A qualitative study of the optimal control model for an electric power generating system

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Yidiat O. Aderinto ◽  
Mathias O. Bamigbola
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Transmission Losses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Generating System

The economic independence of any nation depends largely on the supply of abundant and reliable electric power and the extension of electricity services to all towns and villages in the country. In this work, the mathematical study of an electric power generating system model was presented via optimal control theory, in an attempt to maximize the power generating output and minimize the cost of generation. The factors affecting power generation at minimum cost are operating efficiencies of generators, fuel cost and transmission losses, but the most efficient generator in the system may not guarantee minimum cost as it may be located in an area where fuel cost is high. We choose the generator capacity as our control ui(t), since we cannot neglect the operation limitation on the equipment because of its lifespan, the upper bound for ui(t) is choosing to be 1 to represent the total capability of the machine and 0 to be the lower bound. The model is analyzed, generation loss free equilibrium and stability is established, and finally applications using real life data is presented using one generator and three generator systems respectively.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis Based on Adaptive Progressive Hybrid Censored Data From Lomax Distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-808
Author(s):  
Amal Helu ◽  
Hani Samawi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Lomax Distribution ◽  
Lindley’S Approximation ◽  
Bayesian Procedures ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Bayesian Estimators

In this article, we consider statistical inferences about the unknown parameters of the Lomax distribution basedon the Adaptive Type-II Progressive Hybrid censoring scheme, this scheme can save both the total test time and the cost induced by the failure of the units and increases the efficiency of statistical analysis. The estimation of the parameters is derived using the maximum likelihood (MLE) and the Bayesian procedures. The Bayesian estimators are obtained based on the symmetric and asymmetric loss functions. There are no explicit forms for the Bayesian estimators, therefore, we propose Lindley’s approximation method to compute the Bayesian estimators. A comparison between these estimators is provided by using extensive simulation. A real-life data example is provided to illustrate our proposed estimators.

scholarly journals Numerical solution of the age structure optimization problem for basic types of power plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniia Markova ◽  
Inna Sidler
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Integral Model ◽  
Variable Integration ◽  
The Cost

Our paper addresses an integral model of the large electric power system optimal development. The model takes into account the age structure of the main equipment, which is divided into several types regarding its technical characteristics. This mathematical model is a system of Volterra type integral equations with variable integration limits. The system describes the balance between the given demand for electricity, the commissioning of new equipment and the dismantling of obsolete equipment, as well as the shares of different types of power plants in the total composition of the electric power system equipment. Based on the developed model, we got numerical solution to the problem of finding the optimal strategy for replacing equipment with a minimum of the cost functional. The case study is the Unified Electric Power System of Russia. Calculations of the forecast for development of the electric power system of Russia until 2050 were made using real-life data.

Empirical performance of estimation methods in Beta mixed models with application to ecological data

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 2279-2293
Author(s):  
Saliou Diouf ◽  
Bruno Enagnon Lokonon ◽  
Freedath Djibril Moussa ◽  
GLèLè KAKAï
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Empirical Performance

This study uses a Monte Carlo simulation design to assess the performance of Beta and linear mixed models on bounded response variables through comparison of four estimation methods. Four factors affecting the performance of the estimation methods were considered: the number of groups, the number of observations per group, the variance and distribution of the random effects. Our results showed that, for small number of groups (less than 30), the Beta mixed model outperformed the linear mixed model whatever the size of the groups. In the case of a large number of groups (superior or equal to 30), both approaches showed relatively close performance. The results from the simulation study have been illustrated with real life data.

scholarly journals The performance of a flapping foil for a self-propelled fishlike body

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiano Paniccia ◽  
Luca Padovani ◽  
Giorgio Graziani ◽  
Renzo Piva
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Locomotion Speed ◽  
Optimal Efficiency ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Flapping Foils

AbstractSeveral fish species propel by oscillating the tail, while the remaining part of the body essentially contributes to the overall drag. Since in this case thrust and drag are in a way separable, most attention was focused on the study of propulsive efficiency for flapping foils under a prescribed stream. We claim here that the swimming performance should be evaluated, as for undulating fish whose drag and thrust are severely entangled, by turning to self-propelled locomotion to find the proper speed and the cost of transport for a given fishlike body. As a major finding, the minimum value of this quantity corresponds to a locomotion speed in a range markedly different from the one associated with the optimal efficiency of the propulsor. A large value of the feathering parameter characterizes the minimum cost of transport while the optimal efficiency is related to a large effective angle of attack. We adopt here a simple two-dimensional model for both inviscid and viscous flows to proof the above statements in the case of self-propelled axial swimming. We believe that such an easy approach gives a way for a direct extension to fully free swimming and to real-life configurations.

