scholarly journals Understanding the Future of Criminology: an Overview of Current Trends

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-540
Author(s):  
Tatyana Sudakova ◽  
Vitaly Nomokonov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Future Society

The study and evaluation of established and evolving views of scholars regarding the future of criminology, expressed in articles as well as books, requires their generalization and makes it possible to formulate certain conclusions. Speculations regarding the future of criminology are primarily connected with the future crime trends and the projected reaction of the society and the theories of crime to their changes. Is the following theoretically and logically sound chain going to be perspective: technological development and rapid technological progress - use of new technologies by criminals - structural changes in crime - systemic changes in the law enforcement structures that meet the new criminal threats? Rapid technological progress, worsening social and economic inequality gave rise to futurological criminological research. Modern theory of criminology has many areas of urgent importance. They include the following issues debated in the academic circles: first, the effective methodological basis for such research, second, the possible ways of improving crime prevention theory that is dependent on the social processes and third, how and in what direction will criminology evolve in connection with the social trends and if it will be able to «incorporate» and take into account future, intensively and actively predicted trends of global social development, while gaining the status of the science of the future. Global criminology, fundamental criminology, digital criminology - what is the attitude of scholars to these theoretical constructs in todays academic discussions? Do speculations on the future of criminology have and prospects? Viewing science today as one of the forces that can help overcome the global civilization crisis has encouraged criminologists to discuss a wider consistent approach to future criminology as a source of ensuring criminological safety of the future society. The authors discuss the necessity and appropriateness of returning, in criminology as well as science in general, to the holistic worldview at the level of scientific knowledge. Criminology should develop by sprouting new branches supported by technological progress. A special part should be played by the criminology of hi tech that converges the knowledge of natural sciences.

Introduction

Kick It ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Matt Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Performance Practice ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Creative Artists

This chapter explains the motivations for researching the social history of the drum kit. It traces the history of drummer jokes and outlines the structure of the chapters to follow. Chapter 1 traces the racist roots of linking drummers to primitive stereotypes and contrasts this against the cleverness of drummers that culminated in the invention of the drum. Chapter 2 shows how drummers in fact contributed to redefining the boundaries between noise and music. Chapter 3 reveals how drummers developed new conventions of literacy while standardizing both the components and performance practice of their instrument. Chapter 4 examines the development of the status of drummers as creative artists. Chapter 5 looks at drumming as a form of musical labour. Chapter 6 considers attempts to replace the drum kit and drummers with new technologies, and how such efforts ultimately underscored the centrality of the drum kit as part of the contemporary soundscape.

Stepping back to move forward: Centering capital in discussions of technology and the future of work

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Benjamin Shestakofsky
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Future Of Work ◽  
Technological Unemployment ◽  
The Future ◽  
Constructivist Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

Some researchers have warned that advances in artificial intelligence will increasingly allow employers to substitute human workers with software and robotic systems, heralding an impending wave of technological unemployment. By attending to the particular contexts in which new technologies are developed and implemented, others have revealed that there is nothing inevitable about the future of work, and that there is instead the potential for a diversity of models for organizing the relationship between work and artificial intelligence. Although these social constructivist approaches allow researchers to identify sources of contingency in technological outcomes, they are less useful in explaining how aims and outcomes can converge across diverse settings. In this essay, I make the case that researchers of work and technology should endeavor to link the outcomes of artificial intelligence systems not only to their immediate environments but also to less visible—but nevertheless deeply influential—structural features of societies. I demonstrate the utility of this approach by elaborating on how finance capital structures technology choices in the workplace. I argue that investigating how the structure of ownership influences a firm’s technology choices can open our eyes to alternative models and politics of technological development, improving our understanding of how to make innovation work for everyone instead of allowing the benefits generated by technological change to be hoarded by a select few.

scholarly journals Human, not too Human: Technology, Rites, and Identity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
Stefania Operto
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Conceptual Category ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In the social sciences, the term “rite” identifies a set of practices and knowledge that contribute to forming the cultural models of a given society and has the aim of transmitting values and norms, institutionalization of roles, recognition of identity and social cohesion. This article examines the relationship between technology and ritual and the transformations in society resulting from the diffusion of new technologies. Technological progress is not a novelty in human development; though it is the first time in the history of humanity that technology has pervaded the lives of individuals and their relationships. The analyses conducted seem to show that the ritual is not intended to disappear but to change; to change forms and places. Postmodern societies have undergone profound modifications, but the conceptual category of ritual continues to be applicable to many human behaviors and it would be a mistake to support the idea that rituals are weakening.

