scholarly journals Effect of sprayer parameters and wind speed on spray retention and soil deposits of pesticides: Case of artichoke cultivar

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 333-343
Author(s):  
Hassouna Bahrouni ◽  
Hanene Chaabane ◽  
Nidhal Marzougui ◽  
Sana Ben Meriem ◽  
BCHINI Houcine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Soil Deposits ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Deposition ◽  
The Impact

Irrational use of chemical method for crop protection, presents increasingly serious risks for human health and the environment. Droplet size and meteorological parameters are key factors to both environmental contamination and pest control efficacy. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of the nozzle use parameters, the operating pressure and the wind speed on droplet foliage deposition (retention) and soil deposition (losses), when treating artichoke. Several combinations were tested in a wind tunnel and in the field, under Mediterranean microclimatic conditions, using a fluorescent dye as a substitute for pesticide. Multiple regression models were built from tunnel data to predict foliage deposition and soil deposits, with determination coefficients of 0.96. Thus, models are able to simulate pesticide deposition on artichoke leaves and soil deposition, depending on sprayer parameters and wind speed. Foliage deposition and soil deposits rates ranged from 30 to 52% and 26 to 57% respectively for anti-drift nozzle. For conventional nozzle, rates varied from 20 to 38% and 31 to 62%. To improve retention and reduce spray losses, it is recommended to choose a medium droplet size when using an anti-drift nozzle, in conjunction with medium nozzle size, medium pressure and reduced wind speed.

Sensitivity of Wind Farm Output to Wind Conditions, Land Configuration, and Installed Capacity, Under Different Wake Models

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyang Tong ◽  
Souma Chowdhury ◽  
Ali Mehmani ◽  
Achille Messac ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Wind Farm Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farm Design

In conventional wind farm design and optimization, analytical wake models are generally used to estimate the wake-induced power losses. Different wake models often yield significantly dissimilar estimates of wake velocity deficit and wake width. In this context, the wake behavior, as well as the subsequent wind farm power generation, can be expressed as functions of a series of key factors. A quantitative understanding of the relative impact of each of these key factors, particularly under the application of different wake models, is paramount to reliable quantification of wind farm power generation. Such an understanding is however not readily evident in the current state of the art in wind farm design. To fill this important gap, this paper develops a comprehensive sensitivity analysis (SA) of wind farm performance with respect to the key natural and design factors. Specifically, the sensitivities of the estimated wind farm power generation and maximum farm output potential are investigated with respect to the following key factors: (i) incoming wind speed, (ii) ambient turbulence, (iii) land area per MW installed, (iv) land aspect ratio, and (v) nameplate capacity. The extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (e-FAST), which helpfully provides a measure of both first-order and total-order sensitivity indices, is used for this purpose. The impact of using four different analytical wake models (i.e., Jensen, Frandsen, Larsen, and Ishihara models) on the wind farm SA is also explored. By applying this new SA framework, it was observed that, when the incoming wind speed is below the turbine rated speed, the impact of incoming wind speed on the wind farm power generation is dominant, irrespective of the choice of wake models. Interestingly, for array-like wind farms, the relative importance of each input parameter was found to vary significantly with the choice of wake models, i.e., appreciable differences in the sensitivity indices (of up to 70%) were observed across the different wake models. In contrast, for optimized wind farm layouts, the choice of wake models was observed to have marginal impact on the sensitivity indices.

Secular stagnation in the modern world

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Drobyshevsky ◽  
P. V. Trunin ◽  
A. V. Bozhechkova
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Destruction Process ◽  
Secular Stagnation ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the factors of secular stagnation. Key factors of long-term slowdown in economic growth include the slowdown of technological development, aging population, human capital accumulation limits, high public debt, creative destruction process violation etc. The authors analyze key theoretical aspects of long-term stagnation and study the impact of these factors on Japanies economy. The authors conclude that most of the factors have significant influence on the Japanese economy for recent decades, but they cannot explain all dynamics. For Russia, on the contrary, we do not see any grounds for considering the decline in the economy since 2013 as an episode of secular stagnation.

The Impact of Plant Protection Systems on the Productivity of Soybean Varieties under Irrigated Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The South ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
The Impact

