scholarly journals Biological activities of essential oils and methanol extracts of five Ocimum species against pathogenic bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saha ◽  
T.D. Dhar ◽  
C. Sengupta ◽  
P. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Ocimum Species ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The essential oils and methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke, Ocimum gratissimum L, Ocimum canum Sims, and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (green type) were examined for their potential antibacterial activities. The chemical composition of essential oils of Ocimum species was analysed by GC-MS. The inhibitory effects of essential oils and methanol extracts were studied on two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus) and five Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, and Shigella flexneri) bacteria using disc-diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed by micro broth dilution method. The antibacterial test results showed that the essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke, and Ocimum gratissimum L. strongly inhibited the growth of all of the microorganisms studied, especially of the Gram-negative strains, whereas other two essential oils showed moderate activities. The result may suggest that the essential oils of Ocimum possess compounds with antibacterial activities, and therefore could be used as natural preservative ingredients in food and/or pharmaceutical industries.  

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Three Lectins Purified from Drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Leaves

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahanaz Khatun ◽  
MMH Khan ◽  
M Ashraduzzaman ◽  
Farzana Pervin ◽  
Luthfunnessa Bari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Gram Negative

Context: Plant materials contain glycoproteins (phytolectins) that are toxic in nature may play a key role in the control of various normal and pathological processes in living organisms and have diverse biochemical and diagnostic applications. Objectives: Screening of three lectins SLL-1, SLL-2 and SLL-3 purified from Drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves for their antibacterial activities and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Materials and Methods: Three bioactive lectins were purified from Drumstick leaves by conventional chromatographic methods. The lectins were tested for their antibacterial activities against three pathogenic bacteria- Escherichia coli (gram-negative) Shigella dysenteriae (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) using the standard disc-diffusion method. Mortality of the brine shrimp naupli was assessed by hality bioassay. Results: All the lectins showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, Sh. dysenteriae and St. aureus. They also showed cytotoxic effect in brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) lethality bioassay. The LC50 values of SLL-1, SLL-2 and SLL-3 were found to be 15.8, 17.78 and 14.12 μg/ml respectively. The experimental results revealed that SLL-3 is more cytotoxic than other lectins. The lectin SLL-3 showed lowest activity whereas SLL-1 showed highest activity against the three bacteria. Conclusion: Results suggest that the extracts from M. oleifera leaf can be a source of natural antimicrobials with potential applications in pharmaceutical industry to control coliform bacteria.Key words:  Drumstick; Moringa oleifera; lectins; antibacterial activity; brine shrimp; bioassayDOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7112J. bio-sci. 17: 89-94, 2009

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Nutmeg Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarifah Nurjanah ◽  
Indira Lanti Putri ◽  
Dwi Pretti Sugiarti
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Indonesia is one of the largest producer of nutmeg oil  (Myristica fragrans). This essential oil has a lot of usefulness for food and pharmaceutical industries, however antibacterial activity of Indonesian nutmeg oil  has not been investigated yet.  Antibacterial activity   Myristica fragrans oil from two areas respectively (Sulawesi and Central Java) were investigated.  The essential oils was extracted using water and steam distiller and then its antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (gram-positive bacteria : Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, and gram-negative bacteria :  Shigella Dysenteriae, Salmonella Typhi) was examined.  Resistance pattern was studied by in vitro disc diffusion method   using essential oil concentration   20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%.   The result showed that the two essential oils inhibited all bacteria. The highest inhibition zone on Central Java nutmeg oil was on 60% concentration of the oil (12.96 16.79, 13.46 and 16.50 mm for S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. dysenteriae, S. typhi respectively), while on Sulawesi nutmeg oil was on 100% concentration (18.84, 16.54, 17.84 and 12.54 mm for S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. dysenteriae, S. typhi respectively). Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Nutmeg oil; Central Java; Sulawesi

scholarly journals Study and comparison of antibacterial activities of extracts of Zataria multiflora and Teucrium polium on Penibacillus alvei

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
E. REZVANNEJAD ◽  
E. NASIRIFAR ◽  
S. LOTFI ◽  
M. ABDOLINASAB
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Zataria Multiflora ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Paenibacillus Alvei ◽  
Teucrium Polium

