scholarly journals Salinity tolerance and Na+ exclusion in wheat: variability, genetics, mapping populations and QTL analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S85-S93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shavrukov ◽  
N. Shamaya ◽  
M. Baho ◽  
J. Edwards ◽  
C. Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Triticum Dicoccoides ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Tolerance Gene ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity ◽  
Mapping Populations

A wide range of variability in both Na<sup>+</sup> exclusion and salinity tolerance was shown in Triticum dicoccoides and the best performing genotype, from Getit, was identified for further study and for crossing. In bread wheat, plants BC<sub>6</sub>F<sub>1</sub> from the cross Chinese Spring/line SQ1 showed less variability, but the line 1868 was identified as a potential source of tissue tolerance to salinity. Two Afghani durum landraces were identified among 179 screened, with approximately 50% lower Na<sup>+</sup> accumulation in shoots. Genetic analysis of F<sub>2</sub> progenies between landraces and durum wheat showed clear segregation indicating on the single, major salinity tolerance gene in the landraces. Further genetic and molecular analysis of the candidate gene and its localization is in the progress. QTL analysis of two non-pedigree related mapping populations of bread wheat, Cranbrook &times;&nbsp;Halberd and Excalibur &times; Kukri, showed one QTL in each population on the same region of chromosome 7AS, independent of year or growing conditions (both supported hydroponics and field trials), and a novel gene is expected to be associated with this QTL.

scholarly journals On-field phenotypic evaluation of sunflower populations for broad-spectrum resistance to Verticillium leaf mottle and wilt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. Montecchia ◽  
Mónica I. Fass ◽  
Ignacio Cerrudo ◽  
Facundo J. Quiroz ◽  
Salvador Nicosia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Mapping Populations

AbstractSunflower Verticillium Wilt and Leaf Mottle (SVW), caused by Verticillium dahliae (Kleb.; Vd), is a soil-borne disease affecting sunflower worldwide. A single dominant locus, known as V1, was formerly effective in controlling North-American Vd races, whereas races from Argentina, Europe and an emerging race from USA overcome its resistance. This emphasizes the need for identifying broad-spectrum genetic resistance (BSR) sources. Here we characterize two sunflower mapping populations (MPs) for SVW resistance: a biparental MP and the association MP from the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), under field growing conditions. Nine field-trials (FTs) were conducted in highly infested fields in the most SVW-affected region of Argentina. Several disease descriptors (DDs), including incidence and severity, were scored across four phenological stages. Generalized linear models were fitted according to the nature of each variable, adjusting mean phenotypes for inbred lines across and within FTs. Comparison of these responses allowed the identification of novel BSR sources. Furthermore, we present the first report of SVW resistance heritability, with estimates ranging from 35 to 45% for DDs related to disease incidence and severity, respectively. This study constitutes the largest SVW resistance characterization reported to date in sunflower, identifying valuable genetic resources for BSR-breeding to cope with a pathogen of increasing importance worldwide.

scholarly journals On-field Phenotypic Evaluation of Sunflower Germplasm: Breeding for Broad-spectrum Resistance to Verticillium Leaf Mottle and Wilt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Montecchia ◽  
Mónica Fass ◽  
Ignacio Cerrudo ◽  
Facundo Quiroz ◽  
Salvador Nicosia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Mapping Populations

Abstract Sunflower Verticillium Wilt and Leaf Mottle (SVW), caused by Verticillium dahliae (Kleb.; Vd), is a soil-borne disease affecting sunflower worldwide. A single dominant locus, known as V1, was formerly effective in controlling North-American Vd races, whereas races from Argentina, Europe and an emerging race from USA overcome its resistance. This emphasizes the need for identifying broad-spectrum genetic resistance (BSR) sources. Here we characterize two sunflower Mapping Populations (MPs) for SVW resistance: a biparental MP and the association MP from the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), under field growing conditions. Nine field-trials (FTs) were conducted in highly infested fields in the most SVW-affected region of Argentina. Several disease descriptors (DDs), including incidence and severity, were scored across four phenological stages. Generalized linear models were fitted according to the nature of each variable, adjusting mean phenotypes for inbred lines (IL) across and within FTs. Comparison of these responses allowed the identification of novel BSR sources. Furthermore, we present the first report of SVW resistance heritability, with estimates ranging from 35% to 45% for DDs related to disease incidence and severity, respectively. This study constitutes the largest SVW resistance characterization reported to date in sunflower, identifying valuable genetic resources for BSR-breeding to cope with a pathogen of increasing importance worldwide.

