scholarly journals On the Reasons of Chinas Stable Economic Development in the XX - XXI Centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Maria Balashova ◽  
Anastasiia Trufanova ◽  
Matvey Troshkin
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
World Order ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Internal And External Factors

As is well known, the global economy is a flexible system of relationships between its key actors, and it is directly subject to the constant impact of both internal and external factors. Among the latter are the processes of globalization, integration, liberalization, transnationalization and others. They fundamentally change the rules of organization and conduct of international economic relations. Those countries that were able to duly assess the scale of imminent changes and flexibly respond to them by adjusting national macroeconomic policies were able to take leading positions in the structure of the modern world order. A striking example of such a state is China, which, despite its catching-up type of development, has reached the level of developed countries in a number of indicators and has become one of the significant poles in the structure of the modern world order. The study conducted by the authors of the article showed that the PRC managed to achieve such a result due to the competent reforms initiated in the 1970s by Deng Xiaoping and still ongoing taking into account best world practices. The country’s leadership’s choice of the IT sector as a flagship for further progressive development of the country’s economy has already brought China significant benefits of a strategic nature.

scholarly journals Russia in Economic Globalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 03039
Author(s):  
Valery Smirnov ◽  
Vladislav Semenov ◽  
Anna Zakharova ◽  
Anzhelika Abramova ◽  
Elena Perfilova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
World Order ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economy Globalization

The article analyzes the current state of the Russian economy in the context of globalization. The research reveals the dominant role of capitalist countries in the process of globalization. The role of developing countries is related to ensuring a balanced world economy. Globalization causes changes in world economic relations. Russia has taken an active position not only among developing but also developed countries. The article reveals that in the context of the US trade war with China and increased protectionism, developing countries have assumed the risks of losing capital and falling into a deeper and longer recession. Russia’s position in economic globalization is linked to the place of BRICS in modern world order. Modern world order requires Russia to initiate the creation of new geopolitical communities, in addition to BRICS. To maintain Russia’s stable position in the world economy, modern objective reality requires not only its participation in various geopolitical communities,but also their initiation.

The Rise of Transnational Corporations from Developing Countries in the Second Half of the 20th Century

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11 (109)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Alexey Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Order ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment Stock

The article highlights three stages of the formation of multinationals from developing countries. Although first Argentine TNCs appeared at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries, in the majority of the Global South countries TNCs appeared in the 1960s — 1980s. With the collapse of the bipolar world order, which in many developing countries was accompanied by significant internal political and economic transformations, the second stage of foreign expansion of TNCs from the Global South began. Indeed, in 1990 they accounted for 6 % of global outward foreign direct investment stock, while the figure was 10 % by the end of 2005. We date the beginning of the third stage to the financial and economic crisis of 2007—2009, since multinationals from developing countries as a whole are more successfully overcoming the period of turbulence in the global economy. By the end of 2020, they accounted for 22 % of global outward foreign direct investment stock, and during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis they generally exported more than 50% of the capital. The modern foreign expansion of such TNCs has many reasons, differs greatly from country to country, and often differs slightly from the specifics of Western multinationals. At the same time, initially, “late internationalization” in developing countries had two main vectors — the use of new opportunities for South — South cooperation and overcoming, through the creation of subsidiaries in highly developed countries, the shortcomings of the business environment of “catching up” countries.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF VIETNAM’S ECONOMIC STRATEGY IN MODERN ARCHITECTONICS OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmytro Kolechko
Keyword(s):  
Market Reform ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Economic Strategy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The article analyzes the evolution of Vietnam’s economic strategy based on the concept of institutional archi- tecture. The main internal and external factors that determined the goals of the economic strategy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam since its inception have been identified. The evolution of the country’s economic strategy in response to the change of target priorities under the influence of not only internal factors, but also in view of the formation of global architecture is substantiated. There are four main stages in the evolution of Vietnam’s economic strategy in global architectonics according to the main characteristics. The first stage (1975–1985) of the transition from an autonomous to a partially autonomous economic strategy of Vietnam in global architecture is characterized as postwar reconstruction, unification of economic complexes of the northern and southern territories into a single system on a planning and administrative basis and external economic integration on the ideological principle. The second stage (1986–2001) of the transition from an autonomous to a partially open economic strategy of regional orientation is characterized by market reform while maintaining the directive role of the state and a pragmatic regional foreign economic strategy. The third stage (2002–2010) of the transition from a partially open economic strategy of regional orientation to a partially open economic strategy of global orientation is characterized by expanding the spheres of market reform while maintaining planning and administrative principles and increasing openness in foreign economic strategy. The fourth stage (2011 – present) the transition to an open export-oriented economic strategy of catching up is characterized by expanding market economy, increasing transparency of state-owned enterprises, narrowing sectors of direct planning and administrative management, pragmatism in geoeconomic strategy, expanding global participation. The results of the economic strategy and significant successes in the market reform of Vietnam’s economy are manifested in high rates of economic growth, improving the welfare of the population. However, not all strategic goals have been achieved yet, in particular the task of industrialization remains relevant.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC AND CONCEPTUAL GROUNDS OF JUSTIFICATION OF THE ESSENCE OF THE ELECTRONIC COMMERCE SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Alfimova
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tremendous Impact

