scholarly journals Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) pre-treated rats and protective effect of Vernonia amygdalina post-treatment on liver function

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Usunomena Usunobun ◽  
Gabriel Anyanwu
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Background: Liver disease and toxicity is common, especially with many drug treatments. The effect of Vernonia amygdalina ethanolic leaf extract post-treatment on rats pre-treated with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was evaluated.Methods: Male wistar rats were orally administered DMN (single dose of 25 mg/kg) on first day and thereafter post-treated with 100 and 200mg/kg ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina for seven days. Analysis of serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, total bilirubin and glucose were carried out.Results: Administration of DMN alone to rats significantly increased glucose and total bilirubin concentration (P < 0.05) in the serum while it significantly reduced (P<0.05) serum total protein and albumin concentrations when compared with controls. However, post-treatment of DMN administered rats with 100 and 200 mg/kg ethanolic extract leaf of Vernonia amygdalina significantly (P<0.05) reversed these changes in a concentration dependent manner.Conclusion: In conclusion ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina have a potent hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective action against dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver damage in rats may be due to its antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Anti-apoptotic Effects of Peganum harmala Leaf Extract on Type 2 Diabetes in the Kidney of Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Forough Kajbaf ◽  
Shahrbanoo Oryan ◽  
Ramesh Ahmadi ◽  
Akram Eidi
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Growing evidence has shown that the apoptosis of cells plays an important role in the advancement of the Diabetic nephropathy (DN). Objectives: This study attempted to discover the therapeutic potential of Peganum harmala leaf extract in the apoptosis of diabetic kidney disease. Methods: In the present experimental research, 32 male Wistar rats were studied, and diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg). The animals were randomly divided into four groups (n=8, in each group) as follows: control, diabetic, control+leaf extract, diabetic+leaf extract. For our purposes, the methanolic extract of P. harmala leaves (150 mg/kg) was given by gavage for 28 days. Flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were utilized to determine the percentages of apoptotic cells. Also, histological alterations and blood biochemical parameters were evaluated. Results: The P. harmala leaf extract has a high amount of flavonoids (25.84%), a lower percentage of alkaloids (0.14%), and some antioxidant properties. Serum urea (P<0.001) and apoptosis (P<0.05) significantly elevated in diabetic rats relative to the control ones. The mean of fasting blood creatinine, urea, and albumin level was not significantly changed in diabetic+leaf extract rats as compared to the diabetic ones. Histopathological results also displayed that diabetic complications in the kidney could not be improved following treatment by the leaf extract of P. harmala. In addition, the leaf extract could not significantly reduce the apoptosis and caspase-3 expression compared to diabetics in renal cells. Conclusion: Based on our findings, the leaf extract of P. harmala is unable to inhibit apoptosis in the diabetic kidney model.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF ERYTHRINA ABBYSINICA LAM, EX DC

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Kamadyaapa Davie Rexon ◽  
Gondwe Mavuto Masopera ◽  
Shauli Mathulo ◽  
Sewani Rusike Constance ◽  
Nkeh Chungag Benedicta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

  Objective: This study was conducted to scientifically evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Erythrina abbysinica (EEA).Methods: Acute and sub-chronic effects of EEA at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt and glibenclamide (GL) at 5 mg/kg/bwt. were evaluated in both normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats (250–300 g). The acute studies were performed using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In sub-chronic studies, animals were orally administered with EEA and GL daily for 6 w. Brine shrimp assay was used to determine the toxicity of EEA. 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing capacity of plasma, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assays were used to determine antioxidant properties of EEA.Results: Following OGTT, EEA significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt) decreased blood glucose levels in both normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared with positive and negative control counterparts at all-time points, whereas GL significantly (p<0.05) decreased blood glucose only in normal rats but not in diabetic rats. Daily, oral administration of EEA for 6 w significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt) decreased blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared with the diabetic control group. EEA revealed weak toxicity with a lethal concentration50 value of 997 μg/ml). Furthermore, EEA showed significant free radical scavenging, total antioxidant, and anti-lipid peroxidative capacities.Conclusion: The study has shed more light on the scientific basis for the use of E. abbysinica in management of diabetes in some communities of Eastern Cape of South Africa.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Vernonia amygdalina Plant Extract on Heavy Metal-Induced Liver and Kidney Dysfunction in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Precious Barnes ◽  
Joshua Kwame Yeboah ◽  
Wilson Gbedema ◽  
Roland Osei Saahene ◽  
Benjamin Amoani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Heavy Metal Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Kidney Dysfunction ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Heavy metal toxicity contributes to liver and kidney dysfunction and damage through oxidative stress mechanisms; however, from previous studies, extracts from the Vernonia amygdalina plant have shown to possess potent antioxidant properties. This study was aimed at uncovering the potential ameliorative effects of ethanolic extract from Vernonia amygdalina plant in heavy metal toxicity-induced liver and kidney dysfunction. For this study, 44 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups. The control group received a basal diet and water only while the treatment groups received varied dosages of the heavy metals. The copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) groups had five subgroups. The Cu only and Cu recovery subgroups were administered with 16 mg/kg Cu intraperitoneally daily for 14 days, whereas the Pb only and Pb recovery subgroups were administered with 13 mg/kg Pb intraperitoneally daily for 14 days. Subsequently, the Pb only and Cu only subgroups were sacrificed. The three Pb and Cu treatment subgroups received oral graded doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg) of the extract for 21 days. The Cu recovery and Pb recovery subgroups were left to recover for 21 days. After histological examinations, the Pb and Cu pretreatment groups showed evidence of focal necrosis accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltrations. The serum levels of liver biomarkers AST, ALT, and GGT, as well as urea and creatinine, were significantly elevated (P=0.01) following copper and lead exposure. Upon posttreatment of the rats with the extract, the physiological levels of the biomarkers were restored and tissue architecture of the organs improved. Thus, the ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina is capable of ameliorating the effects of heavy metal toxicity through potent antioxidative mechanisms.

