Species level identification of thermotolerant campylobacters&nbsp;

The aim of this study was to compare the phenotypic and genotypic based methods for species identification of thermotolerant campylobacters of human and food origin from the Czech Republic. Phenotypic methods are time-consuming and sometimes lead to intermediate results, therefore replacement by more specific and rapid methods are needed. Out of a total of 911 campylobacter strains tested, 800 human isolates were received from the clinical bacteriology laboratories from 5 regions and 111 foodstuff isolates (raw chicken and pork meat from retail market) originated from the routine examination in our laboratory. Based on the PCR method 85.1% of these strains were identified as C. jejuni, 12.5% as C. coli and 2.3% as mixed cultures of C. jejuni and C. coli. When species determination of campylobacters was based on conventional methods (hippurate hydrolysis test), 28.5% of the isolates were not identified correctly. The mixed cultures of campylobacters have not been detected without further subculturing of strains, which takes several days and enormously extends the identification process. The use of the PCR method showed to be a useful tool for species identification of Campylobacter spp.

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Multiplex PCR assay to discriminate four neighbouring species of the Calliptamus genus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from France

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485310000052 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. 701-706 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E. Blanchet ◽

L. Blondin ◽

P.A. Gagnaire ◽

A. Foucart ◽

J.M. Vassal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Species Identification ◽

Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Species Determination ◽

Southern France ◽

Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Definition Of ◽

Cytochrome Oxydase

AbstractDefinition of the genus Calliptamus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) has generated many taxonomic debates. Even now, the existence of different geographical morphs hinders species determination, particularly as concerns females and larvae. Some of these species are observed in southern France and are recognized as potential pests. To circumvent problems of species identification in ecological surveys, we developed a single multiplex PCR method based on mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxydase I diagnostic polymorphisms to differentiate between the four species, Calliptamus italicus, C. wattenwylianus, C. siciliae and C. barbarus, in southern regions of France.

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Foodstuffs. Determination of elements and their chemical species. Determination of inorganic arsenic in foodstuffs of marine and plant origin by anion-exchange HPLC-ICP-MS

10.3403/30267878 ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Anion Exchange ◽

Chemical Species ◽

Inorganic Arsenic ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Species Determination ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Anion Exchange Hplc

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Foodstuffs - Determination elements and their chemical species - Determination of aluminium by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectometry (ICP-OES)

10.3403/30373495 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Chemical Species ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Icp Oes ◽

Species Determination ◽

Inductively Coupled

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Research of the Disparities in the Process of Revitalization of Brownfields in Small Towns and Cities

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1232

Author(s):

Natalie Szeligova ◽

Marek Teichmann ◽

Frantisek Kuda

Keyword(s):

Small Towns ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Essential Step ◽

Community Strength ◽

Population Turnover ◽

Subsequent Application ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

The Subject ◽

Relevant Factors

The subject of the work is the research on relevant factors influencing participation in the success of brownfield revitalization, especially in the territory of small municipalities. Research has so far dealt with the issue of determining disparities in the municipalities of the Czech Republic, not excluding small municipalities, but their subsequent application has usually been presented in larger cities. The focus on smaller municipalities or cities was usually addressed only in general. The introduction provides an overview of theoretical knowledge in the field of brownfield revitalization. Defining the level of knowledge of the monitored issues is an essential step for the purposes of more effective determination of disparities. Disparities will be determined on the basis of information on localities that have been successfully revitalized. The identified disparities are then monitored in the territory of small municipalities. For the purposes of processing, it was determined that a small municipality or city is an area with a maximum of 5000 inhabitants. Using appropriately selected statistical methods, an overview of disparities and their weights is determined, which significantly affect the success of revitalization. In small municipalities, the issue of brownfields is not emphasized but, in terms of maintaining community strength and reducing population turnover, the reuse of brownfields is a crucial theme.