E-commerce today is the fastest growing part of the global economy. Complex processes of digitalization, which have already penetrated into all spheres of economic activity, development of information technology and the COVID-19 pandemic have had a tremendous impact on the development of this type of commerce in all developed countries. The e-commerce development in last ten years has increased in several years, the capitalization of enterprises operating in this area has also grown rapidly, and the scale of activity of some of them has spread to all countries. Thus, the above confirms the importance of new research in this area, given the scale of its operation and significant prospects for further global development. Within the article, the nature of e-commerce using the methodology of a system approach is considered. This allowed to substantiate the basic components of this system, to determine relationships between them, to describe the motivation of the main economic agents that play a key role in the development of e-commerce. The use of the advantages of the system approach, which are also specified in the article, allowed to deepen the understanding of the composition of the outlined system, its interaction with the elements of the external environment. Thus, it is established that the e-commerce system is a system of relationships between economic agents that arise by sale, purchase of goods and services via the Internet, the implementation of other business transactions for the development of such relationships, which interacts with the elements of the environment, its function, has a single purpose of existence - to meet the demand for goods and services and to make a profit. In addition, within the article, the feasibility of additional research in the field of knowledge of individual subsystems of the e-commerce system, which reflect the relationship between certain types of economic relations in the process of buying, selling and providing goods and consuming services, is substantiated.

PROBLEMS OF EXPANDING AND DEEPENING INTERACTION BETWEEN THE MEMBER COUNTRIES OF THE BRICS STRATEGIC ASSOCIATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
K. S. LEONOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
The World

The article is devoted to the study of key problems in the expansion and integration between the BRICS alliance members in a globalizing world. The relevance of the article is characterized by growing economic integration between the BRICS member countries in the modern world economy. Under the conditions of reconfiguration of the world order, scientific justifications have been developed, as a result of which the BRICS strategic association could take more advantageous positions in the global economy.

scholarly journals Agreements and Dispute Settlement in China–Africa Economic Ties

2019 ◽  
pp. 216-238
Author(s):  
Won L. Kidane
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Economic Ties

Unencumbered by a history of an intrinsically hierarchical relationship, contemporary China–Africa economic ties appear to have the benefit of being on balance politically horizontal, economically reciprocal, and systemically transactional. A corpus of credible evidence now demonstrates that overall the economic ties of the last couple of decades in the areas of trade, investment, and other types of commercial relations have been remarkably successful. The trajectories also appear optimistic. Beginning from ancient times, political boundaries notwithstanding, commercial relations have always been ordered by law. The existing post-colonial modern world order is, however, largely formalistic and moderately harmonized. It expects formal rules and institutions for the ordering of economic affairs of the scale and complexity represented by China’s contemporary relations with Africa. This chapter identifies and critically appraises China–Africa’s use of agreements to order their economic relations, and the mechanisms of dispute settlement that these agreements envision.

scholarly journals The economic potential of the brics countries as a challenge to modern world realities

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Sergeevich Streltsov ◽  
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Rozhin ◽  
Sh. S. Vosiev ◽  
Sergey Nikolaevich Kosnikov
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Cheap Labor ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Modern Economic

Today, the governments of various countries, regardless of the level of economic growth of the state, strive to initiate macroeconomic policies aimed at achieving better economic indicators in order to increase the level of business activity and, finally, to ensure a better quality of life for people. In this regard, the policy of the BRICS countries is very indicative. The author analyzes the importance of the BRICS group as representatives of developing countries in the world economy. The article points out that the financial crisis did not have a strong impact on the BRICS group, and its economic performance was much better than that of developed countries. The main factors that led to the economic expansion of the group were the increased influence in a number of markets, as well as the huge scale of resources, including labor. For example, Brazil and Russia rely mainly on huge mineral reserves and speculation in international markets. China has the advantage of cheap labor and resources at low prices. India also relies on cheap labor. Last but not least, all the BRICS countries, except Brazil, demonstrate very high rates of investment. The purpose of the work is to consider the economic potential of the BRICS countries as a challenge to modern economic realities.

