Liming and biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower1

ABSTRACT Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a disease that limits the cauliflower cultivation and is difficult to control. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of liming combined with the use of Trichoderma harzianum-based biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower. In a field experiment, the use of the biofungicide in combination with the application of calcined limestone doses (0 Mg ha-1, 1.0 Mg ha-1, 2.0 Mg ha-1 and 4.0 Mg ha-1) was evaluated. Subsequently, in a greenhouse, the biofungicide combined with liming with quicklime (2.54 Mg ha-1) was tested, and cyazofamid and water were tested as controls. The disease severity and attributes related to root and plant development were analyzed. In the field experiment, the healthy root volume and fresh weight, total root dry weight and inflorescence fresh weight and diameter were all significantly increased, while the diseased root volume, in response to the limestone doses, was reduced. The biofungicide reduced the root growth and inflorescence fresh weight. In the greenhouse, liming increased the healthy root volume and fresh weight, as well as total root dry weight, and reduced the disease severity. No significant difference was observed between the biofungicide and the control (water), which were inferior to cyazofamid. The biofungicide was not efficient in controlling the disease and did not favour the growth of cauliflower plants, either alone or combined with liming. Liming reduced the disease severity and increased the cauliflower root growth and yield.

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Study of Coefficient of Variation, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Different Traits of Rice Genotypes Grown under Aerobic Condition

International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management ◽

10.23910/1.2021.2290a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 426-430

Author(s):

Susmita Dey ◽

◽

Rakesh Kumar ◽

K. R. Battan ◽

A. K. Chhabra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Aerobic Condition ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Genetic Advance ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Root Volume ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Kernel Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Biological Yield

The field experiments with thirty genotypes were conducted during June to October month of kharif, 2018 and kharif, 2019, to assess extent of variability under aerobic condition. The genotypes were sown under dry direct seeded condition using randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Each genotype was sown in single row of 5 m length with spacing of 20 cm between rows and 15 cm between plants. Data recorded for 22 characters including different morphological and quality traits from 5 randomly selected plants of each replication and mean data used for analysis. ANOVA revealed that the mean sum of squares were highly significant difference for most of the traits. The value of PCV was higher than GCV for all the twenty-two characters. However, maximum GCV and PCV were observed for root dry weight plant-1 (31.44% and 32.17%) followed grain yield plant-1 (29.97% and 31.03%), root volume (28.62% and 29.20%), root fresh weight plant-1 (28.51% and 29.08%), biological yield plant-1 (21.86% 22.50%) and number of grains panicle-1 (20.55% and 21.37%). Rest of the traits showed moderate and low GCV and PCV. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for the traits viz., leaf length, number of tillers plant-1, number of grains panicle-1, 1000 seed weight, root length, root volume, root fresh weight plant-1, root dry weight plant-1, kernel length-breadth ratio, grain yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and harvest index. The information regarding different variability will provide direction to select high yielding genotypes under aerobic condition.

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The growth and activity of winter wheat roots in the field: the effect of sowing date and soil type on root growth of high-yielding crops

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960004332x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 59-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 143

Author(s):

P. B. Barraclough ◽

R. A. Leigh

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Root Growth ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Thermal Time ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Distribution Of Roots

SummaryThe effect of sowing date on root growth of high-yielding crops (8–1 It grain/ha, 85% D.M.) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Hustler) was measured at Rothamsted and Woburn in 1980 and 1981. Roots were sampled by coring on five occasions and changes in root dry weight and length were determined. The average growth rate between March and June was about 1 g/m2/day (200 m/m2/day), over 5 times that measured between December and March. Increases in root weight or length with time were generally exponential to anthesis when the crops had 101–172 g root/m2 (20–32 km/m2). September-sown wheat had more root than October-sown wheat at all times, but whereas early differences in length were maintained throughout the season, root weights converged between March and June. Overall, there was no significant difference in root dry-matter production between sites at anthesis, but there was a substantial difference between years. Differences in root growth between crops were reduced by plotting the amount of root against either the number of days from sowing or accumulated thermal time. Using che latter, root growth between December and June was reasonably linear although there was some indication of a lag below 500 °C days. Regression equations obtained for the relationships between root growth and accumulated thermal time also fitted previously published data and may provide general descriptions of root growth with time.Roots of September-sown crops reached 1 m depth by December but those of October-sown crops were not detectable at this depth until April. For most crops the distribution of roots with depth was reasonably described by an exponential decay function, with over 50% of the roots in the top 20 cm of soil at all times. At Woburn in 1981, a plough-pan restricted roots to the upper soil horizons for most of the season but apparently had little effect on the total amount of root produced. For one of the experimental crops an empirical mathematical function describing the distribution of roots with depth and time is presented.Using the data from this and previously published studies, the relationship between grain yield and the amount of root at anthesis was investigated. Total root length was positively correlated with grain yield but nonetheless similarly yielding crops could have different-sized root systems. Total root dry weight was poorly correlated with grain yield.