The analysis of quantitative traits in wheat mapping populations

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Eckermann ◽  
A. P. Verbyla ◽  
B. R. Cullis ◽  
R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
Maturity Class ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Standard Situation ◽  
Mapping Populations

This paper discusses the analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using molecular markers from a doubled haploid wheat mapping population arising from the Cranbrook Halberd cross. Two field trials are used to provide phenotypic information on the trait of interest, which is grain percentage protein. Methods for QTL analysis are reviewed together with methods for the analysis of field trials. The aim of the paper is to examine different approaches for QTL analysis, namely the conventional approach available in standard software, which ignores field variation, a 2-stage approach that provides adjusted phenotypic effects for a subsequent QTL analysis, and a joint marker and spatial analysis. The major effect, however, is the maturity class of the doubled haploid lines. Maturity and percent protein appear highly correlated genetically so QTL analysis shows marked changes if maturity is included as a covariate. More subtle changes occur due to field variation but this may not be the standard situation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Different Environmental Conditions during Vegetative Propagation on Growth, Survival, and Biochemical Characteristics in Populus Hybrids in Clonal Field Trial

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 892
Author(s):  
Valda Gudynaitė-Franckevičienė ◽  
Alfas Pliūra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Growing Conditions

To have a cleaner environment, good well-being, and improve the health of citizens it is necessary to expand green urban and suburban areas using productive and adapted material of tree species. The quality of urban greenery, resistance to negative climate change factors and pollution, as well as efficiency of short-rotation forestry in suburban areas, depends primarily on the selection of hybrids and clones, suitable for the local environmental conditions. We postulate that ecogenetic response, phenotypic plasticity, and genotypic variation of hybrid poplars (Populus L.) grown in plantations are affected not only by the peculiarities of hybrids and clones, but also by environmental conditions of their vegetative propagation. The aim of the present study was to estimate growth and biochemical responses, the phenotypic plasticity, genotypic variation of adaptive traits, and genetically regulated adaptability of Populus hybrids in field trials which may be predisposed by the simulated contrasting temperature conditions at their vegetative propagation phase. The research was performed with the 20 cultivars and experimental clones of one intraspecific cross and four different interspecific hybrids of poplars propagated under six contrasting temperature regimes in phytotron. The results suggest that certain environmental conditions during vegetative propagation not only have a short-term effect on tree viability and growth, but also can help to adapt to climate change conditions and grow successfully in the long-term. It was found that tree growth and biochemical traits (the chlorophyll A and B, pigments content and the chlorophyll A/B ratio) of hybrid poplar clones grown in field trials, as well as their traits’ genetic parameters, were affected by the rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation phase. Hybrids P. balsamifera × P. trichocarpa, and P. trichocarpa × P. trichocarpa have shown the most substantial changes of biochemical traits across vegetative propagation treatments in field trial. Rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation had also an impact on coefficients of genotypic variation and heritability in hybrid poplar clones when grown in field trials.

Grain mineral density of bread and durum wheat landraces from geochemically diverse native soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Francisco Vázquez ◽  
Efraín Antonio Chacón ◽  
José María Carrillo ◽  
Elena Benavente
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Wheat Landraces

Future progress on the creation of wheat cultivars with high grain zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) mineral density will depend on both the availability of suitable donor germplasm and the identification of genes or quantitative trait loci contributing to increase the accumulation of mineral elements in the wheat kernels. Multi-environment field trials were conducted to evaluate the grain Zn, Fe and protein concentration of 32 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 20 durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum) landraces locally adapted to soils covering a wide range of pH values and mineral composition. These landraces were selected after a preliminary, small-scale field trial that had analysed 425 Spanish local varieties. Analyses of variance demonstrated a significant effect of genotype on grain composition, and 16 wheat landraces with elevated grain Zn and/or Fe density across the environments were identified. These landraces rich in grain minerals represent valuable primary gene-pool parents for wheat biofortification. No pattern of native soil geochemical characteristics that could help to predict the success in collecting mineral-dense genotypes in a given area was found. Mapping populations derived from some pairs of grain-mineral-rich and -poor genotypes characterised in the study may facilitate the development of molecular markers to assist the selection of superior wheat genotypes.

scholarly journals In-field screening for host plant resistance to Delia radicum and Brevicoryne brassicae within selected rapeseed cultivars and new interspecific hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 711-720
Author(s):  
Janetta Niemann ◽  
Justyna Szwarc ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Dorota Weigt ◽  
Marek Mrówczyński
Keyword(s):  
Life Sciences ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Cabbage Aphid ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Resistance To Insects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