The application of preparations of biological origin in the protection system of soybean grown under conditions of intensive irrigated crop rotations conforms to the modern tendencies of science and production development. The use of them contributes to solving ecological, production and social-economic problems. The study presents the three-year research on the efficiency of systems protecting soybean from pests and diseases based on biological and chemical preparations. The research was conducted in typical soil and climate conditions of the South of Ukraine. Zonal agricultural methods and generally accepted research methodology were used. The purpose of the research was to create a soybean protection system based on preparations of biological origin, ensuring high productivity of high-quality products reducing a negative impact of the crop production on the environment. The study emphasizes that, under irrigated conditions of the South of Ukraine, the application of biological preparations has a positive impact on the indexes of growth, development and formation of the elements of soybean yield structure. There was an increase in the crop biological weight by 13.8 % and 22.1 % and the number of seeds per plant rose by 11.6 and 14.6 % as a consequence of eliminating harmful organisms with the plant protection systems. The larger ground mass was formed by medium-ripe varieties Danai and Svyatogor, on which the increase from protection measures was higher. Weight 1000 pcs. the seeds did not undergo significant changes. It is established that the larger seeds were formed by Danaya and Svyatogor varieties, in which the average weight is 1000 pcs. seeds were 142 and 136 g, respectively, while in the variety Diona this figure was 133 g. There was an increase in the height of the lowest pod when the total plant height rose. For medium-ripe varieties was characterized by a higher attachment of beans, where the highest values of this indicator acquired in the variety Svyatogor. The medium maturing soybean variety Danaia formed the maximum yield of 3.23 and 3.35 t/ha respectively, when biological and chemical protection systems were applied. The research establishes that the application of the bio-fungicide Psevdobakterin 2 (2.0 l/ha) in the crop protection system at the beginning of soybean flowering and the bio-fungicide Baktofit (2.5 l/ha) with the bio-insecticide Lepidotsid-BTU (10.0 l/ha) at the beginning of pod formation does not reduce the productivity of the soybean varieties under study considerably, when compared to the application of chemical preparations. The research determines that the soybean protection system under study ensures a decrease in the coefficient of soybean water uptake by 7.2-13.0 %, increasing the total water intake to an inconsiderable degree. Biologization of the soybean crop protection system leads to a reduction in production costs compared to the chemical protection system. Taking into account the needs for the collection of additional products, costs increase by an average of 1 thousand UAH/ha, while for chemical protection systems by 1.8 thousand UAH/ha. At the same time, the cost is reduced by 220-360 UAH/t and the profitability of growing crops is increased by 3.8-7.8 %. There has been a reduction in the burden of pesticides on the environment and the production of cleaner products. This indicates the prospect of using the biofungicides Pseudobacterin 2 and Bactophyte and the bioinsecticide Lepidocid-BTU on soybeans to protect plants from pests.

Implication of Medical Treatment for Surgical Strategies in IBD

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1363-1368
Author(s):  
Krisztina B. Gecse ◽  
Christianne J. Buskens
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Timing Of Surgery ◽  
Multidisciplinary Management ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Surgical Strategies ◽  
Immunosuppressive Medications ◽  
Medical Paradigm ◽  
The Impact

Despite changing medical paradigm, still a significant proportion of patients with IBD require surgery. The patient's general condition, including nutritional status and the use of immunosuppressive medications is of great importance with regard to surgical complications, as well as the choice of optimal surgical strategy. The indication and the timing of surgery are key factors for the multidisciplinary management of IBD patients. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview on the impact of medical treatment on surgical strategies in IBD.

Examining Organizational, Cultural, and Individual-Level Factors Related to Workplace Safety and Health Awareness and Risks: A Systematic Review and Metric Analysis (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund W. J. Lee ◽  
Han Zheng ◽  
Htet Htet Aung ◽  
Megha Rani Aroor ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Citation Count ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Health Awareness ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Metric Analysis ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Promoting safety and health awareness and mitigating risks are of paramount importance to companies in high-risk industries. Yet, there are very few studies that have synthesized findings from existing online workplace safety and health literature to identify what are the key factors that are related to (a) safety awareness, (b) safety risks, (c) health awareness, and (d) health risks. OBJECTIVE As one of the first systematic reviews in the area of workplace health and safety, this study aims to identify the factors related to safety and health awareness as well as risks, and systematically map these factors within three levels: organizational, cultural, and individual level. Also, this review aims to assess the impact of these workplace safety and health publications in both academic (e.g., academic databases, Mendeley, and PlumX) and non-academic settings (e.g., social media platform). METHODS The systematic review was conducted in line with procedures recommended by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). First, Proquest, ScienceDirect and Scopus were identified as suitable databases for the systematic review. Second, after inputting search queries related to safety and health awareness and risks, the articles were evaluated based on a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Third, the factors identified in the included articles were coded systematically. Fourth, the research team assessed the impact of the articles through a combination of traditional and new metric analysis methods: citation count, Altmetric Attention Score, Mendeley readers count, usage count, and capture count. RESULTS Out of a total of 4,831 articles retrieved from the three databases, 51 articles were included in the final sample and were systematically coded. The results revealed six categories of organizational (management commitment, management support, organizational safety communication, safety management systems, physical work environment, and organizational environment), two cultural (interpersonal support and organizational culture), and four individual (perception, motivation, attitude and behavior) level factors that relate to safety and health awareness and risk. In terms of impact, the relationship between citation count and the various metrics measuring academic activity (e.g., Mendeley readers, usage count, and capture count) were mostly significant while the relationship between citation count and Altmetric Attention Score was non-significant. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a macro view of the current state of workplace safety and health research and gives scholars an indication on some of the key factors of safety and health awareness and risks. Researchers should also be cognizant that while their work may receive attention from the scholarly community, it is important to tailor their communication messages for the respective industries they are studying to maximize the receptivity and impact of their findings. CLINICALTRIAL N.A.

