scholarly journals Alleviation of salt stress in citrus seedlings inoculated with mycorrhiza: changes in leaf antioxidant defense systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.S. Wu ◽  
Y.N. Zou ◽  
W. Liu ◽  
X.F. Ye ◽  
H.F. Zai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Citrus is a salt-sensitive plant. In the present study, the salt stress ameliorating the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi through antioxidant defense systems was reported. Three-month-old trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings colonized by Glomus mosseae or G. versiforme were irrigated with 0 and 100 mmol NaCl solutions. After 49 days of salinity, mycorrhizal structures were obviously restrained by salt stress. Mycorrhizal inoculation especially G. mosseae significantly alleviated the growth reduction of salinity. There were notably lower malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents in the leaves of mycorrhizal seedlings than in non-mycorrhizal ones. Mycorrhizal seedlings recorded notably greater activity of catalase and contents of ascorbate, soluble protein and glutathione under salinity or non-salinity conditions. The seedlings colonized by G. mosseae showed significantly higher antioxidant defense systems response to salinity than by G. versiforme. Our data demonstrate that mycorrhizal (especially G. mosseae) citrus seedlings exhibited greater efficient antioxidant defense systems, which provide better protection against salt damage.

scholarly journals Seed Treatment with Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 Promotes Wheat Seedling Growth under NaCl Stress Through Activating the Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidant Defense Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuwu Zhang ◽  
Bingliang Xu ◽  
Yantai Gan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Different Levels

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting crop growth and productivity worldwide. Species of Trichoderma are widely recognized for their bio-control abilities, but little information is regarding to the ability and mechanisms of their promoting plant growth and enhancing plant tolerance to different levels of salt stress. Hence, we determined (i) the role of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 (TL-6) in promoting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination and seedling growth under different levels of salt stress, and (ii) the mechanisms responsible for the enhanced tolerance of wheat to salt stress by TL-6. Wheat seeds treated with or without TL-6 were grown under different levels of salt stress in controlled environmental conditions. As such, the TL-6 treatments promoted seed germination and increased the shoot and root weights of wheat seedlings under both non-stress and salt-stress conditions. Wheat seedlings with TL-6 treatments under different levels of NaCl stress increased proline content by an average of 11%, ascorbate 15%, and glutathione 28%; and decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) by an average of 19% and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 13%. The TL-6 treatments induced the transcriptional level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, leading to the increases of glutathione s-transferase (GST) by an average of 17%, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 16%, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) 17%, glutathione reductase (GR) 18%, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) 5%. Our results indicate that the beneficial strain of TL-6 effectively scavenged ROS under NaCl stress through modulating the activity of ROS scavenging enzymes, regulating the transcriptional levels of ROS scavenging enzyme gene expression, and enhancing the nonenzymatic antioxidants in wheat seedling in response to salt stress. Our present study provides a new insight into the mechanisms of TL-6 can activate the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems and enhance wheat seedling tolerance to different levels of salt stress at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels.

scholarly journals Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and pesticides on Cynara cardunculus growth

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MARIN ◽  
M. YBARRA ◽  
A. FÉ
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Wild Cardoon ◽  
Glomus Sp

Wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a promising crop for biomass production. A nursery trial was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation on the biomass yield of wild cardoon seedlings and the effect of the pesticides fosetyl-Al, folpet and propamocarb, as fungicides, and isofenphos, phoxim and oxamyl, as insecticides, on cardoon plant growth and the mycorrhization. The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inocula were: commercial inoculum with Glomus mosseae spores, and an inoculum of a Glomus sp. strain (AMF-i) isolated locally. Mycorrhizal inoculation with either inoculum increased cardoon shoot biomass compared to non-inoculated control plants. The pesticide applications had a neutral or positive effect on cardoon seedling growth. However, the AM fungi colonisation did not decrease except for plants colonised by G. mosseae and treated with the insecticides isofenphos and oxamyl. Thus, the mycorrhiza can survive to pesticide concentrations employed in commercial nursery, and enhance cardoon plant productivity.

Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Sucrose Metabolism of Citrus Seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3406-3409
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Ying Ning Zou ◽  
Yong Ming Huang ◽  
Qiang Sheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Sucrose Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Citrus Junos ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomus mosseae) on plant dry weights, sucrose and glucose concentrations, and sucrose-metabolizing enzyme (AI-acid invertase; NI-neutral invertase; SS-sucrose synthase) activities were examined in young citrus (Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka) seedlings. After three months of mycorrhizal inoculation, root mycorrhizal colonization was 55.32%. Inoculation with G. mosseae significantly increased shoot and root dry weights and sucrose and glucose concentrations in leaf and root, compared with non-AMF seedlings. AMF colonization was significantly positively correlated with glucose and sucrose concentrations of leaf and root, suggesting that AM symbosis alters carbohydrate concentrations to sustain symbiosis development. On the other hand, AMF colonization significantly increased root AI and leaf SS activities, but decreased leaf AI and NI activities and root NI and SS activities. Based on the correlation analysis, it assumes that AMF regulated the carbohydrate concentrations for the plant growth and mycorrhizal development through altering activities of the sucrose-metabolizing enzymes.

scholarly journals The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus viscosum Improves the Tolerance to Verticillium Wilt in Artichoke by Modulating the Antioxidant Defense Systems

