Cadmium concentration in cattle tissues in the Czech Republic

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the cadmium concentrations in the muscles, liver, and kidney of three age categories (≤ 8 months; ≤ 2 years; ≥ 2 years) of cattle during the period of years 2014–2019 and to determine the age limit at which the concentration of cadmium in an organ with the highest accumulation increases health risk for consumers. In cattle above two years of age, there was a higher average cadmium concentration in the liver (0.10 mg/kg) and kidney (0.62 mg/kg), when compared with cadmium concentration in the liver (0.06 mg/kg) and kidney (0.24 mg/kg) of cattle under two years of age. A paired correlation coefficient r = 0.825 8 (P < 0.006) and Spearman’s coefficient ρ = 0.92 (P < 0.000 1) were calculated for the dependence of the cadmium concentration on the age. The correlation analysis statistically demonstrated a significant positive correlation between the concentration of cadmium in the kidney and the age of the cattle. A non-significant difference between the maximum limit and the average concentration of the cadmium in the kidney of the cattle from the age of 6 years (P = 0.029) was demonstrated using the t-test. The cadmium concentration in the muscles was low and was not significantly affected by the cattle’s age.

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Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Urban Children of Two Age Groups in Relation to Their Antibiotic Therapy

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01724-10 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 3005-3007 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ivan Literak ◽

Radim Petro ◽

Monika Dolejska ◽

Erika Gruberova ◽

Hana Dobiasova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Two Age Groups

ABSTRACTThe study was performed in the Czech Republic during 2007 to 2009. OfEscherichia coliisolates from 275 children aged 6 weeks, 36% (n= 177) were resistant to 1 to 7 antibiotics. Of isolates from 253 children aged 6 to 17 years, 24% (n= 205) were resistant to 1 to 5 antibiotics. There was no significant difference in the prevalences of antibiotic-resistantE. coliisolates between these groups of children, even though the consumptions of antibiotics were quite different.

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Teachers’ Acceptance of Curriculum Reform in the Czech Republic: One Decade Later

Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal ◽

10.26529/cepsj.560 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karolína Pešková ◽

Michaela Spurná ◽

Petr Knecht

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Secondary Teachers ◽

Curriculum Reform ◽

Teaching Experience ◽

School Management ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Concern Based Adoption Model ◽

Visegrad Group

Similarly to other Visegrád Group countries, the most recent curriculum reform in the Czech Republic brought substantial changes in the curriculum documents for schools. The purpose of this study is to investigate Czech primary and lower secondary teachers’ current attitudes towards curriculum reform. The results of a survey (n = 701) indicate that teachers have adopted rather negative attitudes. The acceptance of reform tends to increase among the teachers who use curriculum documents regularly and among the teachers with higher self-efficacy. In addition, teachers with system-centred/curriculum-oriented approaches are willing to accept the reform. There is no significant difference between teachers’ gender, their length of teaching experience, and their involvement in school management. Within the general frame of the Concern-Based Adoption Model (CBAM), the study draws on data from one country, but the implications for further educational development are potentially applicable across countries with similar educational policy backgrounds.

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ECO-INNOVATIONS: DIFFERENCES IN THE TURNOVER OF ENGINEERING AND THE ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY FIRMS

10th International Scientific Conference “Business and Management 2018” ◽

10.3846/bm.2018.19 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nina Bockova ◽

Tomas Meluzin

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Binomial Test ◽

Main Question ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Short Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Electrical Industry ◽

Data Source ◽

Level Of Significance

This paper aims to examine the similarities between innovative companies in the Engineering and the Electrotechnical industry in the Czech Republic. The main question is whether R & D spending in companies with eco-innovation leads to a rise in turnover even in a short period of time. The paper uses the Burea Van Dijk database – Amadeus as a data source. This data source includes 186 large enterprises with information on employee’s numbers, turnover, sector affiliation and R & D expenditure. A binomial test of statistical significance was used for the comparison of the two groups of companies. The authors find that approximately one-third of enterprises record revenue slump. There was no statistically significant difference at the level of significance α = 0,05 between the shares of enterprises with eco-innovations that showed a decrease in turnover.

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Mycoflora of the spring barley grains especially Fusarium spp.

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200755010165 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 165-172

Author(s):

Ivana Šafránková ◽

Jaroslava Marková ◽

Karel Vejražka ◽

Jana Hübschová ◽

Jaroslava Ehrenbergerová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Malting Barley ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Genus Fusarium ◽

Frequent Species ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Barley Grains

Infestation of the barley grains by pathogens (fungi of the genus Fusarium) was studied on malting barley from Kroměříž and Žabčice in the Czech Republic. Most frequent species in year 2005 was: Alternaria, Cladosporium and Fusarium. Most frequent species of Fusarium were F. culmorum, F. graminearum and F. avenaceum. A statistically significant difference was discovered when we compared the number of fusarium-attacked ears of the untreated variants of both localities (higher attack in Žabčice).

