scholarly journals The role of gum induced by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. Snyd. et Hans. f.sp. tulipae Apt. in tulip bulbs on growth and development of the pathogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 432-435
Author(s):  
A. Saniewska
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Tulip Bulbs ◽  
Bacto Agar

It was showed that gums induced by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tulipae in tulip bulbs applied to mineral Czapek-Dox Broth with Bacto Agar (CzDA) medium, containing sucrose substantially stimulated abundant growth of mycelium and sporulation of the pathogen. Addition of arabinose, xylose and their mixture, sugars occurring in tulip gum polysaccharide, to CzDA medium caused that mycelium was very sparse and sporulation was only slightly stimulated by arabinose. Mycelium growth on mineral CzDA medium without sucrose, was poor and sparse but addition of gum to the medium caused formation of abundant mycelium and increased sporulation of the pathogen. It is possible that polysaccharide of tulip gum may act mainly as elicitor and partially as substrate in regulation of mycelium growth and sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tulipae.

scholarly journals The effect of D,L-β-aminobutyric acid on the growth and development of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae (Apt.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jarecka ◽  
Alicja Saniewska
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Tulip Bulbs ◽  
Inducing Resistance

The effect of D,L-<i>β</i>-aminobutyric acid (BABA) on the growth and development of the root system and the development of fusariosis on tulip bulbs cv. Apeldoorn infected by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>tulipae</i> (F.ox.t. 218) was studied. The length and fresh weight of roots, the development of fusariosis on bulbs and the linear growth of mycelium of F.ox.t. 218 on PDA medium were measured. Preventively used BABA at a concentration of 100, 250 and 300 µg·cm<sup>-3</sup> for soaking uncooled and cooled tulip bulbs greatly inhibited the development of fusariosis on the root system; the length and fresh weight of roots were similar to those of the bulbs not inoculated with F.ox.t. 218. At a concentration of 100 µg·cm<sup>-3</sup>;, BABA used for soaking bulbs limited the development of fusariosis on scales in about 50% and the concentration of 200 µg·cm<sup>-3</sup> totally inhibited the disease symptoms induced by F.ox.t. 218. At a concentration of 100 - 1000 µg·cm<sup>-3</sup>, BABA did not inhibit the mycelium growth of F.ox.t. 17 and F.xo.t. 218 on PDA medium. This study suggests that BABA protects tulip roots and bulb scales against <i>F. oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>tulipae</i> by inducing resistance in these organs and has no direct influence on the pathogen.

scholarly journals The effect of Medicago arabica, M. hybrida and M. sativa saponins on the growth and development of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f. sp. tulipae apt.

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jarecka ◽  
Alicja Saniewska ◽  
Zbigniew Biały ◽  
Marian Jurzysta
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Medicagenic Acid ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Tulip Bulbs

In the present work it was shown that total saponins originated from <i>M. hybrida</i> and <i>M. sativa</i> substantially limited mycelium growth of <i>F. oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>tulipae</i> and symptoms of fusariosis on tulip bulbs. Out of 15 individual tested saponins originated from <i>M. arabica</i>, <i>M. hybrida</i> and <i>M. sativa</i>, four compounds: 3-<i>O</i>-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)α-L-arabinopyranosyl] hederagenin, hederagenin 3-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucopyranoside, medicagenic acid, medicagenic acid 3-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucopyranoside had the strongest inhibitory effect on mycelium growth of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>tulipae</i> on PDA medium. The total saponins from <i>M. arabica</i>, <i>M. hybrida</i> and <i>M. sativa</i> inhibited the number of colony forming units of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>tulipae</i> in artificially infested substrate. The use of saponins originated from <i>Medicago</i> as a fungicide is suggested.

scholarly journals Influence of Bacillus polymyxa on the growth and development of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Alicja Saniewska
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Bacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Dual Cultures ◽  
Tulip Bulbs

Antagonistic effect of Bacillus polymyxa, strain S13, toward Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae was evaluated iii vitro and in vivo. The growth of the pathogen was greatly inhibited in dual cultures with Bacillus polymyxa on potato dextrose agar. Suspension of B. polymyxa and its filtrate substantially inhibited spore germination and development of Fusarium oxysporuum f. sp. tulipae on tulip bulbs.

