scholarly journals Contamination of used toothbrushes and their decontamination with disinfecting agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 478-484
Author(s):  
Tshakane RMD Ralephenya ◽  
Julitha Molepo ◽  
Mulalo Molaudzi ◽  
Alfred Volchansky ◽  
Sindisiwe L Shangase
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Health Practitioners

AIM: To evaluate microbial contamination of toothbrushes and the efficacy of different oral disinfectant agents in their decontamination METHODS: The heads of 98 used toothbrushes derived from patients who needed oral hygiene treatment were included in the study. In the laboratory, microorganisms on toothbrush heads were identified using standard microbiological methods. Toothbrush heads with microorganisms were then randomly divided into four groups of 19 and disinfected with Brushtox, Andolex C, Listerine® and water (control), followed by microbiological analysis RESULTS: Seventy eight percent of toothbrushes were contaminated with different microorganisms. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were found in a high number of toothbrushes (49%), followed by Pseudomonas spp (37%), Staphylococcus aureus (32%), Streptococcus mutans (14%), coliforms (9%) and Candida albicans (3%). Decontamination of toothbrushes with Andolex C and Listerine® reduced the number of contaminated toothbrushes by 74% each, Brushtox by 90% and water by 0.0% CONCLUSION: Toothbrushes were contaminated with various types of microorganisms, but predominantly with CoNS. Although Brushtox is a toothbrush spray, soaking toothbrushes in this solution was the most effective method, reducing the number of disinfected toothbrushes by 90%. Oral health practitioners should raise awareness to their patients regarding the need to disinfect toothbrushes.

scholarly journals AÇÃO ANTIMICROBIANA DO Zingiber officinalle FRENTE À MICROBIOTA BUCAL

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (62) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Trindade Grégio ◽  
Edilene Sayuri Miyamoto Fortes ◽  
Edvaldo A. Ribeiro Rosa ◽  
Rossana Baggio Simeoni ◽  
Rosemeire Takaki Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans

A fitoterapia tem sido alvo de investigações científicas, especialmente em países do oriente. No Brasil, também ocorre um especial interesse da comunidade científica quanto ao uso, efeito e propriedades farmacológicas das plantas medicinais, tendo o seu uso direcionado ao tratamento de várias doenças. A microbiota bucal é um dos locais em que há uma maior variedade de microrganismos que podem, por um desequilíbrio, tornar-se patogênicos. Baseado nisso, um estudo do extrato da Zingiber officinalle foi realizado para avaliar o seu potencial antimicrobiano, com microrganismos comumente encontrados na cavidade bucal, no qual foi obtida a concentração mínima inibitória do extrato de gengibre frente a alguns tipos de patógenos presentes na microbiota bucal do ser humano. Foi utilizado o método microbiológico no qual os extratos glicólico e hidroalcoólico do gengibre sofreram diluições seriadas no meio de cultura (BHI) para uma posterior inoculação dos microrganismos, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli e Candida albicans. Obteve-se a concentração mínima inibitória dos extratos de gengibre, tanto na sua forma glicólica quanto hidroalcoólica. A dose mínima necessária para inibir o crescimento dos vários microrganismos testados foi de 5mg/ml dos dois extratos estudados. O extrato da Zingiber officinalle apresentou atividade antibacteriana e antifúngica relevante para a Odontologia, podendo contribuir para o tratamento de doenças causadas por esses microrganismos presentes na cavidade bucal.

scholarly journals UTILIZAÇÃO DE GÁS OZÔNIO NA DESINFECÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Thais Nogueira Gonzaga ◽  
Dora Inés Kozusny-Andreani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade técnica da aplicação de ozônio como bactericida e fungicida em amostras de resíduos de serviços de saúde potencialmente infectantes. Foram determinados os     micro-organismos presentes nos resíduos gerados em um hospital particular. Para realização das análises microbiológicas e o tratamento com ozônio o material foi particulado e homogeneizado. As análises microbiológicas foram realizadas antes e após a ozonização.Para os testes de desinfecção foram retirados 10,0g de amostra que foi submetida à ozonização por 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 minutos com doses de 140,0; 280,0; 420,0; 560,0 e 700,0mg L-1 de ozônio, respectivamente. Verificou-se presença de mesófilos totais, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp, Candida albicans e Rhizopus spp. O ozônio foi eficiente para eliminação de todos os micro-organismos em 20 minutos; nos primeiros cinco minutos de exposição ao gás verificou-se redução superior a 98%.Palavras-chave: Bactérias patogênicas. Fungos. Ozonização. USING OZONE GAS FOR DISINFECTION OF SOLID WASTE FROM HEALTH CARE SERVICES ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to evaluate the technical viability of the application of ozone as bactericide and fungicide in samples of potentially infectious health services residues. The microorganisms present in the waste generated in a private hospital were determined. The material was particulated and homogenized to perform the microbiological analysis and to undergo ozone treatment. Microbiological analysis was performed before and after ozonization. For the disinfection tests, 10.0g of sample were removed and submitted to ozonization for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes with 140,0; 280,0; 420,0; 560,0 and 700,0mg doses of L-1 of ozone, respectively. It was verified the presence of total mesophiles, total and thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp, Candida albicans and Rhizopus spp. Ozone was efficient while eliminating all microorganisms in 20 minutes; in the first five minutes of gas exposure, the reduction was greater than 98%.Keywords: Pathogenic bacteria. Fungi. Ozonization.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of thymol verified in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) after antimicrobial analysis in Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kely Karina Belato ◽  
Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda Saraiva de Oliveira ◽  
Luciane Dias de Oliveira ◽  
Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Murine Macrophages

