scholarly journals Porcine neonates failing vitality score: physio-metabolic profile and latency to the first teat contact

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Trujillo-Ortega ◽  
D. Mota-Rojas ◽  
JuárezO ◽  
D. Villanueva-García ◽  
P. Roldan-Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Vitality Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

The objective of this study was to compare the metabolic and electrolytic profile as well as the morphological appearance of the umbilical cord and newly born piglets&rsquo; weight that failed the vitality test scale compared to those who passed. Newborn piglets were divided into three groups according to the vitality with a modified Apgar score at birth: Group 1, failing with a score &lt; 5 (G<sub>1</sub>: n = 218), Group 2 had a score of 6 to 7 (G<sub>2</sub>: n = 439) and Group 3 had scores &gt; 8 (G<sub>3</sub>: n = 464). Results showed significant differences among groups (P &lt; 0.05) in the physio-metabolic pH, PCO<sub>2</sub>, PO<sub>2</sub>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, glucose, lactate and bicarbonate values. Regarding weight, temperature and latency to connect the maternal teat, there were also significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) among groups; it took 23.38 min for G<sub>3</sub> while neonatal piglets from G<sub>1</sub> took 30 min longer (P &lt; 0.05) to make the first teat contact. The neonates from the latter group had a higher percentage (75.68%) of broken umbilical cords, with higher birth weight (+200 g, P &lt; 0.05), showed higher than normal blood glucose concentrations, and had lower body temperature at birth (&ndash;0.7&deg;C, P &lt; 0.05) and PO<sub>2</sub> in comparison with the other groups of neonates that passed the vitality score. A novel point of this study is the profile characterization of piglets that failed and passed the vitality score; we expect that the data provided may be applicable as reference values of metabolic and electrolyte blood profiles in newborn piglets according to their vitality. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that low vitality newborn piglets had clearly undergone through perinatal asphyxia. Potential indicators increasing this condition are: high birth weight, low body temperature, vitality score &le; 5, and the presence of the broken umbilical cord at birth.

85 PREGNANCIES AND VIABILITY OF THE OFFSPRING AFTER TRANSFER OF HANDMADE CLONED PORCINE EMBRYOS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
M. Schmidt ◽  
I. B. Bøgh ◽  
Y. Du ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
J. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
The Mean

In several species, nuclear transfer causes a high frequency of fetal loss, high birth weight, malformations, and neonatal death. This study investigates the fetal development of porcine embryos produced by handmade cloning (HMC) and compares the piglets with littermates produced by traditional cloning (TC). HMC embryos were produced from one fetal cell line, LYxD (Landrace/Yorkshire x Duroc) and TC from another (LYDxLYD). For transfer, 11 sows were weaned, and at cycle stage Day 4 after heat, they were anesthetized in lateral recumbence. Through an abdominal incision 40–60 Days 5–7 embryos (69% HMC + 31% TC) were transferred to the upper uterine horn. The tip of the uterine horn was punctured with a blunt 18G needle and a temporary catheter introduced to absorb the blood before inserting an insemination catheter (J-IUIC-351341 Insemi-Cath; Cook Ireland Ltd., Limerick, Ireland) 5–6 cm into the horn and releasing the embryos. Pregnancy was examined by ultrasonography every second week to Day 100. Caesarian sections were performed at Day 115, 24 h after injection of PGF2 (175 �g Estrumate�; Pitman-Moore Ltd., Harefield, UK). The piglets were fed with 15 mL kg-1/3 h colostrum through a stomach tube for the first 12–24 h, until they were left with their dam. Body weight, blood values (oxygen tension, and glucose and hemoglobin concentrations), and body temperature were recorded at birth, 24 h, and 3 weeks of age. The data were analyzed by Fisher's Exact test and are given as LS means � SEM values with a significance level of P &lt; 0.05. The pregnancy rate was 6/11 (55%), with 2 pregnancies developing to term, 2 ongoing (Day 100 and Day 60), and 2 lost (about Day 35). So far, the litter sizes were 3 (1 TC, 2 HMC) and 10 (2 TC, 8 HMC) live piglets, respectively. The mean birth weight of the TC offspring (1045 � 135 g) was lower than that of the HMC piglets (1614 � 177 g) and that of normal piglets on the farm (1520 � 240 g; P &lt; 0.05). One of the HMC piglets of the first litter was rather oversized (2690 g) and another showed rigid flexure of a carpal joint. All other piglets appeared normal on gross morphology and behavior. Blood values were similar for HMC and TC piglets, but the body temperature at Day 0 (36.3 � 0.2 vs. 35.1 � 1.1�C; P &lt; 0.05) and the daily weight gain during the first week (129 � 21 vs. 74 � 13 g; P = 0.06) tended to be higher for the HMC piglets. After 24 hrs, the mean blood glucose concentration was higher in the HMC than in the TC piglets (6.09 � 0.74 vs. 3.67 � 0.19 mmol L-1) and similar to farm piglets of the same age (6.93 � 0.44 mmol L-1), but the difference was not significant after 3 weeks. These preliminary results demonstrate for the first time that HMC in pigs can result in an acceptable pregnancy rate, birth rate, and litter size. The minor differences in birth weight, weight gain, and blood glucose observed between HMC and TC offspring may be explained by the different cell lines used for the 2 methods, and are under current investigation.