scholarly journals EKONOMI POLITIK DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INDUSTRIALISASI GLOBAL

SIMAK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Ely Steven Ingratubun ◽  
Wihalminus Sombolayuk
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

The dynamics of globalization and liberalization of the world economy are moving so fast, encouraging increased openness of economic relations between nations. Through various trade agreements, such as APEC, AFTA and CAFTA, competition is increasing. According to the World Economic Forum on global competitiveness, Indonesia was ranked 69th (among 177 countries studied) in 2004 and fell to 74th in 2005 .. The development of industrialization in the global economy is a step strategy in response to economical globalization. The involvement of Indonesia in the global economic cooperation has increased its national commitment, both in undergoing economic liberalization and in developing its national economic competitiveness. This research illustrates Indonesia's political challenges in responding to the dynamic changes of the global economy. So this research is in the form of a literature review of the literature on political economy about the development of global industries as one of the central economies of a country, especially Indonesia in order to stabilize future economic fundamentals. This study aims to find out and explore the role of political economy in the development of global industries in each country, both developing and developed countries and this research to determine the extent to which the role of global industrialization affects the economy of a country in the future.

scholarly journals Concepts of South-South Economic Cooperation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Order ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The South ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Global North ◽  
Economic Ties

The paper traces the evolution of conceptual approaches to South-South economic cooperation. It is shown that with the collapse of the bipolar system and the rise of globalization the interest in South-South cooperation have risen again, and compared to the 1950–1970-ies focuses more on economic relations of developing countries. At the same time, the article shows that the deepening differentiation of the countries of the global South allows us to consider the South-South dialogue as ambiguous process. According to the author, this is a set of relations of very different level of interaction between developing countries, which are part of a more fundamental process of transformation of the existing “Westcentric” world order. The paper identifies four such levels, characterized by very different opportunities for participating in economic ties between developing countries: relations of major countries of the South with each other (especially in BRICS and IBSA groups); the interaction of the largest countries with other developing countries (most known for the cooperation in the framework of “One belt, one road” Chinese initiative); intensive contacts of countries of the global South due to the objectively existing neighborhood effect (the most famous integration groupings are ASEAN in Southeast Asia and MERCOSUR in Latin America); and cross-border ties of small developing countries geographically distant from each other. The paper concludes that South-South cooperation cannot be a full-fledged alternative to other global economic ties. Indeed, countries of the global North dominate in many areas and more often still offer mutually beneficial cooperation to developing countries, so that isolation from the global North is akin to autarky. South-South cooperation should be viewed primarily as a way to develop additional forms of interaction different from that dominant in the contemporary world, prescribed mainly taking into account the views of several leading economic powers. Thus, it is correct to speak of South- non-West cooperation, referring to rather developed countries that are not able to build relations with the US and key EU countries (e.g. Russia). 

Position of Russia in economic globalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1646-1670
Author(s):  
V.V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
World Order ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Stable Position ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
The Us ◽  
World Economic

Subject. The article considers the position of Russia in economic globalization. Objectives. I focus on determining the position of Russia in economic globalization. Methods. The study rests on the systems approach, using the methods of statistical, cluster, and neural network analysis. Results. A slowdown in globalization has caused changes in the existing world economic relations. Russia has taken an active position among developed countries, amid a decline in the role of Chinese exports in the world. I revealed that in the context of the US trade war with China and the strengthening of protectionism, developing countries assumed the risks of loss of capital and recession. The position of Russia in economic globalization is connected with the place of BRICS in the new world order. The new conditions of globalization made it necessary for Russia to initiate the creation of new geopolitical communities, in addition to BRICS, which should include Denmark, Singapore and Slovenia. The findings form new competencies of State authorities for making managerial decisions to maintain a stable position and image of Russia in the process of economic globalization. Conclusions. To maintain a stable position and image of Russia in the context of economic globalization, the modern objective reality requires both Russia’s participation in and initiation of various geopolitical communities. The said participation will ensure that Russia’s certain position and image is maintained in the economic globalization.

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