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The allelopathic potential of phenolic acids associated with the rhizosphere of Pteridium aquilinum

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b76-259 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 54 (21) ◽

pp. 2440-2444 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Anthony D. M. Glass

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Phenolic Acid ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pteridium Aquilinum ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Root Volume ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Lateral Root Development ◽

Seminal Roots

Barley plants were grown hydroponically in solutions which exactly reproduced the major phenolic acid composition of the soil associated with Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. In CaSO4 solution these compounds severely inhibited root growth as measured by fresh weight, dry weight, and root volume analyses. The form of root growth was also modified by the presence of the phenolic acids in that by 3 weeks extensive lateral root development had occurred, whereas only limited elongation of seminal roots occurred. Inhibition, as measured by fresh weight determinations, was most pronounced when roots were grown at 5 and 30 °C and least pronounced between 15 and 20 °C. Other species examined, with the sole exception of Agropyron repens (L.)Beauv., showed similar responses to the presence of the phenolic acids. Microscopic examination of the tips of barley roots treated with phenolic acid revealed that meristematic cells were prematurely vacuolated.In constrast with the striking effects of these phenolics on root growth in CaSO4 solution, there were no obvious effects on barley root growth when the phenolic acids were dissolved in a complete inorganic nutrient medium.

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PENGARUH Trichoderma asperellum DAN KOMPOS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH VARIETAS LEMBAH PALU (Allium L.x Wakegi Araki)

Jurnal Agrotech ◽

10.31970/agrotech.v10i1.50 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

Kasman Jaya ◽

Idris Idris ◽

Yuliana

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tuber Weight ◽

Test Results ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Honestly Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Central Sulawesi

This study aims to determine the effect of giving T. asperellum and compost on the growth and yield of shallots of the Palu Valley variety. This research was conducted on July to September 2019 in Oloboju Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This research is a kind of experimental research that is designed by using a Randomized Group Design with grouping based on watering time. The treatments tested consisted of: P0 = Control (without treatment), P1 = T. asperellum 48g + 12 liters of water, P2 = T. asperellum 48g + 12kg compost and P3 = 12kg compost. To determine the effect of the treatment being tried, a diversity test was conducted. If the diversity test results show a real influence, then proceed with the Honestly Significant Difference test (BNJ) α = 0.05 to find out the differences between treatments. Treatment of various combinations of T. asperellum and compost significantly affected plant height at ages 15 and 25 HST, but had no significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, number of tubers per clump, fresh tuber weight per clump, fresh tuber weight per plot and fresh tuber weight per hectare. The compost treatment gives a better effect on the height of plants aged 15 HST (average 15.09cm) and 25 HST (average 19.86cm).

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(106) Improved Root Growth of Corkbark Fir and Pinyon Pine Seedlings Grown in a Gravel Bed

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1050a ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1050A-1050

Author(s):

