scholarly journals On-field phenotypic evaluation of sunflower populations for broad-spectrum resistance to Verticillium leaf mottle and wilt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. Montecchia ◽  
Mónica I. Fass ◽  
Ignacio Cerrudo ◽  
Facundo J. Quiroz ◽  
Salvador Nicosia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Mapping Populations

AbstractSunflower Verticillium Wilt and Leaf Mottle (SVW), caused by Verticillium dahliae (Kleb.; Vd), is a soil-borne disease affecting sunflower worldwide. A single dominant locus, known as V1, was formerly effective in controlling North-American Vd races, whereas races from Argentina, Europe and an emerging race from USA overcome its resistance. This emphasizes the need for identifying broad-spectrum genetic resistance (BSR) sources. Here we characterize two sunflower mapping populations (MPs) for SVW resistance: a biparental MP and the association MP from the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), under field growing conditions. Nine field-trials (FTs) were conducted in highly infested fields in the most SVW-affected region of Argentina. Several disease descriptors (DDs), including incidence and severity, were scored across four phenological stages. Generalized linear models were fitted according to the nature of each variable, adjusting mean phenotypes for inbred lines across and within FTs. Comparison of these responses allowed the identification of novel BSR sources. Furthermore, we present the first report of SVW resistance heritability, with estimates ranging from 35 to 45% for DDs related to disease incidence and severity, respectively. This study constitutes the largest SVW resistance characterization reported to date in sunflower, identifying valuable genetic resources for BSR-breeding to cope with a pathogen of increasing importance worldwide.

scholarly journals On-field Phenotypic Evaluation of Sunflower Germplasm: Breeding for Broad-spectrum Resistance to Verticillium Leaf Mottle and Wilt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Montecchia ◽  
Mónica Fass ◽  
Ignacio Cerrudo ◽  
Facundo Quiroz ◽  
Salvador Nicosia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Mapping Populations

Abstract Sunflower Verticillium Wilt and Leaf Mottle (SVW), caused by Verticillium dahliae (Kleb.; Vd), is a soil-borne disease affecting sunflower worldwide. A single dominant locus, known as V1, was formerly effective in controlling North-American Vd races, whereas races from Argentina, Europe and an emerging race from USA overcome its resistance. This emphasizes the need for identifying broad-spectrum genetic resistance (BSR) sources. Here we characterize two sunflower Mapping Populations (MPs) for SVW resistance: a biparental MP and the association MP from the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), under field growing conditions. Nine field-trials (FTs) were conducted in highly infested fields in the most SVW-affected region of Argentina. Several disease descriptors (DDs), including incidence and severity, were scored across four phenological stages. Generalized linear models were fitted according to the nature of each variable, adjusting mean phenotypes for inbred lines (IL) across and within FTs. Comparison of these responses allowed the identification of novel BSR sources. Furthermore, we present the first report of SVW resistance heritability, with estimates ranging from 35% to 45% for DDs related to disease incidence and severity, respectively. This study constitutes the largest SVW resistance characterization reported to date in sunflower, identifying valuable genetic resources for BSR-breeding to cope with a pathogen of increasing importance worldwide.

scholarly journals Comparison of Frequentist and Bayesian Meta-Analysis Models for Assessing the Efficacy of Decision Support Systems in Reducing Fungal Disease Incidence

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Elena Lázaro ◽  
David Makowski ◽  
Joaquín Martínez-Minaya ◽  
Antonio Vicent
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Field Trials

Diseases of fruit and foliage caused by fungi and oomycetes are generally controlled by the application of fungicides. The use of decision support systems (DSSs) may assist to optimize fungicide programs to enhance application on the basis of risk associated with disease outbreak. Case-by-case evaluations demonstrated the performance of DSSs for disease control, but an overall assessment of the efficacy of DSSs is lacking. A literature review was conducted to synthesize the results of 67 experiments assessing DSSs. Disease incidence data were obtained from published peer-reviewed field trials comparing untreated controls, calendar-based and DSS-based fungicide programs. Two meta-analysis generic models, a “fixed-effects” vs. a “random-effects” model within the framework of generalized linear models were evaluated to assess the efficacy of DSSs in reducing incidence. All models were fit using both frequentist and Bayesian estimation procedures and the results compared. Model including random effects showed better performance in terms of AIC or DIC and goodness of fit. In general, the frequentist and Bayesian approaches produced similar results. Odds ratio and incidence ratio values showed that calendar-based and DSS-based fungicide programs considerably reduced disease incidence compared to the untreated control. Moreover, calendar-based and DSS-based programs provided similar reductions in disease incidence, further supporting the efficacy of DSSs.

scholarly journals Salinity tolerance and Na+ exclusion in wheat: variability, genetics, mapping populations and QTL analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S85-S93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shavrukov ◽  
N. Shamaya ◽  
M. Baho ◽  
J. Edwards ◽  
C. Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Triticum Dicoccoides ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Tolerance Gene ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity ◽  
Mapping Populations