Increase in matrix metalloproteinases from endothelial cells exposed to umbilical cord plasma from high birth weight newborns

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. R1563-R1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlingur Johannsson ◽  
Tore Henriksen ◽  
Per Ole Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cord Plasma ◽  
Increased Risk

Large for gestational age infants have increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in child- and adulthood. The vascular endothelium is a target site in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular disorders. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are important modulators of the extracellular matrix and serve as markers of these disorders. Here, we asked whether umbilical cord plasma of high birth weight (HBW; >4 kg) infants could modulate functional properties of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) compared with plasma from normal birth weight (NBW; 3.1–3.6 kg) infants. To test this, HUVECs were exposed for 48 h to 20% venous cord plasma from HBW or NBW infants. The MMP activity in supernatants of HUVECs exposed to HBW plasma was nearly three times higher ( P < 0.05) than that obtained with NBW plasma. MMP-9, but not MMP-2, protein concentration and mRNA expression were enhanced in HBW ( P < 0.05). With specific blockers, MMP activity and mRNA-MMP-9 were inhibited by ∼60–70%. Cord lipid and insulin concentrations were similar ( P > 0.05) among the two groups. We could not detect any significant differences between the two groups in the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines or specific tissue inhibitors of MMP in plasma or HUVEC supernatants. In conclusion, cord plasma from HBW infants induced more MMP-9 in HUVECs compared with cord plasma from NBW infants. Although not identified, cord plasma of HBW infants may contain factors that increase endothelial cell MMP. These findings may indicate an association between fetal nutritional conditions and endothelial cell functions.

scholarly journals Umbilical arterial profiles as predictors of severity of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Jehangir Allam Bhat ◽  
Sajad Ahmad Sheikh ◽  
Roshan Ara
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Base Deficit ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Group 1

