scholarly journals The influence of soil texture on the course of volume changes of soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Tall ◽  
Branislav Kandra ◽  
Milan Gomboš ◽  
Dana Pavelková
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Physical Clay ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Colloidal Clay ◽  
Soil Component

Volume changes of soil associated with soil moisture changes are caused by the presence of clay minerals from illite and montmorillonite groups. Clay minerals are found in the so-called clay soil component which can be quantified by laboratory analysis of the soil particle-size distribution. Consequently, the potential for volume changes in soil can be assessed from soil texture. In our study, 172 soil samples with different textures were used to measure dependencies between volume changes in soil and changes in soil moisture under laboratory conditions. The samples were collected from 11 sites in the Eastern Slovak Lowland. On the basis of the measurements, 10 mathematical models were created to compute the correlation between volume changes of soil and soil moisture content and texture. The highest accuracy was obtained with the model which assumes the content of particles < 0.002 mm. When comparing the clay particles < 0.001 mm (colloidal clay) with the particles < 0.002 mm (colloidal + physical clay) it was also found that the particles < 0.002 mm have a larger impact on the volume changes of soil than the particles < 0.001. The inclusion of particles > 0.002 mm (silt + sand) into the models resulted in either no or only negligible refinement of the soil volume change calculations.  

TIME OF SAMPLING AFTER AN IRRIGATION TO DETERMINE FIELD CAPACITY OF SOIL

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation

Drainage curves following irrigation were determined at six depths in eight soils having unrestricted drainage but varying widely in soil texture. The field capacities were determined under relatively high rates of evapotranspiration. The time after irrigation that it was necessary to wait before sampling the soil, to determine field capacity, was also determined. A high positive correlation was obtained between the log of field capacity in inches and the log of time after irrigation at which to sample the soil. The time varied from about 0.5 day with 1.5 in. field capacity to 4.0 days with 35 in. From the curves of soil moisture content versus time, the errors caused by sampling too soon or too late were determined. The percentage error (i.e. percent of field capacity) increased with an increase in the error in time of sampling; it decreased with an increase in field capacity in inches; and it was greater when sampling was too soon than when it was too late.

scholarly journals Full Season Control of Japanese Beetle Grub Control with Merit, NH, 1994

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-352
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Swier
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Japanese Beetle

Abstract The trial was conducted 10 May on a golf course rough, Amherst, NH. Plots were 10 X 10 ft, replicated 4 times, in a RCB design. Merit WP was applied in 4 gal water/1000 ft2 with a watering, can. Merit G granules were applied with a homemade salt shaker. Treatments were irrigated with 0.5 inch water after application. Plots were rated 30 Sep by counting the number of live grubs per 1 ft2. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temperature 70°F; wind, 3 MPH; sky, clear; soil temperature, 1 inch, 60°F; thatch depth, 0.5 inch soil pH, 5.4; slope 0%; soil texture, silt loam, 47% sand, 50% silt, 3% clay; soil organic matter, 6.9%; soil moisture, 21.8%.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Soil Moisture Content, Contact Surface Material and Soil Texture on Soil Friction and Soil Adhesion Coefficients

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Abbaspour-Gilandeh ◽  
Fereshteh Hasankhani-Ghavam ◽  
Gholamhosein Shahgoli ◽  
Vali Rasooli Shrabian ◽  
Mohammadreza Abbaspour-Gilandeh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Contact Materials ◽  
Draft Force

Abstract Soil friction and soil adhesion increase the implement draft force and energy consumption particularly in the tools that have larger contact area with soil. The main ways of lowering the total draft force of the tillage tools include the use of proper materials in tools structures as well as application of the tools in appropriate soil moisture content condition. This paper investigates the effects of soil moisture content, contact surface material and soil texture on soil friction and soil adhesion coefficients. To measure the coefficients of soil friction and soil adhesion, a measurement system was developed at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Experiments for each soil texture were performed at five levels of soil moisture content and four contact materials of steel, cast iron, rubber, and teflon with three replications. Results have shown that in all soil types, the effects of soil moisture content and contact materials had a significant effect on the coefficient of both soil friction and soil adhesion at the probability level of 1%. The coefficient of friction increased with soil moisture content increment and reached its maximum and then had a drop in the fluid phase. Results have shown that the mean values of soil friction and soil adhesion coefficients were significantly different from the studied soils.

scholarly journals Draft measurement of five tyne duck foot plough in clay soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (SI) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
G. Manikandan ◽  
B. Shridar ◽  
D. Manohar Jesudas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Draft Force ◽  
Tillage Operation

In the present study, the draft requirement of five tyne duck foot plough was studied on clay soil for different soil moisture content, depth of operation and forward speed of tractor using a specially designed three-point hitch dynamometer.  The designed dynamometer was matched with the tractors having category II or III hitch systems. The data acquisition system adopted for the dynamometer had NI WSN-3214 Strain Nodes, NI 9792 WSN real-time Gateway and NI LAB View 2013 software. A data logger program was developed for the three-point hitch dynamometer. The investigation was carried out at that three levels soil moisture content (10-13%, 14-16% and 17-20%), at three different depth of operation (15, 20 and 25 cm) and three levels of the forward speed of tractor (3, 5 and 7 km h-1). The designed dynamometer performed well in all the levels of the experiment. The results showed that draft force required for five tyne duck foot plough was increased (408 kg) with an increase in soil moisture content (17-20%), whereas it was increased (408 kg) with an increase in depth of operation (25 cm) and forward speed of tractor (7 km h-1). The suitable sweep, the forward speed of operation, depth of operation and soil moisture content that influenced the draft force and energy consumption for tillage operation of duck foot type plough were identified and developed duck foot plough was better coverage with better soil operation.               

