Heat Stress and Gut Health in Broilers: Role of Tight Junction Proteins

A single layer of enterocytes and tight junctions (intercellular multiprotein complexes) form the intestinal epithelial barrier that controls transport of molecules through transcellular and paracellular pathways. A dysfunctional or “leaky” intestinal tight junction barrier allows augmented permeation of luminal antigens, endotoxins, and bacteria into the blood stream. Various substances and conditions have been shown to affect the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier. The primary focus of the present review is to analyze the effects of exertional or nonexertional (passive hyperthermia) heat stress on tight junction barrier function in in vitro and in vivo (animals and humans) models. Our secondary focus is to review changes in tight junction proteins in response to exercise or hyperthermic conditions. Finally, we discuss some pharmacological or nutritional interventions that may affect the cellular mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis of the intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier during heat stress or exercise.

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ROLE OF PROTECTIVE TOPICAL AGENTS IN THERAPY OF CHRONIC DERMATOSES

Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii ZHurnal ◽

10.36691/rja512 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 47-52

Author(s):

A N KHLEBNIKOVA

Keyword(s):

Tight Junction ◽

Combined Therapy ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Tight Junction Proteins ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Epidermal Barrier ◽

Junction Proteins

Epidermal barrier insufficiency results in skin dryness and fissures in different chronic dermatoses. Barrier dysfunction is due either to genetic problems or lipid deficiency or damage of tight junction proteins. Here we discuss various abnormalities of epidermal barrier in eczema and psoriasis which necessitate to prescribe pro- tective and moisturizing agents to restore skin barrier. We give our own practice data of using Bariederm cream and balm in combined therapy of dyshidrotic eczema, plantar eczema and palmoplantar psoriasis.

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The Role of β-Carotene in Colonic Inflammation and Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.723480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Junrui Cheng ◽

Emilio Balbuena ◽

Baxter Miller ◽

Abdulkerim Eroglu

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Tight Junction ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Tight Junction Proteins ◽

Colonic Epithelial Cells ◽

Colonic Inflammation ◽

Tlr4 Signaling Pathway ◽

Β Carotene ◽

Junction Proteins

Background: Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments accounting for the brilliant colors of fruits and vegetables. They may display antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in humans besides being precursors to vitamin A. There is a gap of knowledge in examining their role within colonic epithelial cells. We proposed to address this research gap by examining the effects of a major dietary carotenoid, β-carotene, in the in vitro epithelial cell model.Methods: We examined the function of β-carotene in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. We conducted western blotting assays to evaluate expressions of TLR4 and its co-receptor, CD14. We also examined NF-κB p65 subunit protein levels in the model system. Furthermore, we studied the impact of β-carotene on the tight junction proteins, claudin-1, and occludin. We further carried out immunocytochemistry experiments to detect and visualize claudin-1 expression.Results: β-Carotene reduced LPS-induced intestinal inflammation in colonic epithelial cells. β-Carotene also promoted the levels of tight junction proteins, which might lead to enhanced barrier function.Conclusions: β-Carotene could play a role in modulating the LPS-induced TLR4 signaling pathway and in enhancing tight junction proteins. The findings will shed light on the role of β-carotene in colonic inflammation and also potentially in metabolic disorders since higher levels of LPS might induce features of metabolic diseases.

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The role of tight junction proteins during Dengue virus entry

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals ◽

10.4172/1948-5964.s1.011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Qianjun Li

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Tight Junction ◽

Virus Entry ◽

Tight Junction Proteins ◽

Junction Proteins

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Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Caco-2 Cells, C. elegans and Growing Broilers

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25040835 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 835 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Georg Sandner ◽

Andreas S. Mueller ◽

Xiaodan Zhou ◽

Verena Stadlbauer ◽

Bettina Schwarzinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Tight Junction ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

Tight Junction Proteins ◽

Ginseng Extract ◽

C Elegans ◽

Junction Proteins

Climatic changes and heat stress have become a great challenge in the livestock industry, negatively affecting, in particular, poultry feed intake and intestinal barrier malfunction. Recently, phytogenic feed additives were applied to reduce heat stress effects on animal farming. Here, we investigated the effects of ginseng extract using various in vitro and in vivo experiments. Quantitative real-time PCR, transepithelial electrical resistance measurements and survival assays under heat stress conditions were carried out in various model systems, including Caco-2 cells, Caenorhabditis elegans and jejunum samples of broilers. Under heat stress conditions, ginseng treatment lowered the expression of HSPA1A (Caco-2) and the heat shock protein genes hsp-1 and hsp-16.2 (both in C. elegans), while all three of the tested genes encoding tight junction proteins, CLDN3, OCLN and CLDN1 (Caco-2), were upregulated. In addition, we observed prolonged survival under heat stress in Caenorhabditis elegans, and a better performance of growing ginseng-fed broilers by the increased gene expression of selected heat shock and tight junction proteins. The presence of ginseng extract resulted in a reduced decrease in transepithelial resistance under heat shock conditions. Finally, LC-MS analysis was performed to quantitate the most prominent ginsenosides in the extract used for this study, being Re, Rg1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd. In conclusion, ginseng extract was found to be a suitable feed additive in animal nutrition to reduce the negative physiological effects caused by heat stress.

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