scholarly journals PROPERTY-SYNDICATION INVESTMENT V PROPERTY SCAM: WHO DECIDES? A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE REGULATION OF PUBLIC-PROPERTY SYNDICATION SCHEMES IN SOUTH AFRICA

Obiter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Woker
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
Vulnerable Consumers ◽  
The Individual

Building an investment portfolio is an important part of saving for retirement. This not only benefits the individual concerned but it also has benefits for the economy as a whole. Investment in property is regarded as an essential element of an investment portfolio and many investors have over the years invested in public-property syndications. Unfortunately such investments have proved to be very risky and there have been some spectacular failures with severe consequences especially for elderly, vulnerable consumers. There is a need to ensure that all investment opportunities are properly regulated and different aspects of property syndications are regulated by different regulators including the Reserve Bank, the Department of Trade and Industry, the newly established Consumer Commission and the Financial Services Board. There seems to be some confusion amongst regulators over which entity is ultimately responsible for ensuring that such investments are sound and reliable and that consumers can have faith that they are not investing in a scam. The fact that no one regulator is responsible for overseeing the full picture is problematic because it enables the unscrupulous to slip under the radar and avoid detection. This paperseeks to consider the question of which regulator is or should be responsible for regulating public-property syndications and to make some suggestions for reform going forward.

Role of regulators in intensifying financial access to the untouched segment of society in developing country

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Kandpal
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Ease Of Access

India is a country with diversity noticeable in each division of life as well as financial services. The current study examines the initiatives taken by the Ministry of Finance and Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to intensify the accessibility to investment opportunities in financial instruments for the poor or deprived section of society, the initiatives taken in past, present scenario and to recommend the initiatives for the longer term. Households living in rural areas or having low income usually lack access to banking services or financial services. It is tough for these families to save and to arrange financial resources for the longer term. The ease of access and usage of the financial services and products influences the economic health of the individuals as well as of the state. It has been analyzed that the most important barrier towards accessibility of financial service is the psychological and the profitability of banks. There is a requirement for a robust, dynamic research-based business model with regard to an innovative, digitalized and sound economic system.

Semiology of the Pain Syndrome - Identifying the Ideal Methods of Locoregional Anesthesia Based on Their Rationale and Features

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2373-2377
Author(s):  
Mihaela Monica Scutariu ◽  
Vlad Danila ◽  
Corina Ciupilan ◽  
Oana Elena Ciurcanu
Keyword(s):  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Structuring Element ◽  
Technical Accuracy ◽  
Locoregional Anesthesia ◽  
Special Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree

Anesthesia and the degree of control over the perception of pain depends on the personality of the individual, the socio-economic conditions, potential previous painful experiences and, last but not least, on fatigue and fear of the dentist. The perception of pain in patients is closely connected to their mental state. Pain is defined as a sensation of discomfort, with wide variations, both in quality and intensity, for different people in seemingly identical conditions; an unpleasant sensitive and emotional phenomena connected to the threat of a wound or caused in the tissues or described in the terms of this disease. The essential element of any type of anesthesia is analgesia, an effect which in some cases cannot be achived, due to the patient�s particularities or the physician�s lack of experience in anesthesia. Locoregional anesthesia (LRA) represents the blocking of the nociceptive sensitive and sympathetic autonomic afferents as well as that of motor efferents at the level of peripheral nerves� axons, by means of local anesthetic. To achieve the set purpose, we carried out a study on a representative human sample comprised of 10.123 patients treated in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic (Ambulatory) from the County Clinic Emergency Hospital St. Spiridon Iasi, between 01.01.2015-31.12.2016. The reason for the exclusion of certain categories of patients in the reseach was: the patients with a special conditions background require individual pre-anesthesia schemes, personalised for the nature of the pre-existing general condition, which must be further approved by the attending specialist physician : cardiologist, internist, diabetologist; children under 18 years old, with a high degree of anxiety; a high precentage of elderly patients, over 60 years old, possess a combination of general issues, thus requiring a special approach. The thoroughness lying at the core of the anesthetic practice, most especially the safegurading of a technical accuracy in the performance of anesthesia [12,], instead of improvisations, the lack of anatomical and stomatological training in general and the resulting inefficiency as such, is the underlying in-depth structuring element of this paper.

