scholarly journals Evaluation of certain rainfed food and oil seed crops for their response to elevated CO2 at vegetative stage

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vanaja ◽  
P. Vagheera ◽  
P. Ratnakumar ◽  
N. Jyothi lakshmi ◽  
P. Raghuram Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Oil Seed ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Oil Seed Crops

A study was conducted with two important rainfed food crops viz., sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) and blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Happer) and two oil seed crops viz., sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under two conditions viz., elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (600 ppm) and ambient CO<sub>2</sub> (365 ppm) in open top chambers (OTCs). The observations were recorded at the vegetative stage at 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after sowing (DAS). The results showed significant differences between crops, conditions and time intervals, as well as the single and double order interactions for all the characters studied viz., total dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, leaf dry weight, shoot length, root length and leaf area. Total dry weight and its components viz., stem dry weight, root dry weight and leaf dry weight along with leaf area showed a significant increase under enhanced CO<sub>2</sub> conditions. Among the four crops studied the overall results showed the highest response to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> by blackgram while the lowest response by sorghum.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) AND INDIGOFERA (Indigofera zollingeriana) FORAGE ON APPLICATION OF ANORGANIC AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Roni N.G.K. ◽  
S.A. Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The productivity of forage depends on the availability of nutrients in the soil where it is grown, so fertilization to replace harvested produce is absolutely necessary. This study aims to study the response of gamal and indigofera forage on application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Research using a completely randomized design factorial pattern of two factors, the first factor is the type of plant (G = Gamal; I = Indigofera) and the second factor is the type of fertilizer (T = without Fertilizer; A = Inorganic fertilizer NPK; K = commercial organic fertilizer; O = conventional organic fertilizer; B = bioorganic fertilizer), repeated 4 times so that it consists of 40 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total dry weight of leaves, ratio of dry weight of leaves/stems and leaf area per pot. The results showed that there was no interaction between plant species and types of fertilizer in influencing the response of gamal and indigofera plants. Plant species have a significant effect on stem diameter, while fertilizer types have a significant effect on plant height, leaf dry weight, total dry weight of leaves and leaf area per pot. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the response of gamal plants is similar to indigofera, all types of fertilizers can improve the response of plants and organic fertilizers produce the same crop response with inorganic fertilizers. Keywords: gamal, indigofera, inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer

scholarly journals Relations Between Leaf Area Index and Growth Characteristics of Florunner, Southern Runner, and Sunrunner Peanut1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Davis ◽  
Timothy P. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Abstract Growth characteristics of three commonly planted peanut cultivars were measured during the 1988 and 1989 growing seasons at the Wiregrass Substation in Headland, Ala., to develop equations for predicting leaf area index (LAI) from other growth varibales. These equations were needed to allow rapid estimation of leaf area loss from foliar-feeding insects or foliar-fungal pathogens. Conventionally planted and tilled fields of Florunner, Sunrunner and Southern Runner peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were sampled for plant vegetative stage, reproductive stage, height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry weight, number of pods, pod dry weight, stem dry weight, and stand density. Most growth characteristics increased linearly (p&lt;0.05) with time in both years. LAI was significantly correlated (P&lt;0.05) with most growth variables for each cultivar. Linear regression was used to create equations for prediction of LAI from leaf dry weight (range of R2 = 0.93 to 0.97) and number of leaves (range of R2 = 0.74 to 0.95) for each cultivar, and all cultivars combined. Equations were also developed to predict LAI from plant height (range of R2 = 0.85 to 0.96) and plant vegetative stage (range of R2 = 0.81 to 0.83). These equations should be useful to those who wish to estimate LAI from other growth variables.

scholarly journals Critical Zinc+2 Activities for Sour Orange Determined with Chelator-buffered Nutrient Solutions

