scholarly journals New Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii isolates: collection, identification and screening of efficiency in symbiosis with clover

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Šimon
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Variability Level

Suitable clover stands (field and meadow) were chosen to isolate new R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains. Together 49 strains were isolated, labelled and maintained. Ten primers were used for identification and amplification products were detected by agarose electrophoresis. Amplification products of individual primers did not make possible to distinguish all isolates; a combination of at least two primers was necessary. No differences in genetic variability level between field and meadow isolates were found. Hydroponic perlite experiments were used for the screening of rhizobial isolates and the tetraploid red clover variety Amos was used as a host plant. Shoots were weighed and the root volume was determined at the onset of anthesis. Total nitrogenase activity (TNA) of the symbiotic system was measured and the root dry weight was determined. High differences among individual isolates were found in all the characteristics. Statistically significant were differences among individual isolates for TNA, growth characteristics did not differ significantly. Strong positive relationships between fresh forage, dry forage, root volume and root dry weight were determined (r = 0.69–0.98; p > 0.05). Nine isolates were selected as effective, based on the mean values of all isolates screened. Selected isolates achieved the above average values in most measured characteristics. Out of the nine isolates, two were isolated from root nodules of clover cultivated in field stands, seven strains were isolated from clover grown in natural meadows. Additional study of isolates in soil condition will follow.

Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
C.J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

scholarly journals Mineral Composition of Red Clover under Rhizobium Inoculation and Lime Application in Acid Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera STAJKOVIC-SRBINOVIC ◽  
Dušica DELIC ◽  
Nataša RASULIC ◽  
Dragan CAKMAK ◽  
Djordje KUZMANOVIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Lime Application

In the present study the effects of Rhizobium inoculation and lime application on the mineral composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B) of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), in very acid soil were evaluated. Inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii significantly increased shoot dry weight (SDW) of red clover plants (three times greater), as well as N, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu contents in plants compared to the control. Application of lime and Rhizobium together, depending on the lime rate (3, 6 or 9 t ha-1 of lime) and the cut, increased SDW significantly, but decreased the contents of N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn and B in plants. Regardless of the changes, in all treatments in both cuts, contents of N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn in plants were among sufficiency levels (Mg content was elevated in the second cut), while Fe content was mainly high, as well as Cu (in the second cut). Contents of P and B in plants were somewhat lower than sufficiency levels, but above critical level. Therefore, red clover can be grown with satisfactory yield and mineral composition in acid soil with Rhizobium inoculation only, but the application of P and B fertilization is desirable.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Semai Sengon (Paraserianthes Falcataria (L.) Nielsen) Pada Media Tanah Bekas Tambang Kapur Dengan Penambahan Pupuk Kompos Dan NPK

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Basuki Wasis ◽  
Siti Halimatus Sa'idah
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Limestone mining activities are damaging soil and enviroment. Revegetation becomes an obligation on every mining sites. Paraserianthes falcataria is one of many species that suitable to be planted in revegetation site. Adding compost and NPK fertilizer can improve soil’s condition. This research objective is to analyze the effect of compost and NPK fertilizer on Paraserianthes falcataria seedlings growth and the exact appropriate dosage for limestone mining’s soil condition improvement. The design used in this research is completely randomized design with two factors. The result shows that addtion of compost on tailing media doesn’t give major effect or statistically not significant on seedling growth of height, diameter, the amount of root nodules, and shoot-root ratio, but statistically significant on wet and dry weight of the seedlings. NPK fertilizer addition on tailing media is statistically significant on the seedling growth of diameter, wet weight, and shoot-root ratio, but not significant different on height, dry weight, and the amount of root nodules. Interaction between compost and NPK fertilizer on media gives effect only at 95% of confidence level. K1N5 sample (with 100 gram composts and 5 gram of NPK fertilizer) gives the best respond on seedling’s growth. Very high levels of Ca in the soil medium will be toxic to the Paraserianthes Falcataria plant.Keywords: Compost, limestone mining, NPK fertilizer, Paraserianthes falcataria

scholarly journals Study of Coefficient of Variation, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Different Traits of Rice Genotypes Grown under Aerobic Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-430
Author(s):  
Susmita Dey ◽  
◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
K. R. Battan ◽  
A. K. Chhabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biological Yield

