scholarly journals Intake and digestibility in cattle grazing temperate grass associated with legume and/or energetic supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 349-358
Author(s):  
Cassiano Albino Lorensetti ◽  
Magali Floriano da Silveira ◽  
Roberta Farenzena ◽  
Eduardo Felipe Colerauz de Oliveira Lazzarotto ◽  
Jeferson Menezes Lourenço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Energy Supplements ◽  
Temperate Legumes

The intercrop between grasses and legumes is an alternative to maintain and increase animal production. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of grass-legume mixtures with or without supplementations on rumen fermentation, nutrient intake, and microbial protein synthesis. Six Holstein steers fitted with ruminal cannula were kept in a double 3 × 3 Latin square design. The treatments were: 1) oat, annual ryegrass, and supplement (GS), 2) oat, annual ryegrass, and vetch (GL), 3) oat, annual ryegrass, vetch, and supplement (GLS). Supplementation of ground maize was given daily at 11 h at 1% of body weight. Total digestible nutrient intake was higher in steers fed GS and GLS. Animals on GL ingested higher concentrations of nitrogen (N) compared to animals on GS and GLS diets. Ruminal pH and ammonia concentration were higher in GL. Grass-legume mixtures and supplements showed higher concentrations of sugar, α-amino acids, and peptides. The ruminal fermentative parameters, ruminal pH, ammonia, and sugars ranged cubically across the day. Microbial protein synthesis was similar amongst the treatments. Animals exclusively consuming temperate grass produce higher ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations. Therefore, using temperate legumes in pasture systems can be included in the cattle diet in lieu of utilizing energy supplements.

scholarly journals Inclusion of copaiba oil (Copaifera sp.) as additive in supplements for cattle on pasture

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-192
Author(s):  
Fabiola Espindola Ortega de Lima ◽  
Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de Goes ◽  
Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra ◽  
Diego dos Santos Penha ◽  
Raquel Tenório de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Copaiba Oil

SUMMARY This study analyzed the effect of including copaiba oil as an additive for cattle supplemented on pasture, during the dry season. Four crossbred steers, castrated, with 245 ± 25 kg, aged about 18 months, fitted with permanent rumen cannula; were randomly assigned to a 4×4 Latin square. All animals were housed in individual paddocks (0.3 ha), uniformly covered with Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, with through and drinking fountain; and were given a concentrate at 500g/100 kg BW containing 380 g/kg crude protein (%DM). The copaiba oil was added to the supplement as a spray, in the proportions of 0, 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg DM intake. Spraying supplementation was performed daily at the time of supply of the supplement. Data of intake and digestibility of nutrients, ruminal pH; ruminal ammonia nitrogen, and microbial protein synthesis were tested by analysis of variance and polynomial regression, adopting a significance level of 5%. The inclusion of copaiba oil quadratically affected total dry matter intake (P=0.030) and CP digestibility (P=0.043), without altering ruminal metabolism (P>0.05) and microbial protein synthesis (P>0.05) of the animals kept on pasture.

Effect of the substitution of urea for soybean meal on digestion in steers

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Kozloski ◽  
H. M. N. Ribeiro Filho ◽  
J. B. T. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen

Four growing Holstein steers (305 ± 33 kg body weight) with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment to assess the effect of level of dietary urea (0, 7.3, 14.7 and 22.0 g kg−1 of dry matter) on the site and extent of digestion of some feed components. The diets were isonitrogenous and consisted of 60% ryegrass hay and 40% concentrate and were offered to the animals three times daily in amounts limited to 24 g of dry matter kg−1 liveweight in order to avoid feed refusals. The addition of urea caused a linear increase in ruminal pH and in ruminal ammonia concentration during the first hours after feed ingestion (P < 0.01), and linearly increased ruminal digestibility of cellulose (P < 0.01) and apparent nitrogen (P < 0.05). However, it had no significant effect on apparent total digestibility of feed components, nor did it affect ruminal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter or starch. Flow of microbial nitrogen to the small intestine decreased linearly (P < 0.05), but the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis or the proportion of undegraded feed nitrogen in the rumen that flowed to the small intestine was not significantly affected (P > 0.05). The increase in ruminal ammonia concentration above that necessary for optimal microbial growth increased ruminal nitrogen losses into the blood. However, excess ruminal ammonia concentration also increased ruminal fibre digestion. Key words: Non-protein nitrogen, microbial protein synthesis, ruminants, digestion

Effect of altering the non-structural: structural carbohydrate ratio in a pasture diet on milk production and ruminal metabolites in cows in early and late lactation

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Carruthers ◽  
P. G. Neil ◽  
D. E. Dalley
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

AbstractThe effect on digestibility, ruminal metabolites, microbial protein synthesis and milk production of manipulating the non-structural (NSC): structural (SO carbohydrate ratio in a predominantly pasture diet was investigated in cows in early (trial 1) and late (trial 2) lactation. Twenty-four cows in trial 1 and 15 cows in trial 2 were offered pasture only (P), 0·85 P plus 0·15 NSC/protein mixture (PR), and P plus an additional 0·1 (trial 1) or 0·15 (trial 2) NSC (PE) in a Latin-square arrangement. All diets were isonitrogenous and P and PR were isoenergetic. PE but not PR increased microbial protein synthesis and decreased ruminal ammonia and milk urea levels, compared with P. Efficiency of microbial synthesis (g N per kg digestible organic matter intake) was not altered by treatment. Treatments had minor effects on ruminal pH and no effect on volatile fatty acid concentrations. PE and PR did not affect milk yield or protein yield and decreased fat yield compared with P in trial 1. Milk yield was increased on PE and PR compared with P and was greater on PE than PR, in trial 2. Yields of fat and protein were higher on PE than on P and yield of protein was higher on PR than on P. The results suggest that increasing the ratio of NSC: protein by increasing total carbohydrate intake was more effective in improving nitrogen utilization in the rumen than was increasing the NSC: SC ratio without increasing carbohydrate intake.

