peter Moutoglis
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in northern temperate ecosystems must function during extremes in environmental conditions. However, it is not known if arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that co-exist in soil communities have similar tolerances to stresses such as drought and freezing. The phenology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was determined over one year in a community in southern Ontario, Canada. Five fungal species from the same community were then used to inoculate five plant species, in all possible combinations, and were subjected to either a freezing treatment or a drought treatment after which new seedlings were transplanted into the treated pots. The percent colonization of roots of each plant species was measured as the difference in mean colonization from the control. Freezing reduced percent colonization in almost every case, whereas drought resulted in both increased and decreased percent colonization. Fungal species responded differently to the treatments, and there was a pronounced plant × fungus effect. These results support the hypothesis that distinct functional groups of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi exist, and these may determine plant community structure.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, freezing, drying, functional diversity.

scholarly journals Shelf Life Studies of Seed Coat Formulation of Rhizobium and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) for Pulses - A New Perspective in Biofertilizer Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kumutha ◽  
R. Parimala Devi ◽  
P. Marimuthu ◽  
R. Krishnamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
One Year

Background: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium are beneficial plant partners exhibiting mutual association with crop plants. Conventional carrier based formulation has lesser population and limited shelf life. Present study was aimed to evaluate and to assess the shelf life in new formulation as well as in coated seeds under storage.Methods: Three experiments are conducted in this study. Population of Rhizobium and AM fungi spore count were assessed in newer seed coat formulation under room temperature storage. Secondly survival of these organisms on the coated seeds of blackgram and greengram were evaluated. In third experiment the coated seeds stored for different duration were evaluated for germination, growth and vigour index.Result: Rhizobial population was maintained at 1011 g-1 and AM spore load was 900-1000 spores g-1 up to one year of storage. AM spore count was also found sufficient up to 9 months of storage in coated seeds of both crops. Growth and vigour index were significantly enhanced in inoculated plants over uninoculated control. From the study, it was evident that these formulations can be stored upto one year at room temperature without any loss in viable count and can be used for seed coating.

scholarly journals Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Plant Adaptation to Arid Ecosystem of Bou-Hedma National Park in Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoudi Neji ◽  
Mahdhi Mosbah ◽  
Mars Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
National Park ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Arid Ecosystem ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

Plants interact with beneficial microbes living in their rhizosphere, promoting their growth and development. In arid ecosystems, specific plant-associated microbes grant plants access to nutrients that would otherwise be inaccessible. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are probably one of the better known belowground functional networks with plants. AMF plays a crucial role in plant performance and consequently in ecosystem functioning. AMF activities also determine the bio-availability of nutrients and therefore soil fertility. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the plant-AMF interactions on soil functions under arid ecosystem in Tunisia. AMF colonization was evaluated by visual observation of AMF in fine roots of Astragalus corrugatus and Lotus creticus on Bou-Hedma National Park in Tunisia. Mycorrhizal colonization varied between plants, and the spore number was significantly different across rhizosphere soils. Statistical analysis showed a clearly positive correlation between the number of spores and plant-mycorrhizal intensity. For microbiological proprieties, our results showed that mycorrhizal plants improved significantly the different microbiological parameters. The results of the present study specified the association plant-AMF and highlight AMF importance as a tailored mechanism of plant adaptation to arid ecosystems.

scholarly journals Establishment of catclaw plants (Mimosa biuncifera Benth.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in greenhouse and field drought conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Peña-Becerril ◽  
Arcadio Monroy-Ata ◽  
María Socorro Orozco-Almanza ◽  
Esther Matiana García-Amador
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
One Year ◽  
Semi Arid

<p>More than half of Mexican territory is dominated by arid or semi-arid ecosystems. These environments are normally deteriorated by man-induced over-grazing by sheep and goats and the mainly vegetation types are xeric shrublands where thorny plant species are widespread, like catclaw (<em>Mimosa biuncifera </em>Benth., Fabaceae), wich is a nurse plant that promotes plant succession. In this view, the objective of this work was to determine the effect of inoculation with native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on catclaw seedlings, in order to evaluate plant establishment and their growth under a dry treatment, both in greenhouse and field conditions. Initial question was if the mycorrhization of catclaw increases in a significative way the survival of plant individuals under field conditions. For this, catclaw plants were grown in a greenhouse in Mexico City, with a design consisting of two pot irrigation treatments, wet (W) and dry (D), and two soil treatments: with and without AMF inoculum (M+, M-). Each treatment had 20 repetitions. Weekly: height, mean diameter of coverage, leaf and pinnae number of plant individuals were recorded. After 20 weeks: fresh and dry biomass, relative growth rate, root/shoot ratio, real evapotranspiration, water use efficiency (WUE) and percentage of mycorrhizal colonization were determined. Later, dry treatment (M+ and M-) catclaw individuals were trasplanted to a semi-arid locality at the Mezquital Valley, in Central Mexico and their height, leaf number and survival was recorded monthly during one year. Results show that plants in the wet and mycorrhizal (WM+) treatment had grown higher, had larger plant coverage and had more pinnae than plants in the dry and mycorrhizal (DM+) treatment. Also, the mycorrhizal treatments (W and D) had higher WUE than plants in M-. In field conditions, after one year, survival of M+ plants was greater than witness. It was concluded that mycorrhization of <em>M. biuncifera</em> with native HMA inoculum increases its efficiency in biomass production (higher dry biomass per liter of irrigated water than non mycorrhizal plants) and that favors plant establishment and survival in field conditions. Finally, it could be recommended the AMF inoculation of catclaw plants to be used in revegetation programs of deteriorated semi-arid zones.</p>

