scholarly journals Comparison of two muscle fibre staining techniques and their relation to pork quality traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Nicole Lebedová ◽  
Tersia Needham ◽  
Jaroslav Čítek ◽  
Monika Okrouhlá ◽  
Kateřina Zadinová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Atpase Staining

This study compared two histochemical staining methods of muscle fibres and evaluated their relationship with the meat quality traits of two high-value porcine muscles. Immunohistochemical (IHC) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) staining was used to assess the cross-sectional area and proportion of fibre-types I, IIa, IIx and IIb in the samples of longissimus lumborum (LL) and psoas major (PM) muscles collected one-hour post-mortem from 25 crossbred pigs [Large White<sub>Sire</sub> × (Landrace × Large White<sub>Dam</sub>)] at an average age of 152 days. Muscles differed in all fibre parameters, except the proportion and relative area of type IIx fibres. The LL muscle exhibited greater fibre cross-sectional areas of all fibre types, higher proportions of type IIb/IIB, and lower proportions of I and IIa fibres than the PM muscle in both staining techniques. These two muscles also differed marginally in moisture, crude protein and intramuscular fat content. The PM muscle showed a low correlation between fibre types and chemical composition, but the LL muscle showed moderate correlations between fibre CSA and area composition for moisture and ash content. After IHC staining, an increase in LL eye muscle area and drip loss were correlated with lower proportions of type I fibres, while a greater proportion of type IIx fibres resulted in increased LL eye muscle area and moisture content. Furthermore, a higher CSA of all fibre types in the LL decreased redness (a*) and moisture content of the muscle. Results showed that IHC is more appropriate than ATPase staining for the assessment of relationships between muscle fibre parameters and meat quality traits in pigs.

The area of eye muscle of beef cattle carcasses

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
RM Seebeck
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
The Cross

Variations in the cross-sectional area of eye muscle of carcasses cut between the tenth and eleventh ribs were investigated, using 105 Hereford and 51 Angus steers aged 20 months. These cattle consisted of three groups, born in successive years. At constant carcass weight, statistically significant differences in eye muscle area were found between breeds and between years. Breed and year differences were also found in eye muscle area with width and depth of eye muscle constant, so that there are limitations to the estimation of eye muscle area from width and depth measurements. A nomograph is given for estimating eye muscle area from width and depth for Hereford and Angus cattle, when all animals are reared in the same year and environment. The use of eye muscle area as an indicator of weight of carcass muscle is discussed.

The effect of different dietary protein levels in the rearing phase (from 60 kg) on body composition and reproductive performance of gilts

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
M C Cia ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
V L Glasgow ◽  
M Shanks ◽  
H Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Real Time Ultrasonography

Low protein diets have been proposed as a way to enhance fat reserves and reduce liveweight gain in breeding animals of very lean genotypes. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different protein levels on daily gain, body composition and reproductive performance of gilts.At 118 (sem=0.28) days old, 54 genetically lean gilts ((Landrace x Large White) x Large White) were allocated, considering firstly age and secondly weight, between three treatments with different dietary lysine:energy (g/MJ DE) ratios: High (0.9), Medium (0.6) and Low (0.3), fed twice daily at 2.9 x maintenance energy. Animals were weighed weekly and backfat thickness (P2) and muscle depth values were also taken. Eye muscle area measurements were taken by real time ultrasonography (Aloka 500) at the end of the experiment At 160 days of age, puberty was induced by administration of exogenous gonadotropin (PG600).

Rat diaphragm during postnatal development. I. Changes in distribution of muscle fibre type and in oxidative potential

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Fratacci ◽  
M Levame ◽  
A Rauss ◽  
H Bousbaa ◽  
G Atlan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Cross Sectional

The changes occurring in the histochemical characteristics of the rat diaphragm during the postnatal period were examined. Fibre-type distribution, fibre oxidative capacity, i.e. succinate-dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and cross-sectional area were compared in the costal (COS) and crural (CRU) regions, and across their abdominal and thoracic surfaces. The proportions of type I and IIb fibres in both COS and CRU increased with age, while the proportion of type IIa fibres progressively decreased. For COS, fibre distribution was homogeneous over the entire muscle and did not change after 4 weeks. For CRU, it was heterogeneous with a higher proportion of type I fibres on the thoracic surface as from the first week. All fibre types significantly increased in cross-sectional area between 1 and 8 weeks, with no significant differences in COS and CRU. Mean SDH activity did not differ between COS and CRU or across the muscles. Mean SDH activities-were low and identical in all fibre types at birth, and then increased, peaking at the 6th week in type I and IIa fibres. When total muscle fibre oxidative capacity was calculated from an index including fibre-type proportion, cross-sectional area and mean SDH activity, it was significantly higher at 1 than at 8 weeks after birth; this might have functional implications for the newborn.