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Mental training and influence of temperamental dimensions in preparation of the Czech Republic weightlifting representative in junior category under 23 years: Case study

E-psychologie ◽

10.29364/epsy.383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 31-42

Author(s):

Petr Krol ◽

◽

Dana Štěrbová ◽

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Training Program ◽

Mental Skills ◽

Training Methods ◽

Mental Training ◽

Sports Training ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

National Team ◽

Training Techniques ◽

Significant Difference

Background. According to the coaches, the weightlifters of the national team show deficiencies in mental skills, which leads to unbalanced performance at top competitions. Based on the knowledge of the efficacy of mental training (MT) from other sports, it is possible to conclude the potential of the MT in top weightlifting. Objective. The main aim of the authors was to create and verify a program based on mental training techniques implemented in sports training of weightlifter of the junior category of the Czech Republic, and also to reflect the influence of the competitor's temperamental dimensions on the implementation of the MT program in her sports training. Methods. Semi-structured interviews with the athlete and the coach before and after the implementation of the mental training program were conducted. A psychodiagnostic tests – Test of attention d2 and TEZADO measuring attention resp. temperamental dimensions were used in addition to subjective statements. Self-assessing scales were also used to obtain more quantitative data. Results. Results showed that some of the mental training techniques had a positive effect on deficient mental skills. These mental skills are crucial in the preparation of the weightlifting representative and can have a significant influence on a sports athlete's performance. The most significant difference was achieved in the skill of refocusing and the smallest difference in imagination. According to the subject, the influence of the temperamental dimensions on the mental training program had a significant impact in connection with the refocusing and anger coping. Conclusion. Mental training techniques can help top weightlifters to overcome the mental skills deficiencies used in their sports training, which may have a positive influence on performance in both training and competitions. Self-knowledge of the temperamental dimensions is significant to the success of the program.

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Flight activity of Anthribus nebulosus Forster, 1770 (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) and notes to its life history

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/2150-jfs ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (Special Issue) ◽

pp. 11-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Holuša ◽

M. Trýzna

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Flight Activity ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Rainy Weather ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lowland Forests ◽

Males And Females ◽

Malaise Traps

In the Czech Republic, A. nebulosus occurs in coniferous, deciduous as well as in mixed forests, in lowland forests and even on forest-steppe habitats. Larvae occur mainly on Picea sp., Pinus sp. and Abies sp.; adults occur on the same tree species and also on Larix sp., Quercus sp., Salix sp. and Fagus sp. Adults overwinter in the bark of several coniferous trees with thicker bark (mainly Pinus sylvestris L. and Larix decidua Mill.) where they are hidden in cracks. Woodpeckers attack such trees with masses ofA. nebulosus very intensively. In five localities with Malaise traps in the Nízký Jeseník Hills, the flight activity started at the beginning of May and ended in mid-June with the peak at the end of May and beginning of June in 2005. In 2006, the flight activity started later in mid-May and lasted to the beginning of July but was interrupted by cold and rainy weather. At higher altitudes were beetles sampled only in the first half of June in 2006. The size of males and females is very similar. In total, pronotum width of males varied between 0.85 mm and 2.40 mm, and females between 1.00 mm and 2.30 mm. There is no statistically significant difference between them. The equal sex ratio found in our material could confirm the fact that the flight activity of both sexes is the same.

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Mycotoxins content and its association with changing patterns of Fusarium pathogens in wheat in the Czech Republic

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2016.2133 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 143-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T. Sumíková ◽

J. Chrpová ◽

Z. Džuman ◽

J. Salava ◽

L. Štěrbová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Average Frequency ◽

The European Union ◽

Head Blight ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Average Value ◽

Changing Patterns ◽

Maximum Limit

Mycotoxin content in 244 samples of wheat ears randomly collected during 2014 and 2015 from various localities in the Czech Republic was analysed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Mean mycotoxin concentration in 2014 was highest for deoxynivalenol (DON; 760 μg/kg), followed by zearalenone (ZEA; 115 μg/kg), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON; 88 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (83 μg/kg), and enniatins (ENNs; 102 μg/kg). In 2015, DON (66 μg/kg) also had the highest concentration level, followed by ENNs (35 μg/kg), nivalenol (2 μg/kg), and beauvericin (2 μg/kg). The maximum limit for DON in the European Union (1,250 μg/kg) was exceeded in 2% of samples, and the maximum limit for ZEA (100 μg/kg) was exceeded in 0.8% of samples. Fusarium species causing head blight were identified using PCR assays. During 2014-2015, Fusarium poae considerably dominated (48.7% average value of occurrence in the samples). Other species were detected in much lower frequencies in both years: Fusarium graminearum (average frequency of occurrence 13.7%), Fusarium avenaceum (11.9%), Fusarium culmorum (4.2%), and Fusarium equiseti (2.9%). Fusarium langsethiae was identified only in 2015, at a frequency of 10.2%, and Fusarium sporotrichioides was present only sporadically in 2014.