Effect of banana flower powder on rumen fermentation, synthesis of microbial protein and nutrient digestibility in swamp buffaloes

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Thiwakorn Ampapon ◽  
Kampanat Phesatcha ◽  
Sungchhang Kang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Banana Flower

Replacement of chemical compounds by dietary sources as rumen enhancers have been of great interest and concern by researchers. Four, rumen-fistulated swamp buffalo bulls with average liveweight of 365 ± 15.0 kg were randomly assigned to treatments, to investigate the impact of banana flower powder (BAFLOP) as a rumen modifier on pH, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, microbial protein synthesis and volatile fatty acids. All buffaloes were allotted according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Dietary supplementation treatments were as follows: 2 g concentrate/kg bodyweight (BW; T1), 15 g concentrate/kg BW (T2), 15 g concentrate/kg BW plus BAFLOP 300 g/head.day (T3) and 15 g concentrate/kg BW plus BAFLOP 600 g/head.day (T4). Untreated rice straw was fed ad libitum. The findings showed that total feed intake was increased in buffaloes fed a diet supplemented with concentrate at 2 g/kg BW, while rice straw intake was reduced. Nutrient digestibility was increased by BAFLOP supplementation at both levels (T3 and T4; P &lt; 0.05). Ruminal pH dropped (5.9) in buffaloes fed with concentrate at 15 g/kg BW, while buffaloes with BAFLOP supplementation could maintain ruminal pH when fed with high-concentrate diet. Ruminal ammonia-nitrogen increased in the buffaloes fed concentrate at 15 g/kg BW, especially with BAFLOP supplementation. Feeding high-concentrate diet increased the concentrations of ruminal total volatile fatty acids and propionic acid (C3), while the concentration of acetic acid and the acetic acid:C3 ratio and methane production were subsequently reduced (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was increased by the BAFLOP feeding (P &lt; 0.05). In the present study, using BAFLOP as a dietary rumen enhancer at 300–600 g/head.day resulted in an increased rumen pH, C3 concentration, nutrient digestibility and microbial protein synthesis, while mitigating ruminal methane production. Higher nutrient digestibility and lower ruminal methane production, more dietary energy and production efficiency are expected.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SYNCHRONIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SUPPLY  IN THE SUGARCANE BAGASSE BASED DIET ON MICROBIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN SHEEP

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Achmadi ◽  
A. T. Suhada ◽  
L. K. Nuswantara ◽  
F. Wahyono
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Synchronization Index ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Post Feeding

The experimental research was conducted to clarify the effect of synchronization of ruminal carbohydrate and protein releases from sugarcane bagasse based diet (SBBD) on microbial protein synthesis in sheep. The first experiment was the formulation of three SBBD with similar nutrient content but differed in synchronization indexes (namely 0.36; 0.50 and 0.63). The in sacco nutrient degradability coefficient was used to calculate the synchronization index of each feedstuff. The second experiment was determination of post feeding ruminal pH, ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level in sheep fed on experimental SBBD. The third experiment was determination of feed digestibility and estimation of microbial nitrogen synthesis (MNP) on the basis of excreted urinary allantoin. The alteration of dietary synchronization index did not change nutrient intake, but the digestibilities of DM, OM and CP were increased (P<0.05). The post feeding ruminal pH was decreased (P<0.05) but concentrations of post feeding ruminal TVFA and NH3-N, and level of BUN were increased (P<0.05) by the treatment of dietary synchronization index. The treatment of dietary synchronization index improved MNP (P<0.05), although dietary synchronization index at 0.63 lowered the MNP (P<0.05). 

scholarly journals Sugarcane bagasse as only roughage for crossbred lactating cows in semiarid regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wandemberg Rocha Freitas ◽  
Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira ◽  
Janaina Lima Silva ◽  
Antônia Sherlânea Chaves Véras ◽  
Leonardo José Assis Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different levels of sugarcane bagasse, as exclusive roughage, on nutrient intake and digestibility, feeding behavior, microbial protein synthesis, and dairy performance of crossbred cows. Ten lactating Girolando breed cows (600±34.3 kg body weight) were assigned to a replicated 5×5 Latin square design. The control diet, based on spineless cactus, sugarcane bagasse, and concentrate, was formulated to meet the average production of 20 kg of milk per day, with 3.5% fat. The evaluated levels of sugarcane bagasse were: 30, 38, 46, and 54% dry matter bases. The intake and digestibility of dry matter decreased linearly with sugarcane bagasse levels. Rumination time was higher in cows fed 54% sugarcane bagasse. The inclusion levels had no effect on non-esterified fatty acid contents or on the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, but beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations showed a quadratic pattern to the bagasse levels. Higher yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk were obtained with cows fed 30% sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse inclusion in the diet of crossbred dairy cows decreases their performance; however, the bagasse can be used as exclusive roughage when associated with 70% concentrate.

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