In this study, the antibacterial activity of ethanol and methanol extracts of Zataria multiflora and Teucrium polium was determined against Paenibacillus alvei by disc diffusion method. Paenibacillus alvei is one secondary bacterium for the European foulbrood disease in honey bee. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by using the serial dilution method. For this, Z. multiflora and T. polium are collected from different areas of Iran then they are dried and extracted in lab. The antibacterial effect of alcoholic extracts of Z. multiflora and T. polium was lower than usual standard antibiotics (P<0.01), but the ethanol and methanol extracts of Z. multiflora at a concentration of 60mg/ml, have inhibitory and lethal effects on P. alvei. Also, 100mg/ml concentrations of ethanol extract of T. polium has inhibitory and lethal effects on this bacterium. But, the no one of used concentrations of its methanol extract has inhibitory and lethal effects. Results indicated that used extracts of Z. multiflora have the higher antibacterial effects than extract of T. polium on Paenibacillus alvei. It can be concluded that regarding the high antibacterial power of Z. multiflora, it is necessity to work on how they can be used in control and treatment of bacterial honey bee diseases.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Potential of Aloe weloensis (Aloeacea) Leaf Latex against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Yohannes Kelifa Emiru ◽  
Ebrahim Abdela Siraj ◽  
Tekleab Teka Teklehaimanot ◽  
Gedefaw Getnet Amare
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Objective. To evaluate the antibacterial effects of the leaf latex of Aloe weloensis against infectious bacterial strains. Methods. The leaf latex of A. weloensis at different concentrations (400, 500, and 600 mg/ml) was evaluated for antibacterial activities using the disc diffusion method against some Gram-negative species such as Escherichia coli (ATCC 14700) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 35619) and Gram-positive such as Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 50080) and Enterococcus fecalis (ATCC 4623). Results. The tested concentrations of the latex ranging between 400 and 600 mg·mL−1 showed significant antibacterial activity against bacterial strain. The highest dose (600 mg/ml) of A. weloensis leaf latex revealed the maximum activity (25.93 ± 0.066 inhibition zone) followed by the dose 500 mg/ml against S. aureus. The lowest antibacterial activity was observed by the concentration 400 mg/ml (5.03 ± 0.03) against E. coli. Conclusion. The results of the present investigation suggest that the leaf latex of A. weloensis can be used as potential leads to discover new drugs to control some bacterial infections.

Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. from Iran

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sonboli ◽  
Fereshteh Eftekhar ◽  
Morteza Yousefzadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Kanani
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Two Samples

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from two samples (GP1 and GP2) of Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The analysis of the oils resulted in the identification of twenty-two constituents. Linalool (79.0% - GP1, 81.8% - GP2) and limonene (10.0%, 5.8%) were found to be the major components, respectively. The in vitro antibacterial activities of these oils and their main compounds against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were investigated. The results exhibited that the total oils and their major components possess strong to moderate activities against all the tested bacteria except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effect of essential oils of some Fijian medicinal plant leaves on pathogenic bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Prayna P. P. Maharaj ◽  
Riteshma Devi ◽  
Surendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Fiji is highly populated with plants containing essential oils (EO). The essential oils extracted from the leaves of the selected Fijian leafy plants were screened against two Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis). The agar diffusion method was used to examine the antimicrobial activities of the extracted EO. All the EO tested showed antibacterial properties against one or more strains while none of the EO was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viburnum lantana (Wayfaring tree), Annona muricata (Soursop), Coleus amboinicus (Spanish thyme) and Cinnamomum zeylancium (Cinnamon) showed good inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and proved as worthy source of antimicrobial agent. These findings will help the Pacific population to use the studied plants leaves as antimicrobial agent.

Comparative Evaluation of the Larvicidal Properties of Methanol Extracts and Fractions of Ocimum gratissimum L. and Ocimum basilicum L. Leaves (Lamiaceae) on the Fourth Instar Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus L. and Control of Filariasis

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Romanus A. Umoh ◽  
Imoh I. Johnny ◽  
Anwanabasi E. Udoh ◽  
Akwaowoh A. Elijah ◽  
Omodot T. Umoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
And Control