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Swietlik ◽  
Linsen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Chelator-buffered nutrient solutions were used to study the effect of different levels of Zn activity in the rhizosphere on growth and nutritive responses of various tissues of sour orange seedlings. The seedlings were grown for 3 months in a growth chamber in a hydroponic culture containing from 5 to 69 μm and 5 to 101 μm total Zn in Expts. 1 and 2, respectively. Zn+2 activities were calculated with a computerized chemical equilibrium model (Geochem-PC), and buffered by inclusion of a chelator, diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA), at 74 and 44 μm in excess of the sum of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Co in Expts. 1 and 2, respectively. The use of DTPA-buffered solutions proved successful in imposing varying degrees of Zn deficiency. The deficiency was confirmed by leaf symptomatology, leaf chemical analyses, i.e., <16 mg·kg-1 Zn, and responses to foliar sprays and application of Zn to the roots. Growth parameters varied in their sensitivity to Zn deficiency, i.e., root dry weight < leaf number and white root growth < stem dry weight < leaf dry weight < shoot elongation and leaf area. The critical activities, expressed as pZn = -log(Zn+2), were ≈10.2±0.2 for root dry weight, 10.1±0.2 for leaf number and white root growth, 10.0±0.2 for stem dry weight, 9.9±0.2 for leaf dry weight, and 9.8±0.2 for shoot growth and leaf area. Increases in growth were observed in response to Zn applications even in the absence of visible Zn-deficiency symptoms. Seedlings containing >23 mg·kg-1 Zn in leaves did not respond to further additions of Zn to the nutrient solution. Zinc foliar sprays were less effective than Zn applications to the roots in alleviating severe Zn deficiency because foliar-absorbed Zn was not translocated from the top to the roots and thus could not correct Zn deficiency in the roots.

scholarly journals Initial Growth of Seedlings of Flame Azalea in Response to Day/Night Temperature

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asiah A. Malek ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
James E. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Seedlings of flame azalea [Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr] were grown for 12 weeks under long-day conditions with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C for 9 hours in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C for 15 hours. Total plant dry weight, top dry weight, leaf area, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots were influenced by day and night temperatures and their interactions. Dry matter production was lowest with nights at 14C. Root, leaf, top, and total dry weights were maximized with days at 26C in combination with nights at 18 to 26C. Stem dry weight was maximized with days at 26 to 30C and nights at 22C. Leaf area was largest with days at 18 and 26C in combination with nights at 18 or 26C. Within the optimal, day/night temperature range of 26 C/18-26C for total plant dry weight, there was no evidence that alternating temperatures enhanced growth. Shoot: root ratios (top dry weight: root dry weight) were highest with days at 18 and 30C. Leaf area ratio (total leaf area: total plant dry weight) was highest and specific leaf area (total leaf area: leaf dry weight) was largest when days and nights were at 18C and were lower at higher temperatures. Regardless of day/night temperature, leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) was higher than either the stem weight ratio (stem dry weight: total plant dry weight) or root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight). Net leaf photosynthetic rate increased with day temperatures up to 30C.

Biomass Partitioning and Yield of Three Asparagus Hybrids

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 487f-488
Author(s):  
W. Alan Erb ◽  
Linda Parsons ◽  
Mark Pyeatt
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

This study was conducted to learn when an asparagus plant partitions its biomass into leaves, stems, buds, and rhizomes, and roots and to determine when after harvest the crown of the plant is rejuvenated to the point that harvest can begin again. The plants used in this study were generated by sowing seed on Jan. 1995, transplanting seedlings into 1.8-L containers (5 sand: 4 soil: 1 peat) in Mar. 1995 and on Mar. 1996, placing the crowns into 9.5-L containers. During Fall 1996, the number of shoots per plant were recorded and this data was used to group plants into six classes. The study was started on 8 Apr. 1997 by first removing six plants/cultivar (one from each class) and biomass partitioning each crown into buds and rhizomes, and roots. The remaining plants were harvested eight times and after the final harvest on 20 Apr. another set of plants (six/cultivar) were partitioned. Starting on 3 June, a set of plants were partitioned every 2 weeks until 21 Oct., when growth stopped in the fall. Atlas and UC157 F1 produced the most spears and had the highest yield and they also had the highest total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and stem dry weight. There were no cultivar differences in rhizome and root dry weight. However, `Jersey Giant' and `Atlas' had the highest rhizome and root weight ratio. The highest bud dry weights occurred on 20 May, 23 Sept., 26 Aug., and 21 Oct. and the highest rhizome and root dry weights were on 21 Oct., 12 Aug., 26 Aug., and 23 Sept. The bud dry weight recorded on 12 Aug. was equal to the bud dry weight recorded on 8 Apr. Also on 12 Aug., leaf dry weight and rhizome and root dry weight were higher than almost all the other dates. In addition, above-ground shoot counts and bud dry weights were higher on 26 Aug. than on 12 Aug. All this data indicates that in this study sometime after 12 Aug. and before 26 Aug., the asparagus crown was completely rejuvenated and ready for another cycle of harvesting.