scholarly journals Genome sequencing in the clinic: the past, present, and future of genomic medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 563-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy W. Prokop ◽  
Thomas May ◽  
Kim Strong ◽  
Stephanie M. Bilinovich ◽  
Caleb Bupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cancer Genomics ◽  
Genomic Medicine ◽  
Driver Gene ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

Genomic sequencing has undergone massive expansion in the past 10 yr, from a rarely used research tool into an approach that has broad applications in a clinical setting. From rare disease to cancer, genomics is transforming our knowledge of biology. The transition from targeted gene sequencing, to whole exome sequencing, to whole genome sequencing has only been made possible due to rapid advancements in technologies and informatics that have plummeted the cost per base of DNA sequencing and analysis. The tools of genomics have resolved the etiology of disease for previously undiagnosable conditions, identified cancer driver gene variants, and have impacted the understanding of pathophysiology for many diseases. However, this expansion of use has also highlighted research’s current voids in knowledge. The lack of precise animal models for gene-to-function association, lack of tools for analysis of genomic structural changes, skew in populations used for genetic studies, publication biases, and the “Unknown Proteome” all contribute to voids needing filled for genomics to work in a fast-paced clinical setting. The future will hold the tools to fill in these voids, with new data sets and the continual development of new technologies allowing for expansion of genomic medicine, ushering in the days to come for precision medicine. In this review we highlight these and other points in hopes of advancing and guiding precision medicine into the future for optimal success.

scholarly journals New Industrialization: Phases, Dominants and Patterns

2020 ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
Yuliya V. Razvadovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
New Industrialization

The article attempts to identify the key parameters of new industrialization, scientifically substantiate the place of such components as digitalization, cooperation, and the role of the public sector in economic transformation. An attempt is made to formulate the main theses of the concept of phase, which makes it possible to establish not only the divisibility of the process of new industrialization, but also to identify the main economic characteristics in the form of dominants, determinants and patterns for each phase of neoindustrial transformations. It is noted that, in most of the existing studies, new industrialization itself acts as one of the phases of economic development, along with such phases as industrialization, deindustrialization and reindustrialization. Each of these phases has a corresponding time interval and corresponding key parameters that allow identifying the main processes and results of passing the phase. Moreover, each of these phases also obeys the laws of phase behavior and, accordingly, can be divided into certain phases. The article considers new industrialization as a fourphase process. In view of the fact that new industrialization is a process that includes both the goals of modernization and the goals of innovative development, and thus assumes that there is a lag behind the basic technological development of the potential of the industry, the first phase of the process is the initiation of new industrialization, which implies a control effect on the process. Increasing the productivity of capital and labor in the system of new industrialization presupposes the active use of new technologies and knowledge, the increasing of efficiency through the widespread involvement of technological innovations in the economic circulation, as well as structural changes and the use of new combinations of resources. Digitalization at the initial stage of new industrialization can be viewed as a digital transformation, which leads to the formation of a new technological basis for production. At the stage of the full deployment of new industrialization, digitalization is a determinant that ensures the effective development of neoindustrial transformations. At the initial stage of new industrialization, the form of ownership of industrial resources is considered as a key dominant. The author concludes that key parameters such as digitalization, cooperation and the form of ownership at various phases of new industrialization can act as both determining and influencing factors, and under certain conditions become process patterns.

scholarly journals Criminological Problems of the Digital World (Digital Criminology)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Anna Serebrennikova
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The development of information society and the corresponding technologies raises to a new level the tasks of counteracting crimes committed using such technologies, and of minimizing damage from them. The growth in the scale of new types of crime is a cause of worry for the society and the authorities, and especially for criminologists, as the penetration of criminals into the virtual environment and their mastery of new technologies acquire dangerous forms, change criminal motivation and, at the same time, to some extent stimulate the development of information and telecommunication technologies. The growing sophistication of the tasks of preventing and counteracting hi tech crimes makes it necessary to critically assess the current criminological methods and to make an attempt to go beyond the known «common» methods of neo-classical criminology. The development of the digital criminology concept cannot be reduced to an aggregate of pioneer technological methods developed on the basis of mathematical modeling, i.e. computer processing of quantitative and qualitative parameters of crimes, mathematical detection of different dependencies (on time, place and other variables), it could and should be understood in a wider sense: on the one hand, it should influence the new criminological paradigm, and on the other - it should develop within its boundaries. The modern information-analytical sphere in the work of law enforcement bodes includes the use of digital criminological instruments within the programs of crime prevention, mathematical methods of analyzing crimes, profiling, etc. Their aggregate is generally applicable to criminological analysis and prediction, however, it does not have the most cutting edge theoretical basis that corresponds to the tasks of counteracting crimes of the digital world; it is now being formed on the basis of criminological neo-classics, the advances of the social sciences and the humanities, digital criminology. The predictions of new industrial revolutions include a rapid acceleration of the pace of technological development, a systemic transformation of production and management, which will not only stimulate a global rise in the living standards, but will also increase inequality and, consequently, will provide an impetus to crime. These aspects should be taken into consideration when predicting future development of digital criminology, whose theories should be based on the conceptual models of social development of the near future. Social consequences of the predicted new industrial revolutions will inevitably become new common determiners of the crimes of the future, as it always happened in the past.

