Infrared and Ultraviolet Spectroscopic analysis of ethanolic leaf extract of Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum [Thevetia orange]

The present work was undertaken to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (D. multiflora) on Shigella flexneri-induced diarrhea in Wistar rats and its subacute toxicity. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109 cells/mL S. flexneri to rats. Antidiarrheal activity was investigated in rats with the doses of 111.42 mg/kg, 222.84 mg/kg, and 445.68 mg/kg. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and organs histology examined by 14 days’ subacute toxicity. S. flexneri stool load decreased significantly in dose-dependent manner. The level of ALT increased (p<0.05) in male rats treated with the dose of 445.68 mg/kg while creatinine level increased in rats treated with both doses. In female rats, a significant decrease (p<0.05) of the level of AST and creatinine was noted in rats treated with the dose of 222.84 mg/kg of D. multiflora. Histological exams of kidney and liver of treated rats showed architectural modifications at the dose of 445.68 mg/kg. This finding suggests that D. multiflora leaf extract is efficient against diarrhea caused by S. flexneri but the treatment with doses lower than 222.84 mg/kg is recommended while further study is required to define the exact efficient nontoxic dose.

Download Full-text

Phytochemical Screening and Larvicidal Assessment of Bellyache Bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) Leaf Extracts Against Culex quinquefasciatus Larvae

Nigerian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.4314/njpar.v42i1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

J.H. Buduwara ◽

T. Adiel ◽

R. Sami ◽

M.L. Tafem

Keyword(s):

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Fourth Stage ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Third Stage ◽

Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽

Jatropha Gossypiifolia

The development of resistance by Culex mosquitoes to synthetic insecticides has necessitated the continued search for alternative ones from plants. This study screened the preliminary qualitative phytochemicals and assessed the larvicidal efficacy of extracts of J. gossypiifolia leaf against third and fourth stage Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The J. gossypiifolia was screened for the presence of phytochemicals using standard methods. After twenty-four (24) hours post exposure of both third and fourth stage C. quinquefasciatus larvae against different concentrations, (2.0mg/ml, 4.0mg/ml, 6.0mg/ml, 8.0mg/ml and 10 mg/ml) of various extracts. It showed that larval mortality increases significantly (p<0.05) with increase in extracts concentration. Acetone leaf extract showed highest mortality at 10mg/ml with 85% third stage Culex larvae mortality, followed by ethanolic leaf extract. However, least mortality was observed in n-Hexane leaf extract with 15% larval mortality against fourth stage Culex larvae. Low LC and LC values (3.715mg/ml and 12.490mg/ml) were noticed in 50 90 acetone leaf extract of J. gossypiifolia. The study observed that the highest LC and LC values (9.104mg/ml and 50 90 22.877mg/ml) were noticed in hexane leaf extracts. Conclusively, acetone leaf extract of J. gossypiifolia can be harnessed to control Culex larvae. However, there is a need to ascertain the quantities of bioactive components of J. gossypiifolia and its toxicity to non-target organisms. Keywords: Jatropha gossypiifolia, Phytochemicals, Culex larvae

Download Full-text

EVALUATION OF ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA LINDL

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i9.27256 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 502

Author(s):

Davie Rexon Kamadyaapa ◽

Mavuto Masopera Gondwe ◽

Mathulo Shauli ◽

Constance Sewani Rusike ◽

Jehu Iputo

Keyword(s):

Castor Oil ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Eriobotrya Japonica ◽

Cytotoxicity Test ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Adrenoceptor Blocker ◽

Antidiarrheal Activity ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Objective: The study was carried out to investigate the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Eriobotrya japonica (EEJ) using various models of experimental diarrhea.Methods: Antidiarrheal property of EEJ at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea, castor oil-induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal propulsive models of experimental diarrhea in Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes, weighing 200–250 g. Cytotoxicity test of EEJ was performed using brine shrimp bioassay.Results: Toxicity assay of EEJ showed a lethal concentration value of 1225 μg/ml suggesting non-toxicity. EEJ significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/bwt) inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhea by 38.1%, 76.19%, and 100%, respectively, and enteropooling by 28%, 56%, and 88%, respectively, compared with control. Pre-treatment with yohimbine, α2-adrenoceptor blocker significantly reversed the protective effect of EEJ (400 mg/kg) against castor oil-induced diarrhea and against castor oil-induced enteropooling, suggesting the involvement of α2-adrenoceptors in antidiarrheal property of EEJ. Furthermore, EEJ significantly (p<0.05) and dosedependently (100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg/bwt) inhibited gastrointestinal motility by 28%, 62%, and 83.92%, respectively.Conclusion: The study has demonstrated the antidiarrheal potential of ethanolic leaf extract of EEJ, which may be attributable to its dual antisecretory and antimotility activities probably through activation of the sympathetic α2-adrenergic pathway.

Download Full-text

Anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and sedative activities of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Mitragyna stipulosa

Journal of Herbs Spices & Medicinal Plants ◽

10.1080/10496475.2018.1556373 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 43-54

Author(s):

Muyiwa Samuel Fageyinbo ◽

Adamson Olubori Odumeso ◽

Kunle Rotimi ◽

Olumuyiwa John Fasipe ◽

Sunday Oluwafemi Olayemi

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Download Full-text

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. AGAINST RINGWORM PATHOGENS

Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/gjpas.v10i1.16355 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joseph P Essien ◽

Enomfon J Akpan

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Download Full-text

Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) pre-treated rats and protective effect of Vernonia amygdalina post-treatment on liver function

International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology ◽

10.14419/ijpt.v4i1.6065 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 74

Author(s):

Usunomena Usunobun ◽

Gabriel Anyanwu

Keyword(s):

Total Protein ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Drug Treatments ◽

Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Background: Liver disease and toxicity is common, especially with many drug treatments. The effect of Vernonia amygdalina ethanolic leaf extract post-treatment on rats pre-treated with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was evaluated.Methods: Male wistar rats were orally administered DMN (single dose of 25 mg/kg) on first day and thereafter post-treated with 100 and 200mg/kg ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina for seven days. Analysis of serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, total bilirubin and glucose were carried out.Results: Administration of DMN alone to rats significantly increased glucose and total bilirubin concentration (P < 0.05) in the serum while it significantly reduced (P<0.05) serum total protein and albumin concentrations when compared with controls. However, post-treatment of DMN administered rats with 100 and 200 mg/kg ethanolic extract leaf of Vernonia amygdalina significantly (P<0.05) reversed these changes in a concentration dependent manner.Conclusion: In conclusion ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina have a potent hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective action against dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver damage in rats may be due to its antioxidant properties.

Download Full-text