scholarly journals Effect of Photoselective Shadecloth and Plastic Film on Growth of Chrysanthemums under Supplemental Lighting

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 837C-837
Author(s):  
Kent D. Kobayashi*
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Controlling plant height is an important practice in the ornamental plant industry. With high cost of growth regulators and concern about their environmental aspects and health of workers, alternative ways of controlling growth may be advantageous. Objective was to determine effect of photoselective shadecloth and plastic film on growth of `Barbara', `Shasta', and `Chesapeake' mums under supplemental lighting. In experiment 1, `Barbara' plants (two and four weeks old) were placed under either wide spectrum fluorescent lamps and incandescent light bulbs (control) or lights covered with photoselective shadecloth. In experiment 2, 3-week-old `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' plants were placed under lights or lights covered with photoselective plastic film. Effect of shadecloth differed with age of `Barbara' plants. For 1-month-old plants placed under lights, stem diameter, stem dry weight, and root dry weight were reduced under shadecloth compared to control. No differences were observed for plant height, pot height, leaf number, leaf area/plant, and leaf dry weight. For 2-week-old plants, leaf number, leaf area/plant, leaf dry weight, and stem dry weight were less under shadecloth than control. No effects on plant height, pot height, stem diameter, and root dry weight were observed. Plastic film reduced plant height and pot height for `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' plants and reduced stem dry weight and total plant dry weight for `Shasta'. No differences were seen for other growth measurements. This study indicated photoselective shadecloth did not control height of `Barbara' and its effect on growth was influenced by plant age. Photoselective plastic film controlled height of `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' and offers an alternative method for growth control of mum plants.

scholarly journals Day/Night Temperatures Influence Growth and Photosynthesis During Containerized Production of Selected Species of Helleborus (Hellebores)

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Adam W. Lowder ◽  
Helen T. Kraus ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Stuart L. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Abstract Containerized seedlings of Helleborus foetidus L. (stinking hellebore), H. niger L. (Christmas rose), and H. ×hybridus L. (Lenten rose) were grown under long-day conditions in controlled-environment chambers for 95 days with 9-hr days of 14, 18, 22, 26, or 30C (57, 64, 72, 79, or 86F) in factorial combination with 15-hr nights of 10, 14, 18, 22, or 26C (50, 57, 64, 72, or 79F). Long-day conditions were provided by a 3-hr night interruption. Growth of each species responded differently to day and night temperatures. Calculated maximum root, top, and total dry weight, and leaf area of H. foetidus occurred with days/nights of 20/15, 18/13, 19/14, and 18/15C (68/59, 65/55, 66/57, and 65/59F), respectively. While night temperature (NT) had no effect on root:top ratio [RTR (root dry weight ÷ top dry weight)], RTR was greatest (0.65) with days of 22C (72F). Helleborus niger had calculated maximum root dry weight and total dry weight with days of 14C (57F) and nights of 16 and 13C (60 and 55F), respectively. Top growth of H. niger decreased linearly as NTs increased for days of 14 or 22C (57 or 72F). Day temperatures (DTs) had no effect on RTR, whereas RTR responded quadratically as NT increased with a calculated maximum RTR at nights of 19C (66F). Leaf area was maximized at days/nights of 14/10C (57/50F). At days of 22 or 26C (72 or 79F), top growth of H. ×hybridus responded quadratically as NT increased with maxima occurring at nights of 18 or 17C (64 or 63F). Root dry weight responded quadratically at days of 14, 22, or 26C (57, 72, or 79F) and calculated maxima occurred with nights of 18C (64F). At days of 22 or 26C (72 or 79F), there were quadratic responses in total dry weight with calculated maximum growth of H. ×hybridus at nights of 18 or 17C (64 or 63F), respectively. For days of 14, 22, or 30C (57, 72, or 86F), there were quadratic responses in RTR with greatest RTR calculated at nights of 15, 18, or 16C (59, 64, or 60F), respectively. There were quadratic responses at days of 22 or 26C (72 or 79F) for leaf area with calculated maxima at nights of 18 or 17C (64 or 63F), respectively. As DTs increased from 14 to 30C (57 to 86F) net CO2 assimilation (PN) of H. ×hybridus also increased linearly whereas increased NTs had no effect on PN. In contrast, stomatal conductance was not impacted by DT or NT.