Role of chromium (III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
R. Iskra ◽  
V. Vlizlo ◽  
R. Fedoruk
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Cultural Medium ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Chromium Compounds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

The results of our studies and the data of modern literature regarding the biological role of Cr(III) compounds in conditions of their application in the nutrition for pigs and cattle are discussed. The metabolic impact of Cr(III), coming from different sources – mineral and organic compounds, obtained by chemical synthesis or a nanotechnological method (chromium citrate), as well as in the form of biocomplexes from the cultural medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts was analyzed. The metabolic connection between the impact of Cr(III) and the biosynthesis of some hormones – insulin, cortisol – as well as the sensitivity of some tissues and organs to the effect of chromium compounds was studied. A considerable part of the review material was dedicated to the metabolic effect of Cr(III) compounds on the reproductive function of pigs and cattle and their impact on the viability of the offspring and gametes of animals. The data about the stimulating effect of Cr(III) on the growth and development of the organism of piglets and calves, meat and milk performance of these species of animals are discussed. The relevance of dosing Cr(III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle is highlighted.

Defensive Role of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Indole and Its’ Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Mulat ◽  
Raksha Anand ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Insect Attack

The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria, plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems. The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives (natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Potential antifungal effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different sizes against phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilgin Akpinar ◽  
Muammer Unal ◽  
Taner Sar
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Critical Problems

AbstractFusarium species are the primary fungal pathogen affecting agricultural foodstuffs both in crop yield and economic loss. Due to these problems, control of phytopathogenic fungi has become one of the critical problems around the World. Nanotechnology is a new technology with potential in many fields, including agriculture. This study focused on determining potential effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different nanosizes (3, 5, 8 and 10 nm) and at different concentrations (12.5–100 ppm) against phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) strains. The maximum antifungal activity was achieved by decreasing nanosize and increasing concentration of AgNPs. Mycelium growth abilities were decreased about 50%, 75% and 90% by AgNPs treatment with 3 nm sizes at 25 ppm, 37.5 ppm and 50 ppm concentrations, respectively. The productivity of fungal biomass in the liquid growth media was found to be too limited at the 25–37.5 ppm of AgNPs concentrations with all sizes. In addition, both septation number and dimensions of micro- and macroconidia were found to be gradually decreased with the application of silver nanoparticles. This work showed that the low concentration of AgNPs could be used as potential antifungal agents and applied for control of phytopathogens.

scholarly journals Shoot–root carbon allocation, sugar signalling and their coupling with nitrogen uptake and assimilation

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Yong-Ling Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Root Carbon ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Sugar Signalling

Roots and shoots are distantly located but functionally interdependent. The growth and development of these two organ systems compete for energy and nutrient resource, and yet, they keep a dynamic balance with each other for growth and development. The success of such a relationship depends on efficient root-shoot communication. Aside from the well-known signalling processes mediated by hormones such as auxin and cytokinin, sugars have recently been shown to act as a rapid signal to co-ordinate root and shoot development in response to endogenous and exogenous clues, in parallel to their function as carbon and energy resources for biomass production. New findings from studies on vascular fluids have provided molecular insights into the role of sugars in long-distance communications between shoot and root. In this review, we discussed phloem- and xylem- translocation of sugars and the impacts of sugar allocation and signalling on balancing root–shoot development. Also, we have taken the shoot–root carbon–nitrogen allocation as an example to illustrate the communication between the two organs through multi-layer root–shoot–root signalling circuits, comprising sugar, nitrogen, cytokinin, auxin and vascular small peptide signals.

scholarly journals The Transcription Factor Con7-1 Is a Master Regulator of Morphogenesis and Virulence in Fusarium oxysporum

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Ruiz-Roldán ◽  
Yolanda Pareja-Jaime ◽  
José Antonio González-Reyes ◽  
M. Isabel G. Roncero
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Targeted Deletion ◽  
Signal Perception ◽  
Cell Wall Biogenesis ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Genes Encoding

Previous studies have demonstrated the essential role of morphogenetic regulation in Fusarium oxysporum pathogenesis, including processes such as cell-wall biogenesis, cell division, and differentiation of infection-like structures. We identified three F. oxysporum genes encoding predicted transcription factors showing significant identities to Magnaporthe oryzae Con7p, Con7-1, plus two identical copies of Con7-2. Targeted deletion of con7-1 produced nonpathogenic mutants with altered morphogenesis, including defects in cell wall structure, polar growth, hyphal branching, and conidiation. By contrast, simultaneous inactivation of both con7-2 copies caused no detectable defects in the resulting mutants. Comparative microarray-based gene expression analysis indicated that Con7-1 modulates the expression of a large number of genes involved in different biological functions, including host–pathogen interactions, morphogenesis and development, signal perception and transduction, transcriptional regulation, and primary and secondary metabolism. Taken together, our results point to Con7-1 as general regulator of morphogenesis and virulence in F. oxysporum.

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