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An exploratory study investigating the perception that ICT capital projects are different

Management Research Review ◽

10.1108/mrr-09-2013-0218 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (10) ◽

pp. 912-927 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Josef Hynek ◽

Václav Janeček ◽

Frank Lefley ◽

Kateřina Půžová ◽

Jan Němeček

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Academic Research ◽

Future Research ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Capital Projects ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Content Type ◽

Risk Assessment Models ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose – The purpose of this study/paper is evidence to suggest that information communication technology (ICT) capital projects are different from non-ICT projects and that as a result the appraisal of such projects is more difficult. This may suggest that organisations would use dissimilar financial and risk assessment models or place different importance levels on such models between the two types of investment. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this issue and present the results of research into the practices of organisations in Czech Republic that have recently undertaken an appraisal of both ICT and non-ICT capital projects. Design/methodology/approach – A factual and attitudinal survey was developed and conducted during the end of 2011, addressed to organisations based in the Czech Republic. The object of the survey was the identification of current practices in respect of the appraisal of both ICT and non-ICT projects and the opinions of senior executives on a number of important issues regarding such practices. This paper focuses on the issues relating to ICT projects being “different” from non-ICT projects. Findings – The empirical findings support the literature in that ICT projects are, in many respects, different from non-ICT projects. However, the evidence indicates that, in practice, there is no significant difference in the financial and risk assessment models used in their appraisal. This indicates that any perceived difficulties, which may infer that the projects are “different”, are overcome (or ignored), to some extent, when it comes to the formal financial and risk assessment stage of project appraisal. There is also evidence to suggest that practitioners use assessment models that academics regard as unsophisticated. The findings also show that strategic issues are more important with respect of ICT projects than non-ICT projects. The research therefore supports the view that ICT projects are perceived to be different, but that the current conventional (financial and risk) appraisal models are adequate to appraise such capital projects, provided they are supported by a strategic assessment. Research limitations/implications – As the findings are based on a survey of companies in the Czech Republic only, we accept that the research results may have some limitations in terms of drawing general conclusions. The concern over drawing general conclusions is also brought about by the relatively low response rate, although the rate is in line with previous published research. Practical implications – ICT projects are different and as such these differences must be taken into account when appraising capital projects. The evidence supports the need for practitioners to review their appraisal of ICT capital projects, by adopting more sophisticated financial and risk models (as prescribed by academics) and linking their appraisal to corporate strategic goals. Future research should be aimed at identifying the formal and informal strategic approaches adopted by practitioners in the appraisal of ICT capital projects. Originality/value – This is the only survey to simultaneously address the appraisal issues concerning both ICT and non-ICT projects in the Czech Republic. As such, it gives a valuable insight into the practices of Czech Republic organisations in their appraisal of ICT and non-ICT capital projects. The identification of the four main problem areas with respect to the appraisal of ICT projects will help to focus academic research in the future.

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A Comparison of the Market Orientation Model in Czech and German High‑Tech Companies

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201664051717 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 1717-1729

Author(s):

Patrik Jangl

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Market Orientation ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Good Condition ◽

High Tech ◽

Measuring Instruments ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Significant Difference ◽

German Model ◽

Scalar Invariance

A Market orientation belongs to the permanent factors of success and even in the periods of economic instability it helps to keep a company in a good condition. This article aims to compare the Czech and German model of market‑orientation of high‑tech companies in the manufacturing industry. the overall index of market orientation in the Czech Republic and Germany is almost identical. Subsequently, invariance was tested using the method of Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis. a comparison of absolute terms of the models shows that significant difference among the coefficients exists in the item regarding obtaining information about competitors – i.e. competitor intelligence generation. the research did not demonstrate statistically significant differences between the models. All criteria consistently confirm configural, metric and partial scalar invariance. the only rejected equivalence is scalar invariance. In this study, therefore, no significant differences were demonstrated between the models of market‑orientation of Czech and German high‑tech companies. There are other studies that deal with the measurement invariance models of market‑oriented high‑tech companies. Using Czech and German data, this work has helped to clarify that the two versions of the measuring instruments (English and Czech) are indeed equivalent to each other. Based on the research findings, academics and managers are recommend the use both measuring scales indiscriminately as valid tools for determining the index of market orientation in high‑tech firms in the manufacturing industry. For now, there is no similar or comparable research in the Czech Republic or Germany. For this reason, it seems appropriate to replicate this research in the future, including discussions with authors who deal with the issue of market orientation.

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Tropospheric ozone in the Czech Republic, 1994-2000

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.000205 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 163-170

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Tropospheric Ozone ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Threshold Values ◽

Critical Levels ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

The Public

Air pollution is changing the ecosystems, especially in Europe. Tropospheric ozone may adversely affect tree growth, with critical levels for ozone being exceeded in many parts of Europe, especially in the Czech Republic. This research reports the information on exceedances of ozone threshold values for the period 1994 to 2000 and gives an evaluation of the observed exceedances of the thresholds during the vegetation period (April-September) and from May to July at the Bílý Køí station. The threshold for warning of the public (240 ìg m-3 as hourly average concentration) was not exceeded at the Bílý Køí station for the studied period. The threshold value for information to the population (180 ìg m-3 as hourly average concentration) was exceeded in 1994 (July and August), 1995 (May and July), 1998 (August) and 2000 (June). The threshold value set for the protection of human health population (120 ìg m-3 as eight-hourly average concentration) was exceeded for all period at the Bílý Køí station.

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