Background: Botanical insecticides may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic insecticides because they contain bioactive chemicals. They are relatively safe, biodegradable and readily available in many areas of the world. Objective: The aim of this study is to comparatively evaluate the larvicidal properties of methanol extracts and fractions of Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum basilicum leaves on fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of filariasis. Methods: The plants were identified, collected, air-dried and pulverized. The powdered leaves were macerated in 100% redistilled methanol for 72 hours, filtered and concentrated to thick extracts. After the preliminary work was done as activity-guided process, the crude extracts were partitioned into different solvents and again concentrated to thick fractions. The percentage yields were calculated and recorded. The larvae were collected from a location at Ewet Housing Estate, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Toxicity was evaluated by exposing fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus to a concentration range of 0.0625 to 1.000mg/mL of the methanol crude extracts and fractions. The larval mortalities were recorded after 24 hours of exposure and LC50 values were determined using the non-linear regression analysis of a statistical package graph pad prism®. Results: The results of percentage mortalities of methanol crude extracts ranged from 2.5±0.50 to 67.50±1.05% for O. gratissimum and 2.5±0.50 to 100±0.00% for O. basilicum with their LC50 of 0.79mg/mL and 0.18mg/mL respectively.  The solvent partitioned fractions also showed that the percentage mortalities of n-hexane and chloroform of O. gratissimum ranged from 5±1.00% to 100±0.00% and 17.5±1.5% to 97.5±0.5% with their LC50 of 0.29mg/mL and 0.32 mg/mL respectively, while those of O. basilicum ranged from 0.25±0.5% to 100±0.00% for n-hexane and 7.5±0.5% to 92.5±1.5% for chloroform fractions with their LC50 of 0.42mg/mL and 0.39 mg/mL compared to that of Nicotine (positive control) with LC50 of 0.01mg/mL with a percentage mortality range of 10±1.00 to 100±0.00%.  Conclusion: O. basilicum leaf methanol crude extract was more than four times active than that of O. gratissimum, but n-hexane and chloroform solvent partitioned fractions of O. gratissimum were more active than those of O. basilicum considering their percentage mortalities and LC50.                   Hence, both methanol crude extracts of O. basilicum and n-hexane fraction of O. gratissimum     have greater potentials as larvicides which can also be used in the control of C. quinquefasciatus larvae.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of four Parmeliaceae lichen species

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Stojanovic ◽  
Niko Radulovic ◽  
Vladimir Cvetkovic ◽  
Tatjana Mitrovic ◽  
Slavisa Stamenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Group I ◽  
Distinguished Group

Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of four Parmeliaceae lichens (Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale and Parmelia sulcata Taylor) against a panel of microbial strains (11 Gram-positive (Enterococus sp., Bacillus subtilllis, Sarcina lutea, Micrococus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium sporogenes) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonela enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae), the filamentous fungus A. niger and the yeast C. albicans) was assayed using a disk diffusion method (1 mg of the extract per disc; extracts were dissolved in methanol, 25 mg/mL). All tested extracts showed moderate antimicrobial activity. Multivariate statistical treatment (agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis, AHC) of the obtained results allowed grouping of the samples according to their antimicrobial potential against different strains: antimicrobial profile of H. physodes and E. prunastri extracts were comparable; the similar is true for F. caperata and P. sulcata samples. In addition, based on the similarities/ dissimilarities in their susceptibility toward the tested extracts, two groups of microorganisms could be distinguished: Group I - P. vulgaris, K. pneumoniae (Gram-negative bacteria), A. niger and C. albicans; Group II - E. coli, S. enteritidis, P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative bacteria) and all of the assayed Gram-positive strains.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of Xanthium Strumarium L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Devkota ◽  
Ritu Kumari Das
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Antibacterial activities of Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae) was carried out in laboratory. Distilled water and methanol extracts of the leaves of plant was prepared. The antibacterial activity was studied against six pathogenic bacteria, three gram negative: Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 15380), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 49132), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and three gram positive: Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25932) at different concentrations (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg/ ml, 250 mg/ml) of leaf extracts of X. strumurium. The phytochemical screening depicted the presence of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The antibacterial activity of extracts was determined by disc diffusion method and zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured. Gram negative bacteria was found more resistant than gram positive bacteria. The most susceptible bacterium was S. aureus while the most resistant bacterium was E. coli. Methanolic extract was found more effective than distilled water. These findings suggest that extracts obtained from leaves of X. strumurium possess biobactericidal potential, which can suitably be exploited for making antibacterial drugs.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 70-77

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