Growth, physiology and yield responses of cabbage to deficit irrigation

Field experiments were conducted in two seasons to investigate growth, physiology and yield responses of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. cvs Pennant and Rio Grande) to deficit irrigation. In 2012 season, 50% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) irrigation temporarily decreased plant size, reduced leaf area, fresh weight, relative water content, specific leaf area and gas exchange during late development, and decreased head fresh weight, size, marketable and total yield. Deficit irrigation at 75% ETc had little influence on plant growth and physiology, but it still reduced both marketable and total yield. In 2013 season, 75% ETc irrigation had little influence on plant growth, leaf characteristics, photosynthetic rate, head fresh weight and size, but it temporarily increased chlorophyll and carotenoid content, and decreased stomata conductance, transpiration, and marketable yield. Pennant, the green-head cultivar, had higher photosynthetic rate, head fresh weight, marketable and total yield than the red-head cultivar Rio Grande. In both seasons, deficit irrigations did not influence cabbage head dry weight, indicating that most yield reduction under deficit irrigations is related to water content.  

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GROWTH, PHYSIOLOGY AND YIELD RESPONSES OF FOUR ROCK MELON (CUCUMIS MELO VAR. CANTALOUPENSIS) CULTIVARS IN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no2.040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rathnayake Mudiyanselage Nilusha Thushari Amarasinghe ◽

Siti Zaharah Sakimin ◽

Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab ◽

ShairulIzan Ramlee ◽

Juju Nakasha Jaafar

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Extreme Temperature ◽

Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Growth Physiology ◽

Malondialdehyde Content ◽

Yield Responses

Rock melon is a high value greenhouse crop. Reduction of economical crop yield in high temperature stress due to global warming is an emerging issue with Rock melon. Therefore, this study was conducted for evaluate the growth, physiology and yield of different Rock melon cultivars grown under high temperature stress. Four cultivars of rock melon (Lady-gold, Lady-green, Himalai-99 and Glamour) were evaluated for their physiological behaviors under two temperature (42±3°C and 47 ±3°C) regimes. In four cultivars of rock melon, leaf area, specific leaf area, relative growth rate, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, transpiration rate, malondialdehyde content and fruit yield of Rock melon were significantly differ in each temperature regime. Temperature significantly affects the fruit position in main branch. When temperature increases, Rock melon fruits shifts in to upper branches. While Lady-green and Glamour shown similar attributes in extreme temperature, most susceptible cultivar was the Lady-gold and most tolerant cultivar was the Himalai-99.This study identified the issues of extreme temperature related to the economical yield of rock melon cultivars which can be use in future crop modification and breeding.

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Differences in growth and yield responses to Aphis gossypii Glover between different okra varieties

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/2250-pps ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 109-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H.K. Shannag ◽

J.M. Al-Qudah ◽

I.M. Makhadmeh ◽

N.M. Freihat

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Aphis Gossypii ◽

Total Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growing Season ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Experimental Plant ◽

Local Reduction ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Aphid Populations

The reactions of five commercial varieties of okra, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>, to <i>A. gossypii</i> were evaluated under semiarid field conditions. Each experimental plant of varieties Clemson spineless, Clemson spineless 80, Lee, Perkins dwarf, and Local was infested 60 days after emergence by three late-nymphal instars of the aphid. The results showed that aphid populations increased constantly on the varieties, except for days 42 and 49 after infestation, attaining a peak at about the end of the growing season. Differences in aphid densities were recorded between varieties. The aphids were most numerous on var. Local, while lowest in number on var. Lee. Infestation by aphids on okra varieties reduced yield by 57% on var. Perkins dwarf, 56% on var. Lee, 24% on var. Clemson spineless, 21% on var. Clemson spineless 80, and 5% on var. Local. Reduction in the number of pods produced per plant followed the same pattern as observed for total yield. Aphids had not altered significantly the vegetative plant growth at day 37 following infestation. At day 66, a substantial decrease in shoot fresh and dry weights and also leaf area was evident on var. Perkins dwarf while on var. Clemson spineless only the leaf area was significantly reduced. Moreover, aphid-free controls varied widely in their growth and productivity at the end of growing season. Varieties Clemson spineless and Clemson spineless 80 produced the highest total yield and pod numbers, var. Local the lowest. The varieties Perkins dwarf and Clemson spineless produced significantly higher shoot fresh and dry weight, as well as leaf area, than vars. Lee and Local.