The field experiments with thirty genotypes were conducted during June to October month of kharif, 2018 and kharif, 2019, to assess extent of variability under aerobic condition. The genotypes were sown under dry direct seeded condition using randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Each genotype was sown in single row of 5 m length with spacing of 20 cm between rows and 15 cm between plants. Data recorded for 22 characters including different morphological and quality traits from 5 randomly selected plants of each replication and mean data used for analysis. ANOVA revealed that the mean sum of squares were highly significant difference for most of the traits. The value of PCV was higher than GCV for all the twenty-two characters. However, maximum GCV and PCV were observed for root dry weight plant-1 (31.44% and 32.17%) followed grain yield plant-1 (29.97% and 31.03%), root volume (28.62% and 29.20%), root fresh weight plant-1 (28.51% and 29.08%), biological yield plant-1 (21.86% 22.50%) and number of grains panicle-1 (20.55% and 21.37%). Rest of the traits showed moderate and low GCV and PCV. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for the traits viz., leaf length, number of tillers plant-1, number of grains panicle-1, 1000 seed weight, root length, root volume, root fresh weight plant-1, root dry weight plant-1, kernel length-breadth ratio, grain yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and harvest index. The information regarding different variability will provide direction to select high yielding genotypes under aerobic condition.

Relationship between Activities of Enzymes for the Removal of O2·- and H2O2 and Nitrogenase in Root Nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 543-551
Author(s):  
Bernhard Epping ◽  
Alexander P. Hansen ◽  
Peter Martin
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Abstract Nodules of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli in symbiosis with Phaseolus vulgaris were compared with regard to their nitrogenase activity and activities of enzymes involved in the removal of O2·- and H2O2 as well as total ascorbate content. Activities of catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), and total ascorbate content were consist­ently higher in nodules inhabited by bacterial strains with higher nitrogenase activity. Values for superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.11), and guaiacol peroxidase activity did not differ for the bacterial strains compared. On the other hand, when different plant cultivars were inoculated with the same bacterial strain, high nitrogenase activity did not correlate with a higher activ­ity of the oxygen scavenging enzyms or a higher content of total ascorbate. In this case, values for guaiacol peroxidase activity were greatly enhanced in nodules with lower nitrogen­ ase activity. This may be part of a hypersensitive reaction of the plant cultivar against the bacterial symbiotic partner. Inhibition of catalase activity in the nodules by addition of triazole to the nutrient solution did not alter nitrogenase activity within the first nine hours after addition. It can be concluded that the activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase is not generally coupled to nitrogenase activity in root nodules of P. vulgaris.

scholarly journals Respon Pertumbuhan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Varietas Dyxp Dumpy pada Kondisi Stres Air di Pembibitan Awal

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Wagino Wagino ◽  
Sri Murti Tarigan ◽  
Eka Bobby Febrianto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Base Diameter ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Wet Weight

<p>Global climate exchange especially rainfallspurs the growth of oil palm adapt to environmental conditions, so the development of oil palm plantations requires seeds that are able to adapt well in drought conditions.This study aims to determine whether water stress affects the growth of oil palm seedlings and sees the response of the level of resistance of oil palm seeds to drought stress.This research was carried out in the greenhouse garden experiment Medan STIPAP was conducted from January to June 2018. This study used Non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), which consisted of 3 levels, 3 samples and 3 replications. Parameters to be observed were plant height, stem base diameter, leaf number, root wet weight, root dry weight, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, root volume, root length, stomatal density and number of stomata.The results showed that the difference in giving A1 water (100%) was significantly different from A2 (60%) and A3 (20%) on the parameters of oil palm seedling growth especially for the parameters of plant height, root wet weight, root dry weight, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, root volume, and root length while the base diameter of the stem, number of leaves, stomatal density and number of stomata give no significant effect. Drought stress effected to reduce the growth of stem diameter.</p>

scholarly journals Vegetative Propagation of Mountain Fly Honeysuckle (Lonicera villosa) by Overhead Mist and Subirrigation

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-919
Author(s):  
Darren J. Hayes ◽  
Bryan J. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Root Formation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Propagation Medium

We assessed adventitious root formation on stem cuttings of mountain fly honeysuckle [Lonicera villosa (Michx.) Schult.] in separate experiments using overhead mist and subirrigation systems. The concentration of applied potassium salt of indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA) and the proportions of coarse perlite and milled peatmoss in the propagation medium were varied within both systems. Across treatments, 98% of cuttings in the overhead mist system and 85% of cuttings in the subirrigation system produced roots. In the overhead mist system, root volume, root dry weight, and number of root tips were greatest among cuttings treated with 4000 to 12,000 mg·L−1 K-IBA and stuck into 100% perlite. In the subirrigation system, root dry weight was not significantly affected by K-IBA concentration, but the greatest root volume and number of root tips were produced by cuttings treated with 8000 or 12,000 mg·L−1 K-IBA and stuck into 100% perlite. Despite the natural affinity of mountain fly honeysuckle for moist, organic soils, all of the 18 rooted cuttings we planted in a landscape trial survived and grew appreciably with minimal care over 2 years in a mineral field soil. We conclude that cuttings of mountain fly honeysuckle can be propagated readily by overhead mist or subirrigation, that root system quality is improved substantially by increasing K-IBA concentration and using coarse perlite without peatmoss, and that mountain fly honeysuckle can be grown in typical horticultural landscapes.