Background: Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a major cause of neurodevelopmental impairment. Umbilical cord blood analysis provides an objective assessment of newborn metabolic status. Accordingly, it is recommended that physicians attempt to obtain venous and arterial samples when there is high risk of neonatal compromise. Objective To compare the predictive value of umbilical arterial blood pH, lactate and base deficit for subsequent development of severity of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after perinatal asphyxia and comparison of these parameters to determine which one is superior in predicting severity. Methods Umbilical cord arterial blood of newborns with perinatal asphyxia was tested for pH, lactate, and base deficit estimation. These newborns were evaluated in level III NICU and divided into two groups. Group 1 had no or signs and symptoms of HIE I and group 2 had signs and symptoms of HIE II/III. Values of pH, lactate, and base deficit were tabulated and analyzed by receiver-operating characteristic curves. Optimal cut-off values were estimated based on the maximal Youden index. Results Mean pH was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1, while lactate and base deficit were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1. Cut-off points for determining severity of HIE were pH <7.13, lactate >6.89 mg/dL, and base deficit >7 mEq/L. Sensitivity and specificity for these cut-off points were 100% and 91.49% for pH, 100% and 85.11% for lactate, and 82.4% and 91.76% for base deficit, respectively. Predictive abilities of all three parameters were similar in determination of HIE severity. Conclusion Umbilical arterial pH, lactate, and base deficit have excellent accuracy to predict the severity of HIE. All three parameters have similarly good predictive ability.

Intrauterine Growth Restriction Alters the Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiles in Small Intestine, Liver and Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Newborn Piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 713-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Tao ◽  
Tianjiao Zhou ◽  
Perot Saelao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yuhua Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Differentially Methylated Genes

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) remains a major problem in swine production since the associated low birth weight leads to high rates of pre-weaning morbidity and mortality, and permanent retardation of growth and development. The underlying regulatory mechanisms from the aspects of epigenetic modification has received widespread attention. Studies explore the changes in genome wide methylation in small intestine (SI), liver and longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) between IUGR and normal birth weight (NBW) newborn piglets using a methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (MeDIP-Seq) approach. The data demonstrated that methylated peaks were prominently distributed in distal intergenic regions and the quantities of peaks in IUGR piglets were more than that of NBW piglets. IUGR piglets had relatively high methylated level in promoters, introns and coding exons in all the three tissues. Through KEGG pathway analysis of differentially methylated genes found that 33, 54 and 5 differentially methylated genes in small intestine, liver and longissimus dorsi muscle between NBW and IUGR piglets, respectively, which are related to development and differentiation, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein turnover, immune response, detoxification, oxidative stress and apoptosis pathway. The objective of this review is to assess the impact of differentially methylation status on developmental delay, metabolic disorders and immune deficiency of IUGR piglets.

scholarly journals Influence of vitamin D serum concentration, prenatal care and social determinants on birth weight: a northeastern Brazilian cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (03) ◽  
pp. 284-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Pereira-Santos ◽  
Gisele Queiroz Carvalho ◽  
Djanilson Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Ana Marlucia Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Vitamin

AbstractThe relationship among social determinants, vitamin D serum concentration and the health and nutrition conditions is an important issue in the healthcare of pregnant women and newborns. Thus, the present study analyses how vitamin D, prenatal monitoring and social determinants are associated with birth weight. The cohort comprised 329 pregnant women, up to 34 weeks gestational age at the time of admission, who were receiving care through the prenatal services of Family Health Units. Structural equation modelling was used in the statistical analysis. The mean birth weight was 3340 (sd 0·545) g. Each nmol increase in maternal vitamin D serum concentration was associated with an increase in birth weight of 3·06 g. Prenatal healthcare with fewer appointments (β −41·49 g, 95 % CI −79·27, −3·71) and late onset of care in the second trimester or third trimester (β −39·24 g, 95 % CI −73·31, −5·16) favoured decreased birth weight. In addition, low socio-economic class and the practice of Afro-Brazilian religions showed a direct association with high vitamin D serum concentrations and an indirect association with high birth weight, respectively. High gestational BMI (β 23·84, 95 % CI 4·37, 43·31), maternal education level (β 24·52 g, 95 % CI 1·82, 47·23) and length of gestation (β 79·71, 95 % CI 52·81; 106·6) resulted in high birth weight. In conclusion, maternal vitamin D serum concentration, social determinants and prenatal care, evaluated in the context of primary healthcare, directly determined birth weight.