scholarly journals Noonomy. The future: fourth technological revolution requires profound economic and social changes

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
S.D. Bodrunov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Society ◽  
Global Catastrophe

The author introduces a new concept of noonomy, i.e. the foundation of the future society which can come to pass if we pursue the rational path of civilizational development. The establishment of noonomy as a consequence of accelerated technological development (particularly, the achievements of the fourth technological revolution) requires profound changes in economic and social life, specifically, the adoption of an active industrial policy. A major distinction of the noonomy lies in the absence of interpersonal relations pertaining to material production. An aggregate of current society’s problems and contradictions necessitates the transition to a new stage of social development. With the pivotal role of technosphere development, stagnation of socioeconomic institutions and weak behavioral control determined by the level of cultural development create a very realistic possibility of a global catastrophe. Progress assessment should rely not on GDP growth, but on a set of criteria which will evaluate the satisfaction of reasonable (non-simulative) and environmentally friendly human wants. In spite of going through a difficult time, Russia has a chance of reaching such future. In order to achieve that, we need to perform a breakthrough reliant on preserving and capitalizing on our cultural, educational and research potential.

scholarly journals Priority of a Value-oriented Approach in the Development and Implementation of Information Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Yuliia Trach
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Oriented Approach

The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the value-oriented approach and substantiate the necessity of its application during the development and implementation of information technologies. The research methodology is based on the application of a systematic approach as a gen­eral scientific principle of understanding complex organized objects, as well as a dialectical method necessary for the implementation of cultural studies research. The scientific novelty of the research is that the article has further developed approaches to the development of technology on humanistic principles, due to the dehumanization of modern society under the influence of new technologies. Conclusions. The importance of carrying out relevant scientific and technological research, making efforts to raise awareness at the turning points of technology development and initi­ating discussions on the context of their application, including consideration of social values at different stages of technological development. It was revealed that among the priorities of technology application should be: focus on social values, empowerment, promoting the formation of the future by people and for people, etc. This requires responsible management of technologies, control over their use, substantiation of the optimal implementation of values in their development. The social values and needs of mankind should become an indispensable criterion of perception of the newest technologies.

The Underlying Structures of Low Carbon Mobility

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Newman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
City Planning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Automobile Dependence ◽  
The Future ◽  
Global Carbon

This chapter shows that electric transport technologies along with renewable natural gas and biofuels can provide the low carbon mobility base for the future but that structural changes reducing the need to travel by car, truck and plane are also needed for this transition. The potential for creating cities free of automobile dependence now enables us to create oil-free cities that are strongly economically competitive and highly live­able. The technologies and practices outlined suggest that we can be oil-free by 2050 and renewably based oil-free by 2100 as outlined by the IPCC. The structural changes outlined suggest that the changes in transportation, urban design and city planning, are well underway but must continue if we are to meet global carbon goals. Continuing reduction in automobile dependence and the growth in new technologies can enable us to create cities that are oil-free, based on options that are viable and attractive.

The Future of Adolescent Psychiatry

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ll. Parry-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Adolescent Medicine ◽  
Psychiatric Training ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Definition Of

BackgroundAppraisal of the future of adolescent psychiatry is required urgently, in view of the increasing scrutiny of mental health service priorities and the need for informed planning of psychiatric training and manpower requirements.MethodFuture developments are set in the context of the changing concept and connotations of adolescence, the history and present position of adolescent psychiatry, and the rationale for separate services.ResultsPredictions are derived using trend extrapolation, in relation to a number of factors likely to determine the future. These include the social value attached to adolescence and youth, the status of adolescent medicine, the definition of clinical boundaries, the upper age-limit of services, investment in prevention, postgraduate training, research, the evaluation and marketing of adolescent psychiatry and, finally, its recognition as a separate sub-speciality.ConclusionsPredictions suggest that adolescent psychiatry will assume an expanding clinical role and increasing academic influence in the 21st century.

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