Critical examination of various approaches used for analysing helical cables

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Raoof ◽  
I Kraincanic
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Hertzian Contact ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
First Order ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fixed End

Using theoretical parametric studies covering a wide range of cable (and wire) diameters and lay angles, the range of validity of various approaches used for analysing helical cables are critically examined. Numerical results strongly suggest that for multi-layered steel strands with small wire/cable diameter ratios, the bending and torsional stiffnesses of the individual wires may safely be ignored when calculating the 2 × 2 matrix for strand axial/torsional stiffnesses. However, such bending and torsional wire stiffnesses are shown to be first order parameters in analysing the overall axial and torsional stiffnesses of, say, seven wire stands, especially under free-fixed end conditions with respect to torsional movements. Interwire contact deformations are shown to be of great importance in evaluating the axial and torsional stiffnesses of large diameter multi-layered steel strands. Their importance diminishes as the number of wires associated with smaller diameter cables decreases. Using a modified version of a previously reported theoretical model for analysing multilayered instrumentation cables, the importance of allowing for the influence of contact deformations in compliant layers on cable overall characteristics such as axial or torsional stiffnesses is demonstrated by theoretical numerical results. In particular, non-Hertzian contact formulations are used to obtain the interlayer compliances in instrumentation cables in preference to a previously reported model employing Hertzian theory with its associated limitations.

scholarly journals What Determines the Financial and Insurance Services Exports: The Case of the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1081
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Karakostas
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Almost All

The financial sector is a very basic pillar of the international financial system. Almost all countries of the present international economic system participate in international financial services. Today's era, due to intense globalization, constant capital movements, continuous commercial integration and the ever-increasing financial interconnection, have made financial and insurance services an essential element of the present reality. The financial sector is an industry that is very 'sensitive' to the macroeconomic and political stability of countries. This means that countries that are considered unstable cannot have a positive impact on their financial activities. One country that has a strong position in the financial sector is the United Kingdom (UK). The question that can be asked is this: what are the factors that determine the optimal functioning of financial and insurance activities. One answer could be the strong financial institutions of a country. Another answer is the corruption indicator. Or even the existence of intervention by the state apparatus in the financial functions. Of course, these factors must have tangible proof of the functioning of the economy. State intervention, for example, does not entirely mean that it is dysfunctional. This study will seek to create a framework for the analysis of financial services factors. The methodology applied is The Multiple Linear Regression - Ordinary Least Squares (OLS).

scholarly journals Women’s Control Over Economic Resources Effect to Family Welfare

JEJAK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-293
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Wiwin Setyari ◽  
A.A Bagus Putu Widanta ◽  
Ida Bagus Putu Purbadharmaja
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Homogeneity Assumption ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
The Individual

Within the framework of neo-classical analysis, each individual is assumed homogeneous. However, homogeneity assumption becomes incompatible when discussing human behavior. Latest literatures conclude that men and women allocated resources under their control in different ways systematically. This study was intended to see whether there is an increase in the household’s welfare if the head of household is a women and granted credit access to financial institutions. Women’s access to all financial services, is essential to allow them to benefit fully from economic opportunities. The data used came from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) for two last waves (IFLS 2007 and 2014). Analyses were performed using fixed effect model to overcome the unobserved heterogeneity, especially in terms of the individual character. The results indicated that the credit received by the female head of households can significantly increase household income. These results support the policy of increasing women empowerment in order to improve family welfare.

Helping Close the Digital Divide for Financially Disadvantaged Seniors

2006 ◽  
pp. 165-190
Author(s):  
Al P. Mizell
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The World ◽  
Nova Southeastern University ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
The Individual