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EFFECTS OF MYCORRHIZAE, MEDIA AND CONTAINER TYPE ON THE GROWTH OF GREEN PEPPER AND LETTUCE TRANSPLANTS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.6.709b ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 709B-709 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ray A. Watson ◽

Katrine A. Stewart ◽

Valentin Furlan

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Green Pepper ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Container Type

The effects of two mycorrhizal species (Glomus versiforme and Glomus intraradix) and a control on the growth of green pepper, Capsicum annuum, and lettuce, Lactuca sativa, seedlings have been evaluated using four types of growing media (Peatwool, Fafard bulk mix. Cornell mix and a compost based mix) and two types of containers, Cell Packs (125 cc volume) and Pro-Trays (65 cc volume) for green pepper and Cell Packs (125 cc volume) and Plug Flats (33 cc volume) for lettuce. The experiments were split plot randomized Complete block design with 6 blocks (lettuce) and 4 blocks (pepper). Seeds were sown directly into the containers of mycorrhizal inoculated media. All treatments received the same fertilizer regime. Cell volume had no significant effects on green pepper fresh weight, dry weight, stem diameter, leaf area or leaf number but the lettuce Cell Pack plants had significantly higher fresh and dry weights, more leaves and higher leaf area. The Fafard Bulk and the Compost mix gave significantly higher fresh and dry weights than did the other two media for both green pepper and lettuce. Mycorrhizal species did not influence plant growth with the exception of leaf area in green peppers and shoot dry weight in lettuce.

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Pengaruh Aplikasi Biostimulant terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Selada (Lactuca sativa L.)

JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN ◽

10.30598/jbdp.2020.16.2.109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 109-117

Author(s):

Primarine R Tahapary ◽

Herman Rehatta ◽

Henry Kesaulya

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Root Length ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Root Number ◽

Fresh Weight

Lettuce is a type of vegetable that is very popular with the people of Indonesia. It contains healthy nutrients including minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, potassium, iron, folate, carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E. Biostimulants has the ability to stimulate new root formation, improve plant root systems, increase the number of tillers, and increase yield. Biostimulant concentration and site of administration play a role in providing nutrients for the needs of lettuce plants. To obtain the right concentration and place of administration for the growth and yield of lettuce, the experiment was carried out using a 2-factor Randomized Block Design. The first factor was the concentration of biostimulants (K) with 6 levels of concentration including: K0 (without giving biostimulants), K1 (giving biostimulants at a concentration of 1 mL/L of water), K2 (giving of biostimulants at 2 mL/L of water), K3 (giving biostimulants at 3 mL/L of water). K4 (giving biostimulant at 4 mL/L water), K5 (giving biostimulant at 5 mL/L water). The second factor was the site of administration (T), namely: T1 (through the leaves) and T2 (through the soil). The interaction between biostimulant concentration and administration gave a very significant effect on leaf number, crop fresh weight, root length and root number. Biostimulant concentration (K) gave the percentage of plant growth in the variables of plant height (34.29%) and leaf area (47.34%). Place of administration (T) gave percentage of plant growth the variables of leaf area (21.08%) and root wet weight (0.52%). The interaction of biostimulant concentration and administration place (K x T) gave the percentages of plant growth variables of leaf number (15.5%), plant fresh weight (52.33%), root dry weight (2.30%), root length (16.53%), and root number (108.5%). The best treatment in this study was the provision of biostimulant at a concentration of 2 mL/L of water that was given through leaves. Keywords: administration place, biostimulant, concentration, growth and production, lettuce ABSTRAK Selada merupakan jenis sayur yang sangat digemari oleh masyarakat Indonesia serta mengandung nutrisi yang sehat, yang meliputi mineral, vitamin, antioksidan, potassium, zat besi, folat, karoten, vitamin C dan vitamin E. Biostimulan mampu merangsang pembentukan akar baru, memperbaiki sistem perakaran tanaman, memperbanyak jumlah anakan, dan meningkatkan produksi tanaman. Konsentrasi biostimulan dan tempat pemberian merupakan interaksi yang berperan dalam menyediakan unsur hara bagi kebutuhan tanaman selada. Untuk memproleh konsentrasi dan tempat pemberian yang tepat bagi pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman selada, dilakukan percobaan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah pemberian biostimulan (K) dengan 6 taraf konsentrasi meliputi: K0 (tanpa pemberian biostimulan), K1 (pemberian biostimulan dengan konsentrasi 1 mL/L air), K2 (pemberian biostimulan 2 mL/L air), K3 (pemberian biostimulan 3 mL/L air), K4 (pemberian biostimulan 4 mL/L air), K5 (pemberian biostimulan 5 mL/L air). Faktor kedua adalah tempat pemberian (T), yaitu: T1 (melalui daun) dan T2 (melalui tanah). Interaksi konsentrasi biostimulan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap variabel jumlah daun (helai), bobot segar tanaman (g), panjang akar (cm) dan jumlah akar (helai). Pada konsentrasi biostimulan (K) memberikan persentasepertumbuhan tanaman pada variabel tinggi tanaman (34,29%) dan luas daun (47,34%), Tempat pemberian (T) memberikan persentasepertumbuhan tanaman pada variabel luas daun (21,08%), bobot basah akar (0,52%), serta interaksi konsentrasi biostimulan dan tempat pemberian (KT) memberikan persentasepertumbuhan tanaman pada variabel jumlah daun (15,5%), bobot segar tanaman (52,33%), bobot kering akar (2,30%), panjang akar (16,53%), serta jumlah akar (108,5%). Perlakuan terbaik dalam penelitian ini adalah pemberian biostimulan konsentrasi 2 mL/L air dan diberikan melalui daun. Kata Kunci: biostimulan, konsentrasi, pertumbuhan dan produksi, selada, tempat pemberian,