scholarly journals Wetting/Drying Behavior of Lime and Alkaline Activation Stabilized Marine Clay Reinforced with Modified Coir Fiber

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2753
Author(s):  
Fatin Amirah Kamaruddin ◽  
Vivi Anggraini ◽  
Bujang Kim Huat ◽  
Haslinda Nahazanan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alkaline Activation ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Drying Behavior

The durability of natural and treated clay soil stabilized with lime and alkaline activation (AA) affected by environmental factors (hot and humid) was determined in this study. Investigation and evaluation on the strength of the soil, moisture content, and volume change of the specimen were determined at each curing period (7, 28, and 90 days) based on the weather conditions. An unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the specimen at three different wetting/drying cycles (one, three, and five cycles) was determined. The findings show that the strength of the treated specimens fluctuated with increment and decrement strength (one and three cycles) in the range of 1.41 to 1.88 MPa (lime) and 2.64 to 8.29 MPa (AA), while for five cycles with a curing period of 90 days the decrement was in the range of 1.62 to 1.25 MPa and 6.06 to 5.89 MPa for lime and AA, respectively. The decrement percentage for treated samples that were subjected to five cycles of wetting and drying in 90 days was found to be 20.38% (lime) and 38.64% (AA), respectively. Therefore, it can be summarized that wetting/drying cycles have a significant influence on the durability, strength, and the volume changes of the specimens.

scholarly journals THE CLAY CONTENT EFFECT ON THE FORMATION OF SHALLOW MOLE DRAINAGE AND THE RATE OF LOWERING SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Siti Suharyatun ◽  
Bambang Purwantana ◽  
Abdul Rozaq ◽  
Muhjidin Mawardi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Deformation ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Installing shallow mole drainage in the soil is infl uenced by various factors, namely; the physical properties of soil and tools which are used. One of the physical properties of soil that infl uences the formation of the mole drainage is the clay content of soil. This study aimed to explore the condition of the mole drainage formed in paddy soil with different clay contents. The study was conducted in a laboratory scale using a soil bin, a model of mole plough, and soil which was kept homogeneous in the boxes. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory for Energy andAgricultural Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Mole drainage was installed in 3 paddy soils with different clay content, namely; 13.12% (soil A; loam soil), 41.17% (soil B; clay soil) and 53.36% (soil C; clay soil). The study was conducted by analyzing the geometry of the mole drainage and observingthe soil deformation which occurred due to the formation of the mole drainage. The study showed that perfect mole drainages were installed in all of those three types of soil. The mole drainages were quite good and stable with little cracks. Based on the soil crack and fi ssuring of soil, the largest soil deformation has occurred in soil with the highestclay content and the smallest one in soil with the lowest clay content. The characteristics of those three installed mole drainages were almost the same, but they had different effect on the rate of lowering soil moisture content. Here, the mole drainage installed in loam soil is different from which of installed in clay soil. The mole drainage installed in theloam soil did not infl uence the rate of lowering soil moisture content. Contrary, the mole drainage installed in clay soil has effected to increase the rate of lowering soil moisture content.Keywords: Mole drainage, soil moisture content, clay content

scholarly journals Effect of Biomimetic Surface Geometry, Soil Texture, and Soil Moisture Content on the Drag Force of Soil-Touching Parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8927
Author(s):  
Abouelnadar El. Salem ◽  
Hongchang Wang ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Xiantao Zha ◽  
Mohamed Anwer Abdeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Dome Height ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
Base Diameter ◽  
Coverage Ratio

Soil adhesion is a major problem for agricultural machinery, especially in sticky soils within the plastic range. One promising and practical way to minimize soil–tool adhesion is to modify the surface geometry to one inspired by soil-burrowing animals. In this study, 27 domed discs were fabricated according to an L27 (33) Taguchi orthogonal array and tested to determine the optimal dimensions of domed surfaces to reduce drag force. The optimized domed disc was tested in a soil bin under different soil conditions (soil texture: silty loam and sandy clay loam; soil moisture content: 23%, 30%, and 37%). All trials included a flat disc (without a dome pattern) as a control. The optimal dimensions of domed surfaces to generate the lowest possible drag force under the present experimental conditions were explored based on signal-to-noise ratio analysis. The optimal levels of control parameters were found at a surface coverage ratio of 60%, dome height of 5 mm, and dome base diameter of 20 mm. Statistics revealed that the dome height-to-diameter ratio and disc coverage ratio are crucial factors that influence the drag force of domed surfaces. In contrast, the dome base diameter had a limited influence on drag force. In all treatments, the drag force of the optimized domed disc was less than that of the flat disc (by about 9% to 25%, according to soil conditions). Accordingly, it can be concluded that adequately designed domed surfaces could significantly reduce the drag force in sticky soil compared to their flat counterparts.

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