Robert R. Tripepi ◽

Mary W. George

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Silica Sand ◽

Field Soil ◽

Root Volume ◽

Gravel Bed ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Pinyon Pine

Seedlings of several conifer species can be difficult to transplant, with the problem often related to poor root regeneration. The objective of this study was to determine if corkbark fir (Abies lasiocarpa arizonica) seedlings or pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) seedlings would produce more root growth when grown in a Missouri gravel bed growing system compared to field soil. The 3–0 fir seedlings and 4–0 pine seedlings were planted in a gravel bed in mid-April. The gravel bed was 3 m × 3.7 m and was filled with a mixture of 60% pea gravel (1 cm minus), 30% Turface®, and 10% silica sand (by volume). A field bed 3 m × 3.7 m in size was also prepared. Fir seedlings were harvested in September and October, but pinyon pine seedlings were harvested only in October due to their poor transplant survival. Plant heights, stem diameters, and root volumes, as well as root and shoot dry weights, were determined at harvest. Of all the measured growth parameters for both species, only root dry weights and root volumes were significantly different. In particular, fir seedlings grown in the gravel bed produced at least 30% more root dry weight and 74% more root volume than those planted in field soil whether plants were harvested in September or October. Likewise, pine seedlings grown in gravel produced at least 37% more root dry weight and 86% more root volume than those grown in soil. In addition, only 10.6% of the pine seedlings planted in soil survived transplanting, but 23.3% of those grown in the gravel bed survived. This study demonstrated that corkbark fir and pinyon pine seedlings grown in a gravel bed produced larger root systems than those planted into field soil, and the gravel bed also improved pinyon pine seedling survival after transplanting.

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BUDIDAYA CABAI RAWIT SISTEM HIDROPONIK SUBSTRAT DENGAN VARIASI MEDIA DAN NUTRISI

Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture ◽

10.20961/carakatani.v31i2.11996 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 129 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Djoko Purnomo ◽

Dwi Harjoko ◽

Trijono Djoko Sulistyo

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Beach Sand ◽

Capsicum Frutescens ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Branch Number ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference

<div class="WordSection1">The study aimed to determine which substrate and nutrition that gives the best result in improving growth and yield of Capsicum frutescens. The study design using CRD (completely randomized design) with two factors, namely substrates (6 levels: charcoal husks, fractional tiles, fractional bricks, arenga fiber, beach sand, husk steamed) and nutrition (2 levels: standards, standards with NPK). The study was conducted October 2015 until March 2016 in screen house Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and if significant difference continued with DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) level of 5%. The results showed that the kinds of substrates significantly affect all variables of Capsicum frutescens (plant height, leaf number, branch number, total interest, diameter trunk, root length, root volume, fresh weight of plants, plant dry weight, fruit weight and number of fruit), and the addition of NPK nutrition significantly affect variable leaf number, branch number, and fresh weight of plants. </div>

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Effect of Azospirillum Inoculation on Growth and Yield of Lentil

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1233 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 30-33

Author(s):

M Motiur Rahman ◽

Sanzida Mubassara ◽

Sirajul Hoque ◽

Zahed UM Khan

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Azospirillum Lipoferum ◽

Lens Esculenta ◽

Stages Of Growth

A field experiment was conducted in 2005 to evaluate the effect of some isolates of Azospirillum brasilense and Azospirillum lipoferum on growth and yield of lentil (Lens esculenta). Azospirillum inoculation significantly enhanced the early emergence of lentil seeds in the field. The inoculation caused the increase in height of the lentil plants at various stages of growth. Due to inoculation fresh weight and dry weight of lentil plant were increased during pre-flowering and post-flowering stages. Significant increase in the number of pods per plant and grain weight due to Azospirillum inoculation was observed. It was also found that the population of Azospirillum increased significantly in the inoculated root samples of lentil plants. Keywords: Azospirillum, Inoculation, Growth, Yield, Lentil (Lens esculenta)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1233 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp.30-33

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Effect of Plant Media Composition and POC Doses of Rabbit Urine on Growth and Yield of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Plants

Jurnal Pertanian Tropik ◽

10.32734/jpt.v6i3.3188 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 412-423

Author(s):

Gita Ayu Lestari ◽

Sumarsono ◽

Eny uskhah Fuskhah

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Economic Value ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Media Composition ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Growing Media ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Diameter