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1944
Author(s):  
Alessandra Villani ◽  
Franca Tommasi ◽  
Costantino Paciolla
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is the most severe disease that threatens artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may represent a useful biological control strategy against this pathogen attack, replacing chemical compounds that, up to now, have been not very effective. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the AMF Glomus viscosum Nicolson in enhancing the plant tolerance towards the pathogen V. dahliae. The role of the ascorbate-glutathione (ASC-GSH) cycle and other antioxidant systems involved in the complex network of the pathogen-fungi-plant interaction have been investigated. The results obtained showed that the AMF G. viscosum is able to enhance the defense antioxidant systems in artichoke plants affected by V. dahliae, alleviating the oxidative stress symptoms. AMF-inoculated plants exhibited significant increases in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, a higher content of ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH), and a decrease in the levels of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hence, G. viscosum may represent an effective strategy for mitigating V. dahliae pathogenicity in artichokes, enhancing the plant defense systems, and improving the nutritional values and benefit to human health.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate salt stress in lupine (Lupinus termis Forsik) through modulation of antioxidant defense systems and physiological traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Hashem ◽  
Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah ◽  
Abdilaziz A. Alqarawi ◽  
Stephan Wirth ◽  
Dilfuza Egamberdieva
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lupinus Termis

The present study was carried with the aim to demonstrate and examine the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth, anti-oxidants metabolism and some key physio-biochemical attributes including the osmotic constituents in <italic>Lupinus termis</italic> exposed to salt stress. Salt stress (250 mM NaCl) reduced growth, AMF colonisation, relative water content and chlorophyll pigment content. However, AMF ameliorated the negative effect of salinity on these growth parameters. Salt stress increased the activities of key antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD). Inoculation of AMF enhanced the activities of these enzymes and caused an increase in the accumulation of osmotic components resulting in the maintainence of tissue water content. Proline, glycine betaine and sugars increased with salinity stress and AMF inoculation. Plants subjected to salt stress showed considerable variations in the endogenous levels of growth hormones. Reduced lipid peroxidation and increased membrane stability in AMF inoculated plants and enhanced activity of anti-oxidants enzymes confers the role of AMF in assuaging the salt stress induced deleterious effects.

scholarly journals Studies on salt stress tolerance of citrus rootstock genotypes with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A Murkute ◽  
S. Sharma ◽  
S. K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Citrus Rootstock

Citrus is grouped under the salt sensitive crops. Mycorrhizal fungi, a symbiotic relationship between plant roots and beneficial fungi, are supposed to impart the stress tolerance in the host plants. The stress tolerance improved due to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) colonization can be attributed to enhanced mineral nutrition. In the present study the efforts are made to evaluate the effectiveness of AM fungi with two citrus genotypes under salt stress. Three-month-old seedlings of Karna Khatta (Citrus Karna) and Troyer Citrange (Poncirus trifoliata &times; Citrus sinensis) were inoculated with the indigenous soil based AM inocula (mixed strains). The salinity gradient was developed by frequent irrigation with NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150 mM w/v). The results indicated that all the physical parameters were affected with increasing salinity. The proline accumulation increased while the chlorophyll, calcium and magnesium contents decreased significantly with increasing salinity. In general, the decreased AM colonization did not show any significant effects under salt stress. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Cell Chloroplasts of Maize Plants (Zea mays L.) Exposed to Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
N. Aliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Sheath Cell ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cell ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Maize Plants

Antioxidant defense systems have been studied in the mesophyll (MC) and bundle sheath cell (BSC) chloroplasts of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves cultivated in an artificial climate chamber under various concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%) of NaCl. The amounts of some of the main products of lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APO) were determined in MC and BSC chloroplasts. BSC chloroplasts were found to be more tolerant to salt stress compared with MC chloroplasts. The MDA amount increased in both chloroplasts. H2O2 was found to be localized mainly in MC chloroplasts at various NaCl concentrations. The SOD and APO activities increased in both chloroplasts of the plants exposed to salt stress.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizas Regulate Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidant Defense Systems to Mediate Salt Tolerance in Maize

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1430
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Liyan Liang ◽  
Baoxing Liu ◽  
Di Huang ◽  
Shuo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

Salt stress inhibits photosynthetic process and triggers excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study examined the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association in regulating photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant activity in leaves of two maize genotypes (salt-tolerant JD52 and salt-sensitive FSY1) exposed to salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in soils for 21 days. The leaf water content, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic capacity in non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants were decreased by salt stress, especially in FSY1, with less reduction in AM plants than NM plants. Salinity increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)) in both genotypes regardless of AM inoculation, but decreased the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA)), especially in FSY1, with less decrease in AM plants than NM plants. The AM plants, especially JD52, maintained higher photosynthetic capacity, CO2 fixation efficiency, and ability to preserve membrane integrity than NM plants under salt stress, as also indicated by the higher antioxidant contents and lower malondialdehyde (MDA)/electrolyte leakage in leaves. To conclude, the higher salt tolerance in AM plants correlates with the alleviation of salinity-induced oxidative stress and membrane damage, and the better performance of photosynthesis could have also contributed to this effect through reduced ROS formation. The greater improvements in photosynthetic processes and antioxidant defense systems by AM fungi in FSY1 than JD52 under salinity demonstrate genotypic variation in antioxidant defenses for mycorrhizal amelioration of salt stress.

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