scholarly journals The reserve of joint torque determines movement coordination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germain Faity ◽  
Denis Mottet ◽  
Simon Pla ◽  
Jérôme Froger
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Movement Coordination ◽  
Trunk Motion ◽  
Additional Load ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractHumans coordinate biomechanical degrees of freedom to perform tasks at minimum cost. When reaching a target from a seated position, the trunk-arm-forearm coordination moves the hand to the well-defined spatial goal, while typically minimising hand jerk and trunk motion. However, due to fatigue or stroke, people visibly move the trunk more, and it is unclear what cost can account for this. Here we show that people recruit their trunk when the torque at the shoulder is too close to the maximum. We asked 26 healthy participants to reach a target while seated and we found that the trunk contribution to hand displacement increases from 11% to 27% when an additional load is handled. By flexing and rotating the trunk, participants spontaneously increase the reserve of anti-gravitational torque at the shoulder from 25% to 40% of maximal voluntary torque. Our findings provide hints on how to include the reserve of torque in the cost function of optimal control models of human coordination in healthy fatigued persons or in stroke victims.

Ineffectiveness of Historical Data in Predicting Measles Susceptibility

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-780
Author(s):  
Robert McN. Scott ◽  
Adrienne B. Butler ◽  
Manuel Schydlower ◽  
Peter Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Conservative Estimate ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
School Entrance ◽  
The Cost

The Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) has devised noninvasive, historical criteria for determining individuals who are susceptible to measles. These criteria, which involve proof of vaccination, are incorporated into school entrance regulations and are used to indicate people who require vaccination during outbreaks. In a recent measles epidemic in El Paso, TX, 120,000 records were screened using these criteria, and as a result 13,000 students were vaccinated. During this outbreak, 91 adolescents, who were susceptible to measles by ACIP criteria, were serologically tested for measles antibody. Although none of these students had documentation of vaccination, only 11.0% of them lacked measles hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody at a titer of 5. Assuming a minimum cost for vaccine of $2.60 per dose, a conservative estimate of the cost to the El Paso Health Department for 20,000 doses of measles vaccine would be $52,000. If these data can be extrapolated to the total student population, then upwards of 85% of vaccinated students were already immune. Thus, $44,200 was spent unnecessarily. In addition, as the ACIP criteria did not select for measles susceptibility, an estimated 12,000 students in El Paso were not protected against measles. Other methods to determine measles susceptibility should be developed for optimal control of future outbreaks.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Different Screening Strategies for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Based on Real-Life Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
M. Elske van den Akker-van Marle ◽  
Maartje Blom ◽  
Mirjam van der Burg ◽  
Robbert G. M. Bredius ◽  
Catharina P. B. Van der Ploeg
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Combined Immunodeficiency ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
The Cost

Although several countries have adopted severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) into their newborn screening (NBS) program, other countries are still in the decision process of adding this disorder in their program and finding the appropriate screening strategy. This decision may be influenced by the cost(-effectiveness) of these screening strategies. In this study, the cost(-effectiveness) of different NBS strategies for SCID was estimated based on real-life data from a prospective implementation study in the Netherlands. The cost of testing per child for SCID was estimated at EUR 6.36. The cost of diagnostics after screen-positive results was assessed to vary between EUR 985 and 8561 per child dependent on final diagnosis. Cost-effectiveness ratios varied from EUR 41,300 per QALY for the screening strategy with T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) ≤ 6 copies/punch to EUR 44,100 for the screening strategy with a cut-off value of TREC ≤ 10 copies/punch. The analysis based on real-life data resulted in higher costs, and consequently in less favorable cost-effectiveness estimates than analyses based on hypothetical data, indicating the need for verifying model assumptions with real-life data. The comparison of different screening strategies suggest that strategies with a lower number of referrals, e.g., by distinguishing between urgent and less urgent referrals, are favorable from an economic perspective.

scholarly journals OPP approach for multi degree of freedom robotic arm Based on Kinematics and Dynamics of Robot

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Praneet Dutta ◽  
Rashmi Ranjan Das ◽  
Rupali Mathur ◽  
Deepika Rani Sona
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Minimum Principle ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Joint Velocity

This paper deals with the trajectory and path generation of the industrial manipulator. The trajectory is obtained using the equations of motion and also the optimal path planning (OPP) approach under kinodynamic constraints. The optimal control problem is defined for the minimum cost function and to obtain the necessary conditions. Here we have used pontrygain’s minimum principle to obtain the limiting value of joint angle and also  the joint velocity and torque. In this paper we have used the “Two degree of freedom (DOF) manipulator” for analysis and designing the optimal control for multi link and multi degree of freedom manipulator. For analysis purposes,  simulation software has been used to formulate the trajectory and minimize the cost function involved.

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