Melon has a high economic value but in its cultivation, this plant requires quite an intensive handling.One effort to increase the production of melon plants is modifying planting media composition andfertilizing. This research aimed to examine the interaction between plant media composition and therabbit urine fertilizer dosage on melon growth and yield. The research was held on April 4 to August4, 2019, at The Agro Fruit Purwosari Greenhouse, Mijen, Semarang and Ecology, and CropProduction Laboratory, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University,Semarang. The study used a completely randomized factorial design 3x5 with 5 replications. The firstfactor was the growing media composition of 100% husk charcoal (M1), 75% husk charcoal + 25%soil (M2), 50% husk charcoal + 50% soil (M3). The second factor was rabbit urine fertilizer dosageof 55 ml/plant (P1), 82,5 ml/plant (P2), 110 ml/plant (P3), 137,5 ml/plant (P4), 165 ml/plant (P5).Data were analyzed by variance and proceeded with the DMRT test. The observed variables wereplant height, amount of leaves, harvest age, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit sweetness level, crown,and root fresh weight, crown and root dry weight. The results of the study showed that the interactionof the growing media composition and rabbit urine fertilizer dosage was significant (P<0.05) on theparameters of plant height, amount of leaves, and fruit sweetness level. The treatment of (M2)obtained the highest result on the parameters of plant height, amount of leaves, and fruit sweetnesslevel but had not been shown on the parameters of harvest age, fruit weight, fruit diameter, crownand root fresh weight, crown, and root dry weight.

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UTanggap Beberapa Dosis Pupuk Organik Kascing Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L.) Yang Berbeda Varietas

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v7i2.765 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Teguh Yuda Pratama ◽

Nurmayulis Nurmayulis ◽

Imas Rohmawati

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves

The research was aimed to know the effect of dose of organic fertilizer to growth and yield varieties of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The method used was a randomized block design a Randomized Completely Block Design with 2 factors. The first factor was the organic fertilizer, namely (P) and the second factor was the variety. The first factors was the organic vermicompost, which consists of 4 levels, namely: P0 = 0 g / plant, P1 = 30 g / plant, P2 = 60 g / plant, P3 = 90 g / plant the second factor was varieties, which consists of three levels, namely: V1 = Tosakan varieties, V2 = Kumala varieties, V3 = Sri Tanjung varieties. Thus there was 12 combinations of treatment, each treatment was repeated three times, in order to get 36 experimental unit. Parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, root dry weight. The results of this research showed that vermicompost fertilizer showed significant effect on the observation parameters plant height, root length, fresh weight of plant, plant dry weight, root dry weight. Vermicompost fertilizer dose of 60 g / plant give the best average results in almost all variables observation (plant height 18,6 g, fresh weight of plant 10,3 g, plant dry weight 1,3 g and root dry weight 0,4 g. Kumala varieties gave the highest rates in the observation parameters number of leaves 7,2 sheet and fresh weight of plant 10,0 g. The interaction of both treatment showed no real effect on all parameters of observation.

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Effect of different compost concentrations on the growth yield of Bombax Ceiba (Simal)

10.53365/nrfhh/144578 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Irfan Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Haroon U Rashid ◽

Shahid Nawaz ◽

Muhammad Asif ◽

Taimoor Hassan Farooq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Compost Application

Bombax ceiba is an important agroforestry tree species widely distributed throughout the world. It has been extensively grown and planted for eras in hot and dry regions and high humidity zones of southern Asia. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the growth response of B. ceiba in response to different compost treatments. Different morphological traits (plant height, stem height, root length) and biomass (shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio) were measured. Two experiments (pot experiment = seedlings) and (field experiment = saplings) were conducted simultaneously. Different compost treatments: (T0) = (Compost 0% + Soil 0%), (T1) = (Compost 25% + Soil 75%), (T2) = (Compost 50% + Soil 50%), (T3) = (Compost 75% + Soil 25%), (T4) = (Compost 100% + Soil 0%) were applied in the growing media. Results demonstrated that plant growth increased with the increment in compost application. In the pot experiment, B. ceiba exhibited its better growth under 75% of compost application, whereas in the field experiment, 100% compost was helpful for the best production of B. ceiba. Overall, positive effects of compost were observed for the growth of B. ceiba. The plant growth was increased greatly in response to the better content of organic fertilizer, and it was determined that compost enhances soil fertility. It should be implemented as organic fertilizer in agroforestry operations for optimizing plant growth and yield.

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