scholarly journals Soil microbiological properties and enzyme activity in agroforestry systems compared with monoculture, natural regeneration, and native Caatinga

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divino Levi Miguel ◽  
Eliane Maria Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Cristiane Figueira da Silva ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Luiz Fernando Carvalho Leite
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
One Year

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of agroforestry systems of different ages (AFS1: one-year old; AFS5: five-years old) on the biological attributes of soil; the following systems were used for comparison: a slash-and-burn (SBF) farming area, Caatinga which has been undergoing regeneration for 6 years (CaR6), and native Caatinga (NCa) in Brazil. Enzyme activity, abundance and composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and production of glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) were evaluated at soil depths of 0–0.05 m. AMF species composition in the AFS was more similar to that in the NCa than in the SBF and CaR6 systems. In the rainy season, sporulation was most abundant in the AFS-1, CaR6, and SBF systems, whereas GRSP concentrations were highest in the AFS5 during the dry season. Acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase enzyme activity was lower in the AFS1 soils than in the NCa and SBF soils (rainy period), and levels of β-glucosidase and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis in the AFS were equal to or higher than those in the NCa in the dry season but lower in the rainy season. AFS thus appear to promote the maintenance of soil biological quality, and may be more sustainable than SBF farming systems in the Brazilian Caatinga over the long term.

scholarly journals Species richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in forests with Araucaria in Southern Brazil

Hoehnea ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Boscaini Zandavalli ◽  
Sidney Luiz Stürmer ◽  
Lúcia Rebello Dillenburg
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
One Year

This study aimed to characterize species richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in three distinct forests with Araucaria angustifolia (native forest, reforestation with A. angustifolia and plantation with Pinus taeda) in the "Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula", State of Rio Grande do Sul, also accounting for seasonal variation. Six soil samples from each forest were collected from Araucaria angustifolia rhizosphere in four seasons during a one-year period, for identification of the AMF species. Spores were extracted by wet-sieving followed by centrifugation in water and 50% sucrose solution. The greatest richness (16 species) was found in the Araucaria reforestation and the lowest in the native forest (eight species). The season with higher species richness was different in each site. The most representative genera in all forests were Acaulospora and Glomus. Historical aspects and plant species composition can account for some of the differences among sites.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil, roots and rhizosphere ofMedicago truncatula: diversity and heterogeneity under semi-arid conditions

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neji Mahmoudi ◽  
Cristina Cruz ◽  
Mosbah Mahdhi ◽  
Mohamed Mars ◽  
Maria F. Caeiro
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Amf Diversity ◽  
Semi Arid

Mycorrhizal symbioses are considered indicators of ecosystem biodiversity. However, their diversity and relevance in arid and semi-arid ecosystems are poorly understood. This study addressed this subject, the main objective being to evaluate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity and heterogeneity in a semi-arid region. Samples of bulk and rhizosphere soil and fine roots ofMedicago truncatulawere collected at four different sites with the same aridity index (6.1), in Bou-Hedma National Park, Tunisia, a semi-arid ecosystem. AMF taxa were assessed by 454- pyrosequencing and identified by BLAST matching of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) against the MaarjAMdatabase, targeting AMF SSUrRNAgene diversity. Roots were the hotspots of AMF diversity (107 OTUs out of a total of 138). Of the 138 OTUs, 113 found correspondence in the MaarjAMdatabase, with 32 AMF virtual taxa (VTX),19 Site-exclusive (SE) and 13 common to at least two sites (Non-site exclusive, NSE); the remaining 25 OTUs grouped in 16 putative new AMF taxa (pNTX), each one consisting of OTUs sharing pairwise distances not higher than 3%. We found a high diversity and heterogeneity of AMF across the four sites, which showed, in a regression analysis, significant relation to six out of the eight environmental parameters evaluated: grazing activity and soil texture, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. AMF colonization of plants also presented significant differences among the four sites, as well as spore density, microbial biomass and several enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase and phosphatase) evaluated in rhizosphere soils. The four sites clustered in two groups in a hierarchical clustering evaluation based on their AMF diversity (total numbers of OTU, VTX and pNTX) and the parameters referred above. The crucial role of abiotic factors, other than aridity index, on AMF community composition, was evidenced by the high heterogeneity found between AMF communities across sites under identical aridity conditions.

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