Relationships between muscle fibre traits with meat and eating quality in pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 123-123
Author(s):  
N.D. Cameron ◽  
N. Oksbjerg ◽  
P. Henckel ◽  
G. Nute ◽  
S. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Genetic Predictors ◽  
Growth Selection ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Fibre Traits

Knowledge of the genetic and phenotypic relationships for muscle fibre characteristics with meat and eating quality in pigs is required by the pig breeding industry for two reasons. Muscle fibre traits, determined from muscle biopsy, could be used as genetic predictors of meat and eating quality traits and, secondly, if responses in meat and eating quality traits are partially due to changes in muscle fibre traits, then selection criteria can be designed to compensate for such responses. The current study estimated the genetic and phenotypic relationships for muscle fibre traits with meat and eating quality traits.The study consisted of 160 Large White pigs from lines divergently selected for lean growth rate on ad-libitum or restricted feeding regimes, lean food conversion ratio and daily food intake for seven generations in the Edinburgh lean growth selection experiment. Within each selection line, there were 10 pairs of full-sibs. Boars and gilts were tested from 30 kg, individually penned and fed a diet consisting of 224 g CP/kg DM and 15.9 MJ DE/kg DM.

A note on porcine skeletal muscle parameters and their possible use in early progeny testing

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Stickland ◽  
G. Goldspink
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Large White ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Fibre Density ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Fibre Number ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Total Muscle

SUMMARYAn ‘indicator muscle’ (m. flexor digiti V brevis) was removed in its entirety from several Large White and Landrace pigs of varying fat depth (measured over the eye-muscle area). The total muscle fibre number was measured in transverse sections for each muscle. Significant inverse relationships were found between this fibre number and fat depth measurements. These and other results suggest that fibre number is related to lean meat content. Fibre number was also shown to be highly correlated with fibre density and as thinner fibres (i.e. higher fibre density) are associated with more tender meat, fibre number may be associated with quality as well as quantity of meat.

Evaluation of overseas pig breeds using imported semen. 2. Prediction of carcass lean content

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Large White ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
Breed Comparison ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Regression Slopes ◽  
Imported Semen

SummaryAn analysis of data from the complete dissection of one side from 285 animals from a breed comparison experiment was conducted to determine whether there were important biases in the prediction of percentage lean in the side based on dissection of the rumpback joint and, if so, whether the dissection of any of five other sample joints would have been better.For estimating lean content of the side, it was found that the lean content of any sample joint except the hand was a more precise predictor than standard carcass measurements alone, while including the latter in a prediction equation based on a single sample joint dissection improved precision further. For prediction based on lean in the sample joint alone, any one of the ribback, ham and rumpback was best. If other carcass measurements were included (in particular, C fat depth, eye-muscle area and trimming percentage were found to be useful), there was little to choose between the joints. For all joints there were differences between sire breeds (Large White, Canadian Yorkshire, U.S. Duroc, U.S. Yorkshire, Danish Landrace or Norwegian Landrace), sexes (hog or gilt) and feeding regimens (ad libitum or scale) in lean content of the side at constant lean content of the sample joint, but the regression slopes differed only when the rumpback or streak was used as a predictor, and then only between ad libitum and scale-fed pigs. It will therefore be important in any future such experiment fully to dissect a sample of each class (breed, feeding regimen and sex) to provide unbiased estimates of the differences in lean content. A sample of 30 from each class should allow the differences to be estimated adequately.

