scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC AND CONCEPTUAL GROUNDS OF JUSTIFICATION OF THE ESSENCE OF THE ELECTRONIC COMMERCE SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Alfimova
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tremendous Impact

E-commerce today is the fastest growing part of the global economy. Complex processes of digitalization, which have already penetrated into all spheres of economic activity, development of information technology and the COVID-19 pandemic have had a tremendous impact on the development of this type of commerce in all developed countries. The e-commerce development in last ten years has increased in several years, the capitalization of enterprises operating in this area has also grown rapidly, and the scale of activity of some of them has spread to all countries. Thus, the above confirms the importance of new research in this area, given the scale of its operation and significant prospects for further global development. Within the article, the nature of e-commerce using the methodology of a system approach is considered. This allowed to substantiate the basic components of this system, to determine relationships between them, to describe the motivation of the main economic agents that play a key role in the development of e-commerce. The use of the advantages of the system approach, which are also specified in the article, allowed to deepen the understanding of the composition of the outlined system, its interaction with the elements of the external environment. Thus, it is established that the e-commerce system is a system of relationships between economic agents that arise by sale, purchase of goods and services via the Internet, the implementation of other business transactions for the development of such relationships, which interacts with the elements of the environment, its function, has a single purpose of existence - to meet the demand for goods and services and to make a profit. In addition, within the article, the feasibility of additional research in the field of knowledge of individual subsystems of the e-commerce system, which reflect the relationship between certain types of economic relations in the process of buying, selling and providing goods and consuming services, is substantiated.

scholarly journals The Psychology and Historical Perspective behind Entrepreneurial and Business Practices in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship

Indonesia is a country in southern Asia consisting of many islands and is the 4th largest populated country in the world. The country has one of the best economies in the world since it has been participating in international trade for many years. However, it has had drawbacks that have made it unable to reach the levels of the developed countries in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to study the facts behind the success and the failure of some business ventures. Additionally, the study of strategies by companies to have a competitive advantage in business is fundamental to understanding the situation in the country. The new research will seek to use the available analyses about the same topic to bring about a new understanding. Theories such as McClelland’s locus of control theory can apply in the study to understand the relationship between entrepreneurship and the psychology of people. The paper uses secondary sources review to get information about the topic to propose a solution to the challenges that the companies in the country have been facing towards achieving a competitive returns.

Perceptions of Factors Influencing Knowledge-based Technology Management in Conflict Areas

2010 ◽  
pp. 294-307
Author(s):  
Ian Hipkin
Keyword(s):  
Technology Management ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

A challenge for developing countries is to enter the global economy. This is impeded by weak infrastructure, poor educational and other formidable barriers as these countries embark on essential projects to improve living standards and ultimately create some sort of technological base. This chapter describes perceptions of knowledge-based technology management in Afghanistan, one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world. Afghanistan’s politics and history have always confronted managers with unique demands. The chapter examines the perceptions of Afghan managers regarding technology management by studying the relationship between the importance of different factors in managing new technology, and the extent to which a manager can control them. An importance-control grid framework is used to isolate individual parameters and to assess these in relation to a manager’s environment. The research highlights imbalances between importance and control, and suggests reasons therefore. Some broader implications for managers are also discussed.

Digital Strategies for the Transnationalization of the Banking Business: International Experience and Russian Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 557-568
Author(s):  
A. R. Akhmetova ◽  
T. A. Subtselnaya
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
General Scientific

Aim. The strengthening of globalization processes goes hand in hand with the intensification of international trade in goods and services, the structure of which depends on the decisive influence of new technologies that change the nature of cross-border cooperation. This determines the goals for studying the development of transnational banking with allowance for digitalization, which serves the purpose of maintaining economic relations at this level.Tasks. The authors consider digital technologies in banking as a resource that ensures the successful implementation of banking strategies aimed at reaching the transnational level of operation.Methods. This study uses theoretical and general scientific methods of systems, logical, structural, and comparative analysis.Results. It is established that changes taking place in the transnational banking business are primarily associated with the decreasing growth of the banking sector in developed countries and the increasing financial influence of countries with transitional and developing economies, including Russia.Conclusions. Based on a review of the international and Russian experience of digitalization in the banking sector, it is concluded that an efficient strategy for the development of transnational banking involves the integration of digital and non-digital resources. The goal of this process is to develop a brand-new service for providing access to innovative banking products and services, allowing the bank to remain competitive.

5. Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-82
Author(s):  
Christian Reus-Smit
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Global Organization ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Relationship

‘Economy’ examines the relationship between economies and the organization of political authority, arguing that the two are mutually dependent. After considering three shifting conditions—changes in the global economy, revolutions in technology, and shifts in the global distribution of economic resources from the West to the East—it examines key developments in the organization of political authority, and how these have affected global economic relations. It concludes with a brief discussion of three major economic challenges facing the global organization of political authority: the rise of new economies and actors, inequality and social dislocation, and the accelerating global environmental crisis.

Alternative Spatial Structure for Sustainable Rural Economy

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Spatial Reorganization ◽  
Problematic Issue

In developed countries with declining population growth, sustainable rural economic growth is a problematic issue that is made more difficult by severe international cost-saving competition. Well-organized spatial and economic systems may play a key role in solving this specific problem. These systems can be achieved by spatial reorganization and agglomeration economies in less congested rural areas. However, rural areas typically have lower levels of social welfare partly as a result of the limited variety of goods and services, which further reduces centripetal forces on population and economic activity. Accordingly, in rural areas, it may be important to organize a spatial structure that sustains the distribution of a variety of goods and services in insufficient economies of scale and scope by coordinating a common local central place as an interregional spatial framework. This article examines a location model for forming an intermediate hierarchical center to maintain both efficiency and equity for economic agents in rural areas.

scholarly journals Economic paradigms and economic communications

Upravlenie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Wawrosz ◽  
Radim Valenchik ◽  
Ondrei Roubal ◽  
Svetlana Sazanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Procedural Rationality ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Relationship

The development of modern economic theory is influenced by various factors of the external and internal environment. The factors of the external environment include: changes in the practice of economic entities, global economy, in the institutional environment, technological changes. The factors of the internal environment include: changes in the field of scientific knowledge in general, as well as changes in the methodology of economic science itself. The main driving force behind the development of economic theory is the evolution of economic paradigms, which has an impact on the methodological choice of researchers, their scientific worldview. An important component of human economic activity are economic communications, the essence and content of which have not been yet sufficiently studied from a theoretical point of view. Since economic communications are closely related to the behavior of economic agents, which affects, in turn, the results of economic activity, their study is an urgent task. The subject of research in the article is the relationship of economic paradigms and ideas about the essence of economic communication. The purpose of the article is to study the influence of the evolution of economic paradigms on the development of scientific ideas about economic communication. The authors have applies following research methods in the scientific paper: the method of rational reconstruction of science, the method of comparative analysis, the method of scientific abstraction and others. The relationship between the evolution of economic paradigms, theories of behavior of economic agents and the understanding of the role of economic communications in economic activity have been revealed. The authors investigated economic communications in the context of the theory of full, limited, procedural rationality, organic irrationality, as well as in the context of the theory of productive consumption. The main scientific results consist in identifying features in the understanding of the essence of economic communications from the point of view of various theories. The results obtained are the basis for the study of the systemic and humanistic foundations of economic communications, as well as the development of recommendations for improving economic communications.

scholarly journals Modeling of financial support for the development of critical infrastructure objects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (11) ◽  
pp. 103-126
Author(s):  
Volodymyr KULYK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
External Sector ◽  
The Relationship

Topical issues of analysis and modelling of financial support for development of critical infrastructure objects are considered. The processes of reproduction of the national economy are considered within the framework of the matrix of financial flows (matrix of social accounts), which integrally describes the relationship between the markets and the institutional structure of the economy, makes it possible to allocate individual processes and conduct their analysis for criticality (profitability). The toolkit of these matrixes is taken as a basis for assessing the reproduction processes and identifying their criticality.To this end, a matrix of financial flows has been prepared, which has a block structure (goods and services, production and formation of income, financial flows, budgets of institutional sectors, gross investments, external sector), and generally includes 21 accounts, determining the reproduction processes under the scheme “GDP by income categories – net savings of institutional sectors”. The criticality of economic infrastructure is proposed to be assessed as the share of reproducing (gross, net) income in the structure of GDP, as the volatility of these incomes to GDP. Modelling of financial support for the development of critical infrastructure objects consists in the formation of internal conditions of economic growth – in ensuring the subjectivity of economic agents and the growth of national savings. Measures to improve the parameters of criticality in the processes of reproduction of economic infrastructure have been proposed. Methodological and informational sources of research were methodological provisions on national accounting and statistical materials of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine.

scholarly journals The impact of the institutional environment digitalization on the sharing economy development