Bacterial Contamination of Keyboards: Efficacy and Functional Impact of Disinfectants

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Rutala ◽  
Matthew S. White ◽  
Maria F. Gergen ◽  
David J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Potentially Pathogenic Microorganisms

Background.Computers are ubiquitous in the healthcare setting and have been shown to be contaminated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms. This study was performed to determine the degree of microbial contamination, the efficacy of different disinfectants, and the cosmetic and functional effects of the disinfectants on the computer keyboards.Methods.We assessed the effectiveness of 6 different disinfectants (1 each containing chlorine, alcohol, or phenol and 3 containing quaternary ammonium) against 3 test organisms (oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [ORSA], Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species) inoculated onto study computer keyboards. We also assessed the computer keyboards for functional and cosmetic damage after disinfectant use.Results.Potential pathogens cultured from more than 50% of the computers included coagulase-negative staphylococci (100% of keyboards), diphtheroids (80%), Micrococcus species (72%), and Bacillus species (64%). Other pathogens cultured included ORSA (4% of keyboards), OSSA (4%), vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus species (12%), and nonfermentative gram-negative rods (36%). All disinfectants, as well as the sterile water control, were effective at removing or inactivating more than 95% of the test bacteria. No functional or cosmetic damage to the computer keyboards was observed after 300 disinfection cycles.Conclusions.Our data suggest that microbial contamination of keyboards is prevalent and that keyboards may be successfully decontaminated with disinfectants. Keyboards should be disinfected daily or when visibly soiled or if they become contaminated with blood.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of oregan and clove essential oils against some foodborne pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Flavia Debiagi ◽  
Renata K.T. Kobayashi ◽  
Gerson Nakazato ◽  
Luciano Aparecido Panagio ◽  
Suzana Mali
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum

A preferência mundial para alimentos mais saudáveis e livres de aditivos químicos pelos consumidores, associada ao aumento da resistência bacteriana, resultaram na necessidade de medidas alternativas no setor de alimentos. Os óleos correspondem a antimicrobianos naturais e constituem uma classe emergente como substitutos dos produtos químicos sintéticos na conservação de alimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais de orégano (OEO) e cravo (CEO ) frente a bactérias, fungos e leveduras de importância no setor de alimentos. OEO e CEO foram avaliados in natura (IN) e após processamento térmico (TP) a 120 o C por 5 minutos. Para avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana frente a cada microrganismo empregou-se o método de discodifusão e o teste de microdiluição em caldo (MIC). Tanto o OEO quanto o CEO apresentaram zonas de inibição semelhantes para amostras IN e TP, indicando que a atividade antimicrobiana desses óleos são resistentes a altas temperaturas. Os microrganismos mais sensíveis para ambos os óleos essenciais foram os fungos (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum e Candida albicans), seguidos por Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus e Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA). Já as cepas Streptococcus mutans e Enterococcus faecalis apresentaram uma maior resistência frente à atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais. Em geral, os maiores halos de inibição e menores valores de MIC foram obtidos quando empregado o OEO, sugerindo uma maior atividade microbiana do mesmo quando comparado ao CEO

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of mouth rinses incorporating zein coated magnesium oxide nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada H Naguib ◽  
Mohamed T Hamed ◽  
Abdulkarim A Hatrom ◽  
Abeer M Alnowaiser ◽  
Sahar MN Bukhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Mgo Nanoparticles

Abstract Background The addition of antibacterial agents to oral prophylaxis materials showed inhibition of plaque accumulation and bacterial acid production. This study aimed to test the antimicrobial effect of distinctive oral mouth washes on an exemplary of oral bacteria after the addition of zein-coated MgO nanoparticles.Materials and Methods Three hundred and twelve groups were used in this study. MgO nanoparticles in five concentrations with zein and without zein-coating, were incorporated in three oral mouth washes: Listerine Zero, Listerine Total Control and Oral B in the mass percentages of 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%, in addition to controls with no MgO nanoparticles. The three mouthwashes with variable concentrations were studied in opposition of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans using two different tests, the Disc Diffusion Test (DDT) and Direct Contact Test (DCT). Data was analyzed with Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.Results Results showed a highly significant statistical difference of antimicrobial activity for all tested mouth washes with Zein coated MgO nanoparticles on Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans in the disc diffusion test. While in the DCT, all tested mouth washes with MgO nanoparticles with and without zein coating showed antimicrobial activity on all tested microorganisms.Conclusion Zein coated MgO nanoparticles is a potent antimicrobial agent when added to oral mouth washes. It is recommended to incorporate Zein MgO nanoparticles to Oral mouth washes to improve its antibacterial property.

