scholarly journals Post-antibiotic effect of marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin against selected respiratory pathogens of pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 02) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Nedbalcova ◽  
M Zouharova ◽  
D Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Antibiotic Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effect Duration ◽  
Post Antibiotic Effect

The post-antibiotic effect is defined as the period of bacterial growth suppression that persists after a limited exposure of organisms to antimicrobials and knowledge of its duration is important in establishing and optimising current dosing schedules for the treatment of bacterial infections. The post-antibiotic effect of marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin were evaluated in vitro for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis and Pasteurella multocida strains which originated from clinical samples of diseased pigs and were confirmed as susceptible to all tested antimicrobials based on determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations. The post-antibiotic effect for individual antimicrobials was monitored at five and ten times minimum inhibitory concentrations for one and two hours. The duration of the post-antibiotic effect for tested antimicrobials was found to exhibit the following order for all tested pathogens: marbofloxacin > enrofloxacin > amoxicillin. The longest duration of post-antibiotic effect of all tested antimicrobials was found in A. pleuropneumoniae and the shortest post-antibiotic effect duration was detected in P. multocida. No statistical differences in post-antibiotic effect duration were found within marbofloxacin and enrofloxacin in A. pleuropneumoniae and H. parasuis strains. In P. multocida strains there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0189). On the other hand, the differences between amoxicillin and marbofloxacin or enrofloxacin were statistically significant in all cases (P-values ranged between 0.0058 and 0.008). The prolonged post-antibiotic effect of fluoroquinolones and amoxicillin on important Gram-negative swine pathogens was confirmed. The results can be used to clarify the effect and mechanism of action of antimicrobial drugs in veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Spectrum of Cefovecin, a New Extended- Spectrum Cephalosporin, against Pathogens Collected from Dogs and Cats in Europe and North America

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 2286-2292 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Stegemann ◽  
C. A. Passmore ◽  
J. Sherington ◽  
C. J. Lindeman ◽  
G. Papp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

ABSTRACT Cefovecin is a new extended-spectrum semisynthetic cephalosporin indicated for the treatment of bacterial infections in dogs and cats. This study evaluated the in vitro activity and spectrum of cefovecin against 2,641 recent clinical isolates (1,660 canine and 981 feline isolates) from Europe and the United States. MIC determinations against cefovecin and other reference antimicrobials were performed by broth microdilution methods recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, formerly NCCLS). Cefovecin demonstrated bactericidal activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. Cefovecin exhibited in vitro activity against all major aerobic and anaerobic bacterial pathogens associated with skin, urinary tract, and periodontal infections in dogs and cats. The MIC90 values of cefovecin against Staphylococcus intermedius, Escherichia coli, and Pasteurella multocida were 0.25 μg/ml, 1.0 μg/ml, and 0.06 μg/ml, respectively. No significant differences were observed in terms of the activities of cefovecin against pathogens from different European countries and against pathogens of European and U.S. origin.

scholarly journals Effect of mupirocin in Helicobacter pylori in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Masaaki Minami ◽  
Takafumi Ando ◽  
Hidemi Goto ◽  
Michio Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antibiotic Effect ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Kill Curve ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Post Antibiotic Effect

Mupirocin (MUP) is an effective antibiotic against MRSA. Its bactericidal effect is stable under acid condition. By validating its antibacterial effect of Helicobacter pylori, we try to clarify MUP effect on H. pylori. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of MUP on clarithromycin (CLR) / metronidazole (MNZ) -resistant and -susceptible strains of H. pylori, the time-kill effect of MUP, and the post antibiotic effect (PAE). We investigated the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal effect (MBC) of MUP against 140 H. pylori, which include clinical strains, ATCC43504, 26695 and J99. Ten of them were CLR -resistant strains and 3 were MNZ-resistant strains. The MIC90 and MBC of MUP on all 140 strains is 0.064 μg / ml, and 0.1 μg / ml, respectively. There were no differences of MUP effect between susceptible and resistant strains either for CLR or MNZ. Time-kill curve test and PAE test of MUP on ATCC43504 were performed. By adding MUP, time-kill curve showed that bacterial quantities decreased in dose and time-dependent manner. No viable colony was found after 12-hour culture with 0.1 μg / ml MUP. The value of PAE is 12. MUP is a potential effective antibiotic for H. pylori even those for CLR / MNZ -resistant strains.

scholarly journals Penetration of GSK1322322 into Epithelial Lining Fluid and Alveolar Macrophages as Determined by Bronchoalveolar Lavage

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odin J. Naderer ◽  
Keith A. Rodvold ◽  
Lori S. Jones ◽  
John Z. Zhu ◽  
Chester L. Bowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Epithelial Lining Fluid ◽  
Concentration Time

ABSTRACTGSK1322322 is a potent peptide deformylase inhibitor within vitroandin vivoactivity against multidrug-resistant skin and respiratory pathogens. This report provides plasma and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of GSK1322322 after repeat (twice daily intravenous dosing for 4 days) dosing at 1,500 mg. Plasma samples were collected over the last 12-hour dosing interval of repeat dosing following the day 4 morning dose (the last dose). Bronchoalveolar lavage samples were collected once in each subject, either before or at 2 or 6 h after the last intravenous dose. Plasma area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0–τ) was 66.7 μg · h/ml, and maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax) was 25.4 μg/ml following repeat doses of intravenous GSK1322322. The time course of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and alveolar macrophages (AM) mirrored the plasma concentration-time profile. The AUC0–τfor ELF and AM were 78.9 μg · h/ml and 169 μg · h/ml, respectively. The AUC0–τratios of ELF and AM to total plasma were 1.2 and 2.5, respectively. These ratios increased to 3.5 and 7.4, respectively, when unbound plasma was considered. These results are supportive of GSK1322322 as a potential antimicrobial agent for the treatment of lower respiratory tract bacterial infections caused by susceptible pathogens. (This study has been registered atClinicalTrials.govunder registration number NCT01610388.)

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Propolis and Antibiotics on Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Lavigne ◽  
Jérémy Ranfaing ◽  
Catherine Dunyach-Rémy ◽  
Albert Sotto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections around the world. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is among the main pathogens isolated in UTIs. The rate of UPEC with high resistance towards antibiotics and multidrug-resistant bacteria have increased dramatically and conduct to the difficulty to treat UTIs. Due to the rarefaction of new antibiotics molecules, new alternative strategies must be evaluated. Since many years, propolis has demonstrated an interesting antibacterial activity against E. coli. Here, we evaluated its activity added to antibiotics on a panel of UPEC with different resistance mechanisms. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and time–kill curves of fosfomycin, ceftriaxone, ertapenem and ofloxacin, with and without propolis, were determined. Significant diminution of the MICs was observed using ceftriaxone or ofloxacin + propolis. Propolis alone had a bacteriostatic activity with time-dependent effect against UPEC. The addition of this nutraceutical improved the effect of all the antibiotics evaluated (except fosfomycin) and showed a synergistic bactericidal effect (fractional inhibitory concentrations index ≤ 0.5 and a decrease ≥ 2 log CFU/mL for the combination of propolis plus antibiotics compared with the antibiotic alone). Propolis is able to restore in vitro antibiotic susceptibility when added to antibiotics against UPEC. This study showed that propolis could enhance the efficiency of antibiotics used in UTIs and could represent an alternative solution.

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