scholarly journals Ultrasound evaluation of the fetal fat tissue, heart, liver and umbilical cord measurements in pregnancies complicated by gestational and type 1 diabetes mellitus: potential application in the fetal birth-weight estimation and prediction of the fetal macrosomia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Jan Stanirowski ◽  
Agata Majewska ◽  
Michał Lipa ◽  
Dorota Bomba-Opoń ◽  
Mirosław Wielgoś
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the ultrasound-derived measurements of the fetal soft-tissue, heart, liver and umbilical cord in pregnancies complicated by gestational (GDM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and further to assess their applicability in the estimation of the fetal birth-weight and prediction of fetal macrosomia. Methods Measurements were obtained from diet-controlled GDM (GDMG1) (n = 40), insulin-controlled GDM (GDMG2) (n = 40), T1DM (n = 24) and healthy control (n = 40) patients. The following parameters were selected for analysis: fetal sub-scapular fat mass (SSFM), abdominal fat mass (AFM), mid-thigh fat/lean mass (MTFM/MTLM) and inter-ventricular septum (IVS) thicknesses, heart and thorax circumference and area (HeC/HeA; ThC/ThA), liver length (LL), umbilical cord/vein/arteries circumference and area (UmC/UmA; UvC/UvA; UaC/UaA) together with total umbilical vessels (UveA) and Wharton's jelly area (WjA). Regression models were created in order to assess the contribution of selected parameters to fetal birth-weight (FBW) and risk of fetal macrosomia. Results Measurements of the fetal SSFM, AFM, MTFM, MTFM/MTLM ratio, HeC, HeA, IVS, LL, UmC, UmA, UaC, UaA, UveA and WjA were significantly increased among patients with GDMG2/T1DM as compared to GDMG1 and/or control groups (p < .05). The regression analysis revealed that maternal height as well as fetal biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference (AC), AFM and LL measurements were independent predictors of the FBW (p < .05). In addition, increase in the fetal AFM, AC and femur length (FL) was associated with a significant risk of fetal macrosomia occurrence (p < .05). The equation developed for the FBW estimation [FBW(g) = − 2254,942 + 17,204 * FL (mm) + 105,531 * AC (cm) + 131,347 * AFM (mm)] provided significantly lower mean absolute percent error than standard formula in the sub-group of women with T1DM (5.7% vs 9.4%, p < .05). Moreover, new equation including AC, FL and AFM parameters yielded sensitivity of 93.8%, specificity 77.7%, positive predictive value 54.5% and negative predictive value of 97.8% in the prediction of fetal macrosomia. Conclusions Ultrasound measurements of the fetal soft tissue, heart, liver and umbilical cord are significantly increased among women with GDM treated with insulin and T1DM. In addition to standard biometric measurements, parameters, such as AFM, may find application in the management of diabetes-complicated pregnancies.

scholarly journals Association between serum oestradiol level on the hCG administration day and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET among 3659 singleton live births

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Wanyu Zhang ◽  
Yihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ivf Et ◽  
Group 1