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Comparison of an Antitranspirant Spray, a Polyacrylamide Gel, and Wind Protection on Early Growth of Muskmelon

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.2.361 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 361-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laurie Hodges ◽

Entin Daningsih ◽

James R. Brandle

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Early Growth ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Area Index

Field experiments were conducted over 4 years to evaluate the effects of antitranspirant (Folicote, Aquatrol Inc., Paulsboro, N.J.) and polyacrylamide gel (SuperSorb, Aquatrol Inc., Paulsboro, N.J.) on early growth of transplanted muskmelon grown either protected by tree windbreaks or exposed to seasonal winds. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement was used with wind protection (sheltered and exposed) areas as the main treatment and use of an antitranspirant spray or gel dip as subtreatments. Based on destructive harvests in the field, treatments and subtreatments did not affect dry weight or leaf area index in the first 2 years. Specific contrasts, however, showed that gel application significantly increased fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area index over that of the untreated transplants whereas the spray application tended to reduce these factors during the first 3 weeks after transplanting. Significant differences between gel and spray subtreatments disappeared by 5 weeks after transplanting. Shelterbelts ameliorated crop microclimate thereby enhancing plant growth. Significantly, wind velocity at canopy height was reduced 40% on average and soil temperatures were about 4% warmer in the sheltered plots compared to the exposed plots during the first 5 weeks post-transplant. Muskmelon plants in the sheltered areas grew significantly faster than the plants in the exposed areas in 2 of the 3 years reported, with the 3-year average fresh weight increased by 168% due to wind protection. Overall transplanting success and early growth were enhanced the most by wind protection, followed by the polyacrylamide gel root dip, and least by the antitranspirant foliar spray. We conclude that microclimate modification by wind speed reduction can increase early muskmelon plant growth more consistently than the use of polyacrylamide gel as a root dip at transplanting or the use of an antitranspirant spray. A polyacrylamide gel root dip generally will provide more benefit during early muskmelon growth than the use of an antitranspirant spray.

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Daminozide reduces mean weight of potato tubers but fails to increase uniformity

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9880385 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 385 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

IA Rogers ◽

BW Philp ◽

TK Twigden

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Total Yield ◽

South Australia ◽

Stem Length ◽

Tuber Weight ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Area Index ◽

Market Requirement

At 3 sites in South Australia daminozide reduced mean potato tuber weight by 9-13% (P<0.05). Total yield of potatoes was reduced by 6-11%, although the effect was significant (P< 0.01) at only 1 site (Purnong Landing, reduction 11%). There were no effects of daminozide on tuber number, uniformity of tuber weight, specific gravity of tubers (at 1 site) or yield of ware grade tubers (80-350 g fresh weight). However, daminozide increased yield of grades (90-130 g) by 40% and decreased yield of grades (260-350 g) by 32% (P<0.05). In achieving these results, rates of 0.85, 1.7, 3.4 and 6.8 kg a.i. ha-l of daminozide were about equally effective. We conclude that, unless there is a market requirement for tubers of 90-130 g in weight, daminozide should not be used for the cultivars Sebago, Exton and Coliban if haulms are killed by herbicide or disease from 15 to 30 days before natural plant senescence. Stem length and leaf area index were reduced early in the season by daminozide, but late in the season leaf area index was increased.