Effect of Rhizobium inoculation to nodulation and growth of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Germplasm

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakka Samudin ◽  
Heru Kuswantoro
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Inoculation Treatment

Nitrogen is an important macronutrient mineral that is needed in the largest amount by the plant and is the main limiting factor for plant development. Rhizobium is a group of bacteria capable of providing nutrients for soybean crops. When symbiotic with legume crops, this group of bacteria is able to infect plant roots and form root nodules. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Rhizobium on nodulation and growth of some soybean germplasm. The results showed no interaction between the inoculation treatment and the genotype. The significant effect of inoculation was shown by the number of nodules, nodule dry weight, root length, and root dry weight. Inoculation did not affect plant height and shoot dry weight. These traits were more influenced by genetic factors. In the condition without inoculation, the root length was higher but the root dry weight was lower. Plant height differed between the genotypes. KPT5 and KPT6 showed the highest plant height than any other genotypes. Both genotypes also had the highest shoot dry weight. The highest shoot dry weight was also achieved by KPT4.

scholarly journals Liming and biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Antônio dos Santos ◽  
Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho ◽  
Evandro Silva Pereira Costa ◽  
Caio Soares Diniz ◽  
Margarida Goréte Ferreira do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a disease that limits the cauliflower cultivation and is difficult to control. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of liming combined with the use of Trichoderma harzianum-based biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower. In a field experiment, the use of the biofungicide in combination with the application of calcined limestone doses (0 Mg ha-1, 1.0 Mg ha-1, 2.0 Mg ha-1 and 4.0 Mg ha-1) was evaluated. Subsequently, in a greenhouse, the biofungicide combined with liming with quicklime (2.54 Mg ha-1) was tested, and cyazofamid and water were tested as controls. The disease severity and attributes related to root and plant development were analyzed. In the field experiment, the healthy root volume and fresh weight, total root dry weight and inflorescence fresh weight and diameter were all significantly increased, while the diseased root volume, in response to the limestone doses, was reduced. The biofungicide reduced the root growth and inflorescence fresh weight. In the greenhouse, liming increased the healthy root volume and fresh weight, as well as total root dry weight, and reduced the disease severity. No significant difference was observed between the biofungicide and the control (water), which were inferior to cyazofamid. The biofungicide was not efficient in controlling the disease and did not favour the growth of cauliflower plants, either alone or combined with liming. Liming reduced the disease severity and increased the cauliflower root growth and yield.

Relative contributions to nitrogenase (acetylene reducing) activity of stem and root nodules in Sesbania rostrata

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Ladha ◽  
Minviluz Garcia ◽  
R. P. Pareek ◽  
G. Rarivoson
Keyword(s):  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acetylene Reduction Activity ◽  
Sesbania Rostrata ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Acetylene Reducing Activity ◽  
Aerial Stem

Six experiments, two each in the phytotron, greenhouse, and field, were conducted to assess the contribution of nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) by stem nodules in the presence and absence of root nodules of Sesbania rostrata (Brem & Oberm). In a greenhouse experiment, the effect of detaching already formed aerial stem nodules on the restoration of root nodules and nitrogenase activity was studied. The field experiment compared nodulation and acetylene-reduction activity by dual-nodulating S. rostrata and root-nodulating Sesbania cannabina. Acetylene-reduction activity expressed per gram of nodule dry weight was higher for stem nodules than for root nodules. Root nodule dry weight and acetylene-reduction activity failed to increase after stem inoculation, but root nodule dry weight and acetylene-reduction activity increased several fold within 15 days of detachment of aerial stem nodules. Stem nodulation, which occurred without inoculation under lowland field condition, suppressed root nodulation, thus accounting for more than 75% of total nitrogenase activity. Sesbania rostrata showed higher acetylene-reduction activity than S. cannabina. In dual-nodulating plants, root and stem nodules appeared to strike a balance in competition for energy, which may be controlled by stem nodulation. Key words: Sesbania rostrata, Azorhizobium caulinodans, stem nodule, root nodule, acetylene-reducing activity.

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