AbstractOestradiol, an important hormone in follicular development and endometrial receptivity, is closely related to clinical outcomes of fresh in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles. A supraphysiologic E2 level is inevitable during controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation (COH), and its effect on the outcome of IVF-ET is controversial. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the association between elevated serum oestradiol (E2) levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET cycles. The data of 3659 infertile patients with fresh IVF-ET cycles were analysed retrospectively between August 2009 and February 2017 in First Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Patients were categorized by serum E2 levels on the day of hCG administration into six groups: group 1 (serum E2 levels ≤ 1000 pg/mL, n = 230), group 2 (serum E2 levels between 1001 and 2000 pg/mL, n = 524), group 3 (serum E2 levels between 2001 and 3000 pg/mL, n = 783), group 4 (serum E2 levels between 3001 and 4000 pg/mL, n = 721), group 5 (serum E2 levels between 4001 and 5000 pg/mL, n = 548 ), and group 6 (serum E2 levels > 5000 pg/mL, n = 852). Univariate linear regression was used to evaluate the independent correlation between each factor and outcome index. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding factors. The LBW rates were as follows: 3.0% (group 1), 2.9% (group 2), 1.9% (group 3), 2.9% (group 4), 2.9% (group 5), and 2.0% (group 6) (P = 0.629), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of neonatal LBW among the six groups. We did not detect an association between peak serum E2 level during ovarian stimulation and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET. The results of this retrospective cohort study showed that serum E2 peak levels during ovarian stimulation were not associated with birth weight during IVF cycles. In addition, no association was found between higher E2 levels and increased LBW risk. Our observations suggest that the hyper-oestrogenic milieu during COS does not seem to have adverse effects on the birthweight of offspring after IVF. Although this study provides some reference, the obstetric-related factors were not included due to historical reasons. The impact of the high estrogen environment during COS on the birth weight of IVF offspring still needs future research.

scholarly journals Low Birth Weight Prevalence in Children Diagnosed with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Dubai

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110317
Author(s):  
Faisal A. Nawaz ◽  
Meshal A. Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Risk Factors ◽  
Perinatal Risk ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of low birth weight and other perinatal risk factors in children diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders. This is one of the first studies in the Arabian Gulf region focused on the contribution of these factors toward the development of various disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and other mental disorders. This descriptive study was based on qualitative data analysis. We reviewed retrospective information from the electronic medical records of 692 patients in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The prevalence of low birth weight in children with mental disorders was significantly higher as compared to the general population (16% vs 6% respectively). Furthermore, other risk factors, including high birth weight and preterm birth were noted to have a significant association with neurodevelopmental disorders. Future research on the impact of perinatal risk factors will contribute to advancement of early intervention guidelines.

Neonatal Outcomes at Extreme Prematurity by Gestational Age Versus Birth Weight in a Contemporary Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Ausbeck ◽  
Phillip Hunter Allman ◽  
Jeff M. Szychowski ◽  
Akila Subramaniam ◽  
Anup Katheria
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Severe Morbidity ◽  
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective The aim of the study is to describe the rates of neonatal death and severe neonatal morbidity in a contemporary cohort, as well as to evaluate the predictive value of birth gestational age (GA) and birth weight, independently and combined, for neonatal mortality and morbidity in the same contemporary cohort. Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of an international, multicenter randomized controlled trial of delayed umbilical cord clamping versus umbilical cord milking in preterm infants born at 23 0/7 to 31 6/7 weeks of gestation. The current analysis was restricted to infants delivered <28 weeks. The primary outcomes of this analysis were neonatal death and a composite of severe neonatal morbidity. Incidence of outcomes was compared by weeks of GA, with planned subanalysis comparing small for gestational age (SGA) versus non-SGA neonates. Multivariable logistic regression was then used to model these outcomes based on birth GA, birth weight, or a combination of both as primary independent predictors to determine which had superior ability to predict outcomes. Results Of 474 neonates in the original trial, 180 (38%) were included in this analysis. Overall, death occurred in 27 (15%) and severe morbidity in 139 (77%) neonates. Rates of mortality and morbidity declined with increasing GA (mortality 54% at 23 vs. 9% at 27 weeks). SGA infants (n = 25) had significantly higher mortality compared with non-SGA infants across all GAs (p < 0.01). There was no difference in the predictive value for neonatal death or severe morbidity between the three prediction options (GA, birth weight, or GA and birth weight). Conclusion Death and severe neonatal morbidity declined with advancing GA, with higher rates of death in SGA infants. Birth GA and birth weight were both good predictors of outcomes; however, combining the two was not more predictive, even in SGA infants. Key Points

Relation of site of umbilical cord insertion and birth weight

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bruyniks ◽  
T. Y. Khong ◽  
R Leong
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Insertion
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