The effect of different dietary protein levels in the rearing phase (from 60 kg) on body composition and reproductive performance of gilts

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
M C Cia ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
V L Glasgow ◽  
M Shanks ◽  
H Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Real Time Ultrasonography

Low protein diets have been proposed as a way to enhance fat reserves and reduce liveweight gain in breeding animals of very lean genotypes. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different protein levels on daily gain, body composition and reproductive performance of gilts.At 118 (sem=0.28) days old, 54 genetically lean gilts ((Landrace x Large White) x Large White) were allocated, considering firstly age and secondly weight, between three treatments with different dietary lysine:energy (g/MJ DE) ratios: High (0.9), Medium (0.6) and Low (0.3), fed twice daily at 2.9 x maintenance energy. Animals were weighed weekly and backfat thickness (P2) and muscle depth values were also taken. Eye muscle area measurements were taken by real time ultrasonography (Aloka 500) at the end of the experiment At 160 days of age, puberty was induced by administration of exogenous gonadotropin (PG600).

scholarly journals Performance of steer progeny of sires differing in genetic potential for fatness and meat yield following postweaning growth at different rates. 2. Carcass traits

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. McKiernan ◽  
J. F. Wilkins ◽  
J. Irwin ◽  
B. Orchard ◽  
S. A. Barwick
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Selection Of

The steer progeny of sires genetically diverse for fatness and meat yield were grown at different rates from weaning to feedlot entry and effects on growth, carcass and meat-quality traits were examined. The present paper, the second of a series, reports the effects of genetic and growth treatments on carcass traits. A total of 43 sires, within three ‘carcass class’ categories, defined as high potential for meat yield, marbling or both traits, was used. Where available, estimated breeding values for the carcass traits of retail beef yield (RBY%) and intramuscular fat (IMF%) were used in selection of the sires, which were drawn from Angus, Charolais, Limousin, Black Wagyu and Red Wagyu breeds, to provide a range of carcass sire types across the three carcass classes. Steer progeny of Hereford dams were grown at either conventional (slow: ~0.5 kg/day) or accelerated (fast: ~0.7 kg/day) rates from weaning to feedlot entry weight, with group means of ~400 kg. Accelerated and conventionally grown groups from successive calvings were managed to enter the feedlot at similar mean feedlot entry weights at the same time for the 100-day finish under identical conditions. Faster-backgrounded groups had greater fat levels in the carcass than did slower-backgrounded groups. Dressing percentages and fat colour were unaffected by growth treatment, whereas differences in ossification score and meat colour were explained by age at slaughter. There were significant effects of sire type for virtually all carcass traits measured in the progeny. Differences in hot standard carcass weight showed a clear advantage to European types, with variable outcomes for the Angus and Wagyu progeny. Sire selection by estimated breeding values (within the Angus breed) for yield and/or fat traits resulted in expected differences in the progeny for those traits. There were large differences in both meat yield and fatness among the types of greatest divergence in genetic potential for those traits, with the Black Wagyu and the Angus IMF clearly superior for IMF%, and the European types for RBY%. The Angus IMF progeny performed as well as that of the Black Wagyu for all fatness traits. Differences in RBY% among types were generally reflected by similar differences in eye muscle area. Results here provide guidelines for selecting sire types to target carcass traits for specific markets. The absence of interactions between growth and genetic treatments ensures that consistent responses can be expected across varying management and production systems.

scholarly journals Pattern of fibre type distribution within muscle fascicles of pigs (Sus scrofa domestica)

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Škorjanc ◽  
A. Šalehar ◽  
I. Eržen ◽  
M. Kastelic
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Type ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Large White ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Fibre Type Distribution ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domestica ◽  
Atpase Staining

In order to determine breed differences in the fascicle structure of skeletal muscles, longissimus dorsi muscles (LD) and semimembranous muscles (SM), Duroc (D), Large White (LW), German Landrace (GL) and Swedish Landrace (SL) boars were analyzed. Fibre type delineation was based on the method of myofibrillar ATPase staining. The fibres in a fascicle were divided into layers according to their relation to the perimysium. In each layer, the proportions of fibre types I, IIA and IIB were determined and normalized according to the fibre type proportion in the whole fascicle. Generally, a high proportion of IIB fibres on the periphery, a prevalence of type I and IIA in the layer below, and altered proportions of type I, IIA and IIB in layer 3 were found to be the main characteristics of the distribution of fibres in a porcine fascicle. Breed dissimilarity was established in the arrangement of fibre types, particularly in the first and third layer. The breeds that showed the highest proportions of type I and IIB fibres in LD and SM muscles were GL and SL boars.

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