A wide range of variability in both Na<sup>+</sup> exclusion and salinity tolerance was shown in Triticum dicoccoides and the best performing genotype, from Getit, was identified for further study and for crossing. In bread wheat, plants BC<sub>6</sub>F<sub>1</sub> from the cross Chinese Spring/line SQ1 showed less variability, but the line 1868 was identified as a potential source of tissue tolerance to salinity. Two Afghani durum landraces were identified among 179 screened, with approximately 50% lower Na<sup>+</sup> accumulation in shoots. Genetic analysis of F<sub>2</sub> progenies between landraces and durum wheat showed clear segregation indicating on the single, major salinity tolerance gene in the landraces. Further genetic and molecular analysis of the candidate gene and its localization is in the progress. QTL analysis of two non-pedigree related mapping populations of bread wheat, Cranbrook &times;&nbsp;Halberd and Excalibur &times; Kukri, showed one QTL in each population on the same region of chromosome 7AS, independent of year or growing conditions (both supported hydroponics and field trials), and a novel gene is expected to be associated with this QTL.

scholarly journals Alpha-subunit of the Chloroplast ATP Synthase of Tomato Reinforces the Resistance to Grey Mold and Broad-spectrum Resistance in Transgenic Tobacco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Gong ◽  
Mozhen Cheng ◽  
Jingfu Li ◽  
Hongyu Chen ◽  
Zhenzhu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Alpha Subunit ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Chloroplast Atp Synthase ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Atpa Gene

Chloroplast ATP synthase (cpATPase) is responsible for ATP production during photosynthesis. Our previous studies showed the cpATPase CF1 alpha subunit (AtpA) is a key protein involved in Clonostachys rosea (C. rosea)-induced resistance to the fungus Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) in tomato. Here, we show the expression level of tomato’s cpATPase CF1 alpha subunit gene (atpA) was up-regulated by B. cinerea and C. rosea. The tomato atpA gene was then isolated, and transgenic tobacco lines were obtained. Compared with untransformed plants, the atpA-overexpressing tobacco showed an increased resistance to B. cinerea, characterized by reduced disease incidence, defense-associated hypersensitive response (HR)-like reactions, balanced reactive oxygen species, alleviated damage to chloroplast ultra-structure of leaf cell, elevated levels of ATP content and cpATPase activity, enhanced expression of carbon metabolism-, photosynthesis-, and defense-related genes. Incremental Ca2+ efflux and steady H+ efflux were observed in transgenic tobacco after their inoculation with B. cinerea. Additionally, overexpression of atpA gene conferred enhanced tolerance to salinity and resistance to the fungus Cladosporium fulvum. Thus, the α subunit of cpATPase is a key regulator that links signaling to cellular redox homeostasis, ATP biosynthesis, and gene expression of resistance traits to modulate immunity to pathogen infection, in the process providing broad-spectrum resistance in plants.

scholarly journals RNAi‐mediated stable silencing of TaCSN5 confers broad‐spectrum resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxuan Bai ◽  
Xueling Huang ◽  
Shuxin Tian ◽  
Huan Peng ◽  
Gangming Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance

scholarly journals The Impact of Different Environmental Conditions during Vegetative Propagation on Growth, Survival, and Biochemical Characteristics in Populus Hybrids in Clonal Field Trial

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 892
Author(s):  
Valda Gudynaitė-Franckevičienė ◽  
Alfas Pliūra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Growing Conditions

To have a cleaner environment, good well-being, and improve the health of citizens it is necessary to expand green urban and suburban areas using productive and adapted material of tree species. The quality of urban greenery, resistance to negative climate change factors and pollution, as well as efficiency of short-rotation forestry in suburban areas, depends primarily on the selection of hybrids and clones, suitable for the local environmental conditions. We postulate that ecogenetic response, phenotypic plasticity, and genotypic variation of hybrid poplars (Populus L.) grown in plantations are affected not only by the peculiarities of hybrids and clones, but also by environmental conditions of their vegetative propagation. The aim of the present study was to estimate growth and biochemical responses, the phenotypic plasticity, genotypic variation of adaptive traits, and genetically regulated adaptability of Populus hybrids in field trials which may be predisposed by the simulated contrasting temperature conditions at their vegetative propagation phase. The research was performed with the 20 cultivars and experimental clones of one intraspecific cross and four different interspecific hybrids of poplars propagated under six contrasting temperature regimes in phytotron. The results suggest that certain environmental conditions during vegetative propagation not only have a short-term effect on tree viability and growth, but also can help to adapt to climate change conditions and grow successfully in the long-term. It was found that tree growth and biochemical traits (the chlorophyll A and B, pigments content and the chlorophyll A/B ratio) of hybrid poplar clones grown in field trials, as well as their traits’ genetic parameters, were affected by the rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation phase. Hybrids P. balsamifera × P. trichocarpa, and P. trichocarpa × P. trichocarpa have shown the most substantial changes of biochemical traits across vegetative propagation treatments in field trial. Rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation had also an impact on coefficients of genotypic variation and heritability in hybrid poplar clones when grown in field trials.

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