Poland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Pollack ◽  
Gergely Rosta
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Pope John Paul Ii ◽  
National Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Socialist ◽  
The Church

The chapter on Poland focuses on two questions. Why, in contrast to all other state-socialist countries, did the church’s capacity for integration actually increase rather than decrease despite persecution and discrimination during the communist period? And why has this capacity also remained more or less constant (albeit to a lesser extent) in the period since the end of communist rule? The authors have identified four key factors in the remarkable resistance of the Polish Catholic Church during the period of communist persecution: the fusion of religious and national values, the specific conflict dynamics of the church’s struggle with the state, the structural conservatism of agricultural production in Poland, and the actions of Pope John Paul II. Explanations for the surprising stability of religiosity in Poland after 1990 point to the behaviour of the Church itself, to the internal pluralization of Catholicism, and to the impact of a homogeneous religious culture.

scholarly journals Graphene-based 3D XNOR-VRRAM with ternary precision for neuromorphic computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Batyrbek Alimkhanuly ◽  
Joon Sohn ◽  
Ik-Joon Chang ◽  
Seunghyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Device Design ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Neuromorphic Computing ◽  
Device Scaling ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRecent studies on neural network quantization have demonstrated a beneficial compromise between accuracy, computation rate, and architecture size. Implementing a 3D Vertical RRAM (VRRAM) array accompanied by device scaling may further improve such networks’ density and energy consumption. Individual device design, optimized interconnects, and careful material selection are key factors determining the overall computation performance. In this work, the impact of replacing conventional devices with microfabricated, graphene-based VRRAM is investigated for circuit and algorithmic levels. By exploiting a sub-nm thin 2D material, the VRRAM array demonstrates an improved read/write margins and read inaccuracy level for the weighted-sum procedure. Moreover, energy consumption is significantly reduced in array programming operations. Finally, an XNOR logic-inspired architecture designed to integrate 1-bit ternary precision synaptic weights into graphene-based VRRAM is introduced. Simulations on VRRAM with metal and graphene word-planes demonstrate 83.5 and 94.1% recognition accuracy, respectively, denoting the importance of material innovation in neuromorphic computing.

scholarly journals Effective Demand Forecasting in Health Supply Chains: Emerging Trend, Enablers, and Blockers

Logistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Lakshmy Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Weakest Link ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Health Commodities ◽  
The Impact

Health supply chains aim to improve access to healthcare, and this can be attained only when health commodities appropriate to the health needs of the global population are developed, manufactured, and made available when and where needed. The weak links in the health supply chains are hindering the access of essential healthcare resulting in inefficient use of scarce resources and loss of lives. A chain is only as strong as its weakest link, and demand forecasting is one of the weakest links of health supply chains. Also, many of the existing bottlenecks in supply chains and health systems impede the accurate forecasting of demand, and without the ability to forecast demand with certainty, the stakeholders cannot plan and make commitments for the future. Forecasts are an important feeder for budgeting and logistics planning. Under this backdrop, the study examines how improved forecasting can lead to better short-term and long-term access to health commodities and outlines market-related risks. It explores further how incentives are misaligned creating an uneven distribution of risks, leading to the inability to match demand and supply. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was performed, analyzing 71 articles from a descriptive and content approach. Findings indicate the emerging trends in global health and the consequences of inaccurate demand forecasting for health supply chains. The content analysis identifies key factors that can pose a varying degree of risks for the health supply chain stakeholders. The study highlights how the key factors emerge as enablers and blockers, depending on the impact on the overall health supply chains. The study also provides recommendations for actions for reducing these risks. Consequently, limitations of this work are presented, and opportunities are identified for future lines of research. Finally, the conclusion confirms that by adopting a combination of approaches, stakeholders can ensure better information sharing, identify avenues of diversifying risks, and understand the implications.

scholarly journals The ground-level ozone concentration is inversely correlated with the number of COVID-19 cases in Warsaw, Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Wiśniewski ◽  
Wiesław Kozak ◽  
Maciej Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19, which is a consequence of infection with the novel viral agent SARS-CoV-2, first identified in China (Hubei Province), has been declared a pandemic by the WHO. As of September 10, 2020, over 70,000 cases and over 2000 deaths have been recorded in Poland. Of the many factors contributing to the level of transmission of the virus, the weather appears to be significant. In this work, we analyze the impact of weather factors such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and ground-level ozone concentration on the number of COVID-19 cases in Warsaw, Poland. The obtained results show an inverse correlation between ground-level ozone concentration and the daily number of COVID-19 cases.

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