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-343
Author(s):  
Anna Yur'evna Veretennikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Platform Economy

The spread of the sharing economy and the growing interest to this concept is caused by the transformation of business models, which is due to the redistribution of the importance of the economic, social and environmental goals of consumers, manufacturers and suppliers of goods and services. Institutional factors of doing business have a particular importance. At the same time, the rise of digital technology has become a catalyst for the transformation of the rules and regulations establishing transactions between economic agents of various levels. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of institutional environment digitalization on the sharing economy development as a basis for its further regulation. The novelty of the research lies in identifying regularities in institutional environment digitalization. The article describes various aspects of analyzing the sharing economy, reveals a narrow and broad interpretation of the studied term based on the fact that the sharing economy is a part of the digital and platform economy. It is shown that the sharing economy is also at the intersection of the access economy, platform economy and community-based economy. Two key approaches to sharing economy are defined: technological with the focus on sharing economy driven by the digital technologies and socioinstitional with the transformations of rules and standards regulating the interaction of economic agents within this model. Correlation-regression analysis is applied to test the hypotheses about the influence of institutional environment digitalization typical for formal and informal institutes, as well as the network relations on the development of the sharing economy. The European Index of Digital Entrepreneurship Systems (EIDES) and The Timbro Sharing Economy Index were used as an information base for the study. The research arrives at a nonlinear regression model showing the significance and impact nature of the development of network relations and social media on the sharing economy. Hypotheses about the influence of the digital component of formal and informal institutions have been refuted. The article justifies the need for the development of inclusive institutes to regulate sharing economy, which will stimulate the solution of social, economic and environmental problems in the society. The theoretical significance of the study lies in expanding the provisions of economic theory in the field of studying the transformation of economic relations under the changes in external and internal socio-economic conditions and the institutional environment development for sharing economy. The practical significance lies in the possibility to apply the conclusions and recommendations to improve socio-economic regulating policy for sharing economy at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels of economy. The results obtained in the research may be of interest to the specialists analyzing the transformation of economic relations and the problems of the formation and development of sharing economy. Further research will relate directly to the issues of institutional design of the sharing economy, as well as the study of the application potential to solve socially significant problems at various levels of management.

scholarly journals EKONOMI POLITIK DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INDUSTRIALISASI GLOBAL

SIMAK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Ely Steven Ingratubun ◽  
Wihalminus Sombolayuk
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

The dynamics of globalization and liberalization of the world economy are moving so fast, encouraging increased openness of economic relations between nations. Through various trade agreements, such as APEC, AFTA and CAFTA, competition is increasing. According to the World Economic Forum on global competitiveness, Indonesia was ranked 69th (among 177 countries studied) in 2004 and fell to 74th in 2005 .. The development of industrialization in the global economy is a step strategy in response to economical globalization. The involvement of Indonesia in the global economic cooperation has increased its national commitment, both in undergoing economic liberalization and in developing its national economic competitiveness. This research illustrates Indonesia's political challenges in responding to the dynamic changes of the global economy. So this research is in the form of a literature review of the literature on political economy about the development of global industries as one of the central economies of a country, especially Indonesia in order to stabilize future economic fundamentals. This study aims to find out and explore the role of political economy in the development of global industries in each country, both developing and developed countries and this research to determine the extent to which the role of global industrialization affects the economy of a country in the future.

scholarly journals On the Reasons of Chinas Stable Economic Development in the XX - XXI Centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Maria Balashova ◽  
Anastasiia Trufanova ◽  
Matvey Troshkin
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
World Order ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Internal And External Factors

As is well known, the global economy is a flexible system of relationships between its key actors, and it is directly subject to the constant impact of both internal and external factors. Among the latter are the processes of globalization, integration, liberalization, transnationalization and others. They fundamentally change the rules of organization and conduct of international economic relations. Those countries that were able to duly assess the scale of imminent changes and flexibly respond to them by adjusting national macroeconomic policies were able to take leading positions in the structure of the modern world order. A striking example of such a state is China, which, despite its catching-up type of development, has reached the level of developed countries in a number of indicators and has become one of the significant poles in the structure of the modern world order. The study conducted by the authors of the article showed that the PRC managed to achieve such a result due to the competent reforms initiated in the 1970s by Deng Xiaoping and still ongoing taking into account best world practices. The country’s leadership’s choice of the IT sector as a flagship for further progressive development of the country’s economy has already brought China significant benefits of a strategic nature.

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