AbstractRapeseed (Brassica napus) can be attacked by a wide range of pests, for example, cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae). One of the best methods of pest management is breeding for insect resistance in rapeseed. Wild genotypes of Brassicaceae and rapeseed cultivars can be used as a source of resistance. In 2017, 2018, and 2019, field trials were performed to assess the level of resistance to D. radicum and B. brassicae within 53 registered rapeseed cultivars and 31 interspecific hybrid combinations originating from the resources of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Poznań University of Life Sciences (PULS). The level of resistance varied among genotypes and years. Only one hybrid combination and two B. napus cultivars maintained high level of resistance in all tested years, i.e., B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. carinata – PI 649096, Galileus, and Markolo. The results of this research indicate that resistance to insects is present in Brassicaceae family and can be transferred to rapeseed cultivars. The importance of continuous improvement of rapeseed pest resistance and the search for new sources of resistance is discussed; furthermore, plans for future investigations are presented.

Field Screening of Salinity Tolerance in Iranian Bread Wheat Lines

Crop Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1489-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaye Sardouie-Nasab ◽  
Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad ◽  
Babak Nakhoda
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals Culinary and Medicinal Mushrooms: Insight into Growing Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Zięba ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja ◽  
Bożena Muszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Natural Medicines ◽  
Modern Technologies

Humans have used mushrooms from the beginning of their history. However, during the last few decades, the market demand for these fruiting bodies has increased significantly owing to the spread in the capabilities of culinary and pharmacological exploitation. Natural mushroom resources have become insufficient to meet the support needs. Therefore, traditional methods of extensive cultivation as well as modern technologies have been exploited to develop effective growing recommendations for dozens of economically important mushroom species. Mushrooms can decompose a wide range of organic materials, including organic waste. They play a fundamental role in nutrient cycling and exchange in the environment. The challenge is a proper substrate composition, including bio-fortified essential elements, and the application of growing conditions to enable a continuous supply of fruiting bodies of market quality and stabilized chemical composition. Many mushroom species are used for food preparation. Moreover, they are treated as functional foods, because they have health benefits beyond their nutritional value, and are used as natural medicines in many countries. Owing to the rapid development of mushroom farming, we reviewed the growing technologies used worldwide for mushroom species developed for food, processing, and pharmacological industries.

scholarly journals Phenotypic diversity of bread wheat lines with introgressions from the diploid cereal Aegilops speltoides for technological properties of grain and f lour

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 738-746
Author(s):  
L. V. Shchukina ◽  
I. F. Lapochkina ◽  
T. A. Pshenichnikova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Spring Variety ◽  
Growing Conditions

The creation of varieties adapted to changing environmental conditions, resistant to various pathogens, and satisfying various grain purposes is impossible without using the genetic diversity of wheat. One of the ways to expand the genetic diversity of wheat is to introduce new variants of genes from the genetic pool of congeners and wild relatives into the genotypes of existing varieties. In this study, we used 10 lines from the Arsenal collection created on the genetic basis of the spring variety ‘Rodina’ and the diploid species Aegilops speltoides in the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka” in 1994. The lines were previously characterized for the presence of translocations and chromosomal rearrangements cytologically and using molecular markers. Technological analyses were performed on grain obtained in Western Siberia and Moscow region. The aim of this study was to establish the possibilities of expanding the phenotypic diversity for technological properties of grain and flour as a result of such hybridization of bread wheat and the diploid cereal Aegilops speltoides. The variety ‘Rodina’ forms a vitreous grain with a high gluten content in Siberia, but has low physical properties of flour and dough. Five derived lines were found to have significantly higher protein and gluten content in grain. The highest values under both growing conditions were found in lines 73/00i, 82/00i, and 84/00i. Two lines (69/00i and 76/00i) showed a high flour strength and dough elasticity, characterizing the lines as strong and valuable in quality. These lines can be used for baking bread. Line 82/00i inherited from Ae. speltoides a soft-grain endosperm, which indicates the introgression of the Ha-Sp gene, homoeoallelic to the Ha gene of bread wheat, into ‘Rodina’. Flour of this line is suitable for the manufacture of confectionery without the use of technological additives. The lines generally retained their characteristics in different growing conditions. They can be attracted as donors of new alleles of genes that determine the technological properties of grain and resistance to biotic stresses.

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