scholarly journals PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN LEGUMINOSA (Centrocema pubescens DAN Clitoria ternatea) YANG DIPUPUK DENGAN PUPUK BIO SLURRY

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
WITARIADI N. M. ◽  
N.N. CANDRAASIH K.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Legume Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

This study aims at determining the productivity of legume fertilized with bio slurry. The study was conductedby using a complete randomized design (CRD) with two factors as factorial design. The first factor is the type oflegume plants, namely Centrocema pubescen and Clitoria ternatea. The second factor is the dosage of bioslurryfertilizer such as fertilizer as control; 10 tons/ha of bioslurry fertilizer; 20 tons/ha of bioslurry fertilizer; 30 tons/ha of bio slurry fertilizer. Variables observed were growth (plant height, number of tillers, and number of leaves);production variables (leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight of forage); and growthcharacteristics (leaf area, leaf dry weight ratio of dry weight rod, and ratio of the total dry weight of forage with rootdry weight). The results showed that the bio-slurry fertilizer increase productivity and legume plants (Centrocemapubescen and Clitoria ternatea). The differences of 10-30 tons/ha bioslurry treatment significantly (P<0.05)increase number of tillers, number of leaves, total forage dry weight, dry weight of leaf, stem dry weight, root dryweight, leaf area, ratio of total dry weight of forage with roots and leaves with the stem ratio). It can be concludedthat higher productivity of legume plants species found significantly (P<0.05) on Clitoria ternatea with 30 tons/hadosages of bioslurry fertilizer as the best result.

Respon Akar Bibit Aren Genjah (Arenga pinnata) Di Pembibitan Pada Pemberian Dosis dan Interval Pupuk Organik Cair Nasa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yetti Elidar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Research on the response of roots of palm sugar palm seeds (Arenga pinnata) in nurseries at doses and intervals of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer. Aims to determine the dosage, interval and combination of dosages and fertilization intervals with Nasa liquid organic fertilizer which can provide the best dry weight of the roots in the nursery. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3x3 factorial experiments and each treatment was repeated 8 (eight) times, consisting of: the first factor was the treatment of POC Nasa dose in a concentration of 3 cc POC Nasa per liter of water (D) consists of 3 levels, namely: d1 = 300 ml POC Nasa, d2 = 400 ml POC Nasa, d3 = 500 ml POC Nasa, while the second factor is the treatment of POC Nasa Interval (I) consisting of 3 levels, namely: i1 = 2 once a week, i2 = once every 3 weeks, i3 = once every 4 weeks. The results of the POC Nasa dose study had a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level are: d2 (400 ml of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer), the interval of liquid organic fertilizer Nasa has a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level is: i1 (once every 2 weeks). The treatment combination has no significant effect on all parameters. 

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

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