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Nutrient Extraction in Pansy Fertigated with Pure, Diluted, Depurated and Phytodepurated Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10121911 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1911

Author(s):

Blanca María Plaza ◽

Rita Maggini ◽

Eva Borghesi ◽

Alberto Pardossi ◽

María Teresa Lao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Water Content ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Tap Water ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Bedding Plant ◽

Number Of Leaves

The disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills might result in serious environmental pollution. The goal of the present assay was to assess if MSW wastewater (pure or treated) can be used as a potential source for fertilizers, studying its effects on plant biometric parameters as well as on anion concentrations and anion partitioning of the bedding plant Viola × wittrockiana Gams. (pansy), to detect possible harmful impacts on plants. The treatments tested were: W9.0 (pure wastewater, EC 9.0 dS m−1), W4.5 (diluted wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), DW4.5 (depurated wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), PW4.5 (phytodepurated wastewater, EC 4.5 dS m−1), and T (tap water, the control, EC 1.5 dS m−1). The treatment with pure wastewater negatively affected plant fresh weight, water content (on a fresh weight basis), leaf area, plant height and width, and the number of leaves and flowers due to an accumulation of SO42− in plant tissues. Phytodepurated wastewater improved plant fresh weight, water content, plant height and width, the number of leaves and flowers, and reduced the leaf area because this treatment decreased SO42− concentrations in wastewater by half. Pansy plants also showed high levels of nutrients (N, P, and Mg) when compared with fertigation with pure and diluted landfill leachate. These results show that phytodepurated wastewater from MSW can be used for the fertigation of pansy plants.

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Effects of Intercropping Maize or Sorghum with Cowpeas, Pigeon Peas or Beans

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700023711 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 83-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

B. A. C. Enyi

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Total Yield ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Weight Yield

SUMMARYIntercropping maize or sorghum with pigeon peas, cowpeas or beans led to a reduction in leaf area indices, fresh weight yield at time of anthesis, straw yield at harvest and grain yield of the cereal crops. In sorghum, pigeon peas and cowpeas had a greater adverse effect on grain yield than beans, but with maize, beans and cowpeas had a more adverse effect on grain yield than pigeon peas. While intercropping maize with either beans or cowpeas decreased total yield of grain (cereal and legume) per hectare, intercropping sorghum with pigeon peas increased total grain yield per hectare.

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Agronomic response of cauliflower to the addition of silicon to the soil under water deficit1

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632021v5166908 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

Author(s):

Gustavo Soares Wenneck ◽

Reni Saath ◽

Roberto Rezende ◽

André Felipe Barion Alves Andrean ◽

Danilo César Santi

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Water Replacement ◽

Water Conditions

ABSTRACT Water deficit in cauliflower cultivation may impair its development and yield. This study aimed to analyze the agronomic performance of cauliflower grown in a protected environment, under different water conditions and silicon (Si) doses. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with three levels of water replacement [40, 70 and 100 % of the evapotranspiration (ETc)] and four Si doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1), with four replications. Leaf (SPAD index, area, fresh and dry weight), stem (diameter, height, fresh and dry weight) and inflorescence (diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, water content and commercial classification) characteristics were evaluated. The replacement of 40 % of the ETc showed lower results for the SPAD index in the phases II and III, leaf area, leaf and stem fresh weight and inflorescence diameter. The 70 % replacement cultivation showed a yield similar to that of the 100 % of the ETc. The use of Si was beneficial for the productive performance of the cauliflower at all levels of water replacement.

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POTTED GERANIUM (PELARGONIUM × HORTORUM) GROWTH WITH LEACHING FRACTIONS OF O to 0.4

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1104a ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1104a-1104

Author(s):

Catherine S.M. Ku ◽

David R. Hershey

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Medium Ph ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Top Dry Weight ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Geranium `Yours Truly' in 15-cm diameter plastic pots were greenhouse-grown as single pinched plants in a completely randomized design. Plants were irrigated with 300 mg/liter N from 20N-4.4P-16.6K with leaching fractions (LF) of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4. There were 24 irrigations during the 8-week study. Plants with LF of 0.2 and 0.4 had 46% greater leaf area, 40% greater top fresh weight, and 37% greater top dry weight than plants with LF of 0 and 0.1. By week 5 the leachate electrical conductivity (EC) for LF of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 had increased from about 3 dS/m initially to 12, 8, and 4 dS/m, respectively. At harvest, medium ECe was 7, 4, 3, and 2 dS/m for LF of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4, respectively. At harvest, medium pH was the same in the top, middle, and bottom thirds of the pot. At harvest medium ECe with LF of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 was 47, 68, and 60% lower in the bottom two-thirds of the pot than in the top third. With a LF of 0 the medium ECe was not lower in the bottom of the pot. Minimizing the LF for potted geraniums substantially reduced plant growth.

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