Is nasal steroid spray bottle contamination a potential issue in chronic rhinosinusitis?

2013 ◽  
Vol 128 (S1) ◽  
pp. S28-S33 ◽  
Author(s):  
N C-W Tan ◽  
A J Drilling ◽  
C Jardeleza ◽  
P-J Wormald
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Intranasal Steroids ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Nasal Steroid

AbstractBackground:Intranasal steroids are the first line of treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis. Although contamination of adjunctive devices (e.g. irrigation bottles) has been much investigated, little is known about nasal contamination of the metered-dose spray bottles used to deliver intranasal steroids, and the potential influence on disease chronicity.Methods:Twenty-five prospectively recruited patients with stable chronic rhinosinusitis underwent microbiological analysis of their nasal vestibule and middle meatus and also of their steroid bottle tip and contents. Additionally, bottle tips were inoculated in vitro with Staphylococcus aureus and various sterilisation techniques tested.Results:For 18 of the 25 (72 per cent) patients, both nasal and bottle tip swabs grew either Staphylococcus aureus or coagulase-negative staphylococci. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from 7 of the 25 (28 per cent) patients, and 5 of these 7 had concomitant bacterial growth from both nose and steroid bottle. Thus, the cross-contamination rate was 71 per cent for Staphylococcus aureus infected patients and 20 per cent overall. Sterilisation was effective with boiling water, ethanol wipes and microwaving, but not with cold water or dishwashing liquid.Conclusion:Nasal steroid spray bottle tips can become contaminated with sinonasal cavity bacteria. Simple sterilisation methods can eliminate this contamination. Patient education on this matter should be emphasised.

scholarly journals Formulasi dan Evaluasi Larutan Pencuci Mulut dengan Bahan Antimikroba Senyawa 1,5-Bis (3’-Etoksi-4’-Hidroksifenil)-1,4-Pentadien-3-on

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Esti Mumpuni ◽  
Agus Purwanggana ◽  
Esti Mulatsari ◽  
Ryan Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans

Senyawa 1,5-bis(3’-etoksi-4’-hidroksifenil)-1,4-pentadien-3-on (EHP) merupakan analog kurkumin yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan formulasi dan evaluasi larutan pencuci mulut  dengan EHP sebagai bahan aktif antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formula dan menguji kestabilan formula obat kumur dengan bahan aktif EHP. Formulasi larutan pencuci mulut  dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi senyawa EHP 3, 6, 12, 16 dan 18 bpj. Evaluasi larutan pencuci mulut meliputi uji organoleptik, pH, kejernihan, bobot jenis dan aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Steptococcus mutans, dan Candida albicans. Uji antimikroba dilakukan dengan metode diffusi agar. Hasil evaluasi sediaan obat yang didapat dari pengujian organoleptik antara lain obat kumur berupa cairan dengan warna biru jernih, aroma mint dan rasa segar; memiliki rentang pH 6,15 - 6,74; dan bobot jenis 1,0419 - 1,0561 g/cm3. Evaluasi larutan pencuci mulut menunjukkan bahwa larutan pencuci mulut stabil dalam penyimpanan selama 1 bulan pada suhu 40°C. Uji antimikroba menunjukkan diameter daya hambat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538); Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 31987) dan Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) berkisar antara 6,2-8,4 mm pada konsentrasi senyawa EHP 18 bpj. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa senyawa EHP sangat potensial digunakan sebagai bahan antimikroba dalam formula larutan pencuci mulut.

scholarly journals Ekstrak buah kaktus pir berduri menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, dan Candida albicans Extract of cactus prickly pear inhibits the growing of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Irene Edith Rieuwpassa ◽  
Nurlindah Hamrun ◽  
St. Rahma Lukman ◽  
Reski Y. S ◽  
Soelistia Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Prickly Pear Cactus ◽  
Pear Cactus

The study aimed to determine the effect of prickly pear cactus extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcusaureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The laboratory experimental study using diffusion method. Theconcentration of the prickly pear cactus fruit extract used was 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, whereas bacterial samplesderived from the laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin. The observation ofseveral concentrations showed a decrease in the number of colonies contained S.aureus, S.mutans, C.albicanssignificant with increasing concentrations of the prickly pear cactus fruit extract. From these observations, thelargest inhibitory concentration present in a concentration of 100%. The conclusion is the fruit of the prickly pearcactus extract can inhibit the growth of S.aureus, S.mutans, and C.albicans. The higher the concentration of theextract, the more reduced the growth of S.aureus colonies, S.mutans, and C.albicans and vice versa.

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