The Internet has become an essential element of all society today. Those who can access the World Wide Web have become active participants in the Information Age. Unfortunately, many individuals throughout the world do not have ready access to the needed technology. Furthermore, they do not have the required knowledge and skills to use the technology and cannot participate actively. As a result, this has created a world of information haves and have-nots. In this chapter, after examining the concept of the digital divide, data is presented that shows that those with low incomes and those who are older have little access to technology and the use of computers. Low-income seniors are especially limited in their opportunities to own a computer, and they seldom have the skills needed to use one for e-mail, search the Internet, and so forth, even if they visit a public library where they could use a computer without any cost. Various approaches being used to help seniors learn how to use computers are described, andthen the chapter focuses on two projects that have proved to be successful in this effort. SeniorNet is a national organization that helps establish learning centers around the country. The approach used at one such center, located at Nova Southeastern University in South Florida, requires seniors to pay for their courses. A second project is known as SeniorComp and is supported by private foundation funds. Ten low-income senior citizens are selected for each group of seniors in this project. They are given a complete Dell computer system, and their tuition is paid to take four of the SeniorNet courses. At the end of the fourth course, ownership of the computer system is turned over to the individual participant. To date, the completion rate has been 100%. The approaches used can serve as models for others to modify and use in their own communities. By adopting a similar approach, the impact of the digital divide can be significantly reduced for those low-income seniors that participate in the project. In this way, this portion of the marginal community can be empowered.

Beyond an Anxiety Logic: A Critical Examination of Language Rights Cases before the European Court of Human Rights

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-119
Author(s):  
Dana Schmalz
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Language Rights ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Argument Proceeds ◽  
The Right ◽  
Individual Dimension

Abstract Language rights have traditionally been codified and discussed in the context of minority protection. The identification of language rights with questions of national minorities can, however, confound the analysis. This article explores the freedom of using a language and argues that the individual dimension of language rights must not be ignored beside the group dimension. The argument proceeds along a reading of three recent cases from the European Court of Human Rights, which concerned the use of Kurdish in Turkey. The Court’s reasoning illustrates the risk of an ‘anxiety logic’, which sees any language rights in connection with political claims of groups, thereby introducing additional conditions for the right and disregarding the significance a specific language can have for an individual, being more than a medium of conveying and receiving information. Conceptualising language use as an individual freedom is necessary also to account for situations other than national minorities, most importantly for the language rights of immigrants.

Determinants of the knowledge of the total cost of consumer loans

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-19
Author(s):  
Pablo Farías
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Consumer Loans ◽  
Vulnerable Consumers ◽  
Advertising Exposure ◽  
Price Advertising

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of consumer-related and bank-related characteristics on the knowledge of the total cost of consumer loans paid by consumers and test the hypothesized relationships between them. Design/methodology/approach In order to identify the proportion of consumers who do not know the total cost of consumer loans and reasons for it in the Chilean consumer loans industry, an empirical study using a survey administered through personal in-home interviews was carried out. Findings Results show that knowledge of a consumer loans total cost is positively associated with product satisfaction as well as recent and infrequent purchases. This study also shows that a big market segment, comprising 37.2 percent of the probability sample, represents vulnerable consumers with high self-reported knowledge but low actual knowledge of the total costs of consumer loans. This study shows that this market segment has a higher use of the price-quality cue and a higher purchase frequency of consumer loans. Originality/value The present study contributes to the existing literature in the following ways. First, while previous research measured only self-reported knowledge for financial services, the present study examines actual knowledge of the total cost of consumer loans. Second, while previous research for financial services only examined the effects of the use of the price-quality cue and price advertising exposure, the present study also examines 11 other determinants, which are relevant for managers, regulators and researchers.

CSR practices, identification and corporate reputation

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 361-379
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Bruno ◽  
Francisco J. Sarabia-Sanchez ◽  
Enrique Carlos Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Corporate Reputation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Consumer Involvement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
The Individual

PurposeThis study verifies the influence of the dimensions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and consumer involvement on the identification of the individual with the company and the corporate reputation, moderated by the product category.Design/methodology/approachA covariance-based structural equation modelling is used to test the model, using a sample of 568 Argentine consumers. A multigroup analysis is employed to assess the moderating effect of the product category.FindingsCSR practices have heterogeneous influence based on their dimension, and this influence is moderated by the product category. Accordingly, environmental practices promote consumer identification with the company, whereas those economically oriented have a direct influence on reputation. In contrast, social practices contribute to reputation if they are connected to the business model.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is focussed on Argentina, analysing two product categories (laptops and financial services for final consumers) and using a large, but not strictly random, sample. In order to mainstream the results, it would be relevant to replicate the proposed model in other countries and with other product categories.Originality/valueIt provides information about the perception of consumers regarding the CSR practices from a multi-dimensional perspective, since they have an uneven effect on identification of consumer with the company and corporate reputation due to the moderating effect of the product category. The findings of this study may be relevant for managers of technology and banking service companies.

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