scholarly journals GC–MS analysis of ethanolic leaf extract of Capparis divaricata Lam.

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
M. Hemalatha ◽  
Saivenkatesh Korlam ◽  
N. Yasodamma
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Planet earth is rich in plant-based medicine. Unfortunately, most of the medicinal plants are not in lime light for their optimal utilisation by the mankind mostly, because of unknown medicinally important phytochemicals present in them. Capparis divaricata Lam. is one of the medicinally important plants widely distributed in Arthagiri Hills of Chittoor Dist., Andhra Pradesh. The plant is ethnobotanically used for different ailments especially cancer. In the present study, Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of leaf ethanolic extract of Capparis divaricate is reported. Octasilaxone, Hexadecamethyl; Acetoxymethyl – Trimethyl: Octamethyl were identified as the major compounds.  Further, these compounds may act as anti-cancerous agents by efficient pharmacological studies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of potentials of aqueous ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava on reproductive functions of male Albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
S.A. Abwage ◽  
S.T. Agu ◽  
S.A. Saganuwan ◽  
A.H. Abu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The therapeutic utilization of plants for managing several diseases by people of all continents, especially Africa, is as old as tradition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potentials of aqueous ethanolic leaf extract of Psidium guajava on male reproductive parameters. Twenty-four male Albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups of six rats per group. Rats in the control group were administered Tween 20®. Rats in groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered Psidium guajava aqueous ethanolic leaf extract orally at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively, once daily for 60 days. The body weights of the rats were determined at the beginning and end of the experiment. Sperm parameters and some reproductive organs weight of each rat was also determined, some organs were collected for histopathology. Assay for follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone was done using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent methods. Some reproductive organs were collected for histopathological analyses. The results showed a dose-dependent increase (p<0.05) in the weight of male reproductive organs, sperm parameters, and hormones. The extract significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum testosterone in the group treated 400 mg/kg body weight when treated groups were compared with control. Furthermore, the results of FSH and LH revealed a significant (p < 0.05) increase when the treated groups were compared with the control. The histopathological analysis did not reveal any form of damage to the architectural integrity of the testis. However, there was degenerating germinal epithelium in the group administered 400 mg/kg of the aqueous ethanolic leaf extract of P. guajava. Conclusion: aqueous ethanolic extract of P. guajava has positive effects on male reproductive parameters.

scholarly journals In vitro pharmacological attributes and metabolite’s fingerprinting of Conocarpus lancifolius

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-671
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Raza ◽  
◽  
Maqsood Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz ◽  
Sadia Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Acetylcholine Esterase ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Ethanolic Extraction ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Search for safe antioxidants and novel nutraceuticals urged to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-acetylcholine esterase and anti-lipoxygenase activity of various leaf extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius. Extraction was optimized from freeze dried plant extracts quenched with liquid nitrogen using water, ethanol, methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform. Maximum extract yield, total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents were obtained in case of ethanolic extraction. The highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical scavenging in terms of IC50 value of 55.26 µg/mL was observed for ethanolic leaf extract. The acetylcholine esterase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities (IC50) were also observed for ethanolic extract. These findings for ethanolic extract were statistically significant when compared with other extracts (ρ<0.05). The haemolytic % values indicated that all extracts were associated with very low or negligible toxicity. The epicatechin, isorhamnetin, rutin, scopoleptin, skimmianine, quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, cornoside, creatinine, choline, pyruvic acid, α-hydroxybutyric acid, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin were identified as major functional metabolites in ethanolic leaf extract of C. lancifolius by 1H-NMR. The identified metabolites were probably responsible for the pharmacological properties of C. lancifolius. The findings may be utilized as pharmacological leads for drug development and food fortification.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Property of Hanguana Malayana (Bakong) Crude Leaf Ethanolic Extract Against Staphylococcus Aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Vandon T. Borela ◽  
Jan Arianne Urbano ◽  
Andrei Joshua Tayag ◽  
Myco Teresa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Beneficial Uses ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽  
Local Farmers

Hanguana Malayana, known as Bakong plant is an invasive macrophytic plant found in few regions of the Philippines. Due to its mode of propagation, it occupies large spaces and it invades the space that’s allotted for the crops of local farmers. Hence, the researchers investigate this plant for beneficial uses. In this study, the effect of the different concentrations of H. malayana crude ethanolic leaf extract on Saureus is evaluated on the basis of the study of Ooh and company (2014) stating that the plant is a  potential resources of bioactive phytoconstituents. This research concluded that the Hanguana malayana crude leaf ethanolic extract has an antibacterial property against Staphylococcus  aureus.

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