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Dynamics of the Degradation of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Herbicides in Vegetables

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10020405 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 405

Author(s):

Miroslav Jursík ◽

Kateřina Hamouzová ◽

Jana Hajšlová

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Growing Season ◽

Field Trials ◽

Baby Food ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Herbicide Residues ◽

Harvest Intervals ◽

Small Plot

(1) Background: Aryloxyphenoxy-propionates and cyclohexanediones are herbicides most widely used in dicot crops worldwide. The main objective of the study was to determine the dynamics of herbicide residues in carrot, lettuce, cauliflower, and onion in order to suggest a low level of residues in harvested vegetables. (2) Methods: Small plot field trials were carried out in four vegetables in the Czech Republic. The samples of vegetables were collected continuously during the growing season. Multiresidue methods for the determination of herbicide residues by LC-MS/MS were used. Non-linear models of degradation of individual herbicides in vegetables were calculated using the exponential decay formula. Action GAP pre-harvest intervals for the 25% and 50% maximum residue limit (MRL) and 10 µg kg−1 limit (baby food) were established for all tested herbicides. (3) Results: The degradation dynamics of fluazifop in carrot, onion, and cauliflower was significantly slower compared to quizalofop and haloxyfop. The highest amount (2796 µg kg−1) of fluazifop residues was detected in cauliflower 11 days after application. No residue of propaquizafop and cycloxydim was detected in any vegetable samples. (4) Conclusions: Aryloxyphenoxy-propionate herbicide (except propaquizafop) could contaminate vegetables easily, especially vegetables with a short growing season. Vegetables treated with fluazifop are not suitable for baby food. Lettuce and cauliflower treated by quizalofop are not suitable for baby food, but in onion and carrot, quizalofop could be used. Propaquizafop and cycloxydim are prospective herbicides for non-residual (baby food) vegetable production.

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Study of the Biodegrability of Degradable/Biodegradable Plastic Material in a Controlled Composting Environment

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S ◽

10.2478/v10216-011-0025-8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 347-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Magdalena Vaverková ◽

František Toman ◽

Dana Adamcová ◽

Jana Kotovicová

Keyword(s):

Plastic Material ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Biodegradable Plastic ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Chain Stores ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Plastic Materials ◽

Scale Test

Study of the Biodegrability of Degradable/Biodegradable Plastic Material in a Controlled Composting EnvironmentThe objective of this study was to determine the degrability/biodegradability of disposable plastic bags available on the market that are labeled as degradable/biodegradable and those certified as compost. The investigated materials were obtained from chain stores in the Czech Republic and Poland. Seven kinds of bags (commercially available) were used in this study. One of them was a disposable bag made of HDPE and mixed with totally degradable plastic additive (TDPA additive). Another was a disposable made of polyethylene with the addition of pro-oxidant additive (d2w additive). One was labeled as 100% degradable within various periods of time, from three months up to three years, and four were certified as compostable. The test was carried out in a controlled composting environment. The biodisintegration degree of the obtained pieces was evaluated following a modified version of ČSN EN 14806 Norm "Packaging - Preliminary evaluation of the disintegration of the packaging materials under simulated composting conditions in a laboratory scale test" and a modified version of ČSN EN ISO 20200 "Plastics - Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials under simulated composting conditions in laboratory-scale test" (ISO 20200:2004). The emphasis was put on determination whether the bags are degradable/biodegradable or not.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry Carcasses in Poland

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-035 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 76 (8) ◽

pp. 1451-1455 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

KINGA WIECZOREK ◽

IWONA KANIA ◽

JACEK OSEK

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

23S Rrna ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Gyra Gene ◽

23S Rrna Gene ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Almost All ◽

Campylobacter Spp

The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry carcasses at slaughter in Poland. For the isolated strains, resistance to selected antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants were identified. A total of 498 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 802 poultry samples during the 2-year study period. Strains were identified to species with the PCR method; 53.6% of the strains were Campylobacter jejuni and 46.4% were Campylobacter coli. A high percentage of the tested Campylobacter strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid (74.1 and 73.5%, respectively) followed by tetracycline (47.4%) and streptomycin (20.5%). Only one C. jejuni and two C. coli isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Seventy-nine (15.9%) of the 498 strains were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics examined. Higher levels of resistance, irrespective of the antimicrobial agent tested, were found within the C. coli group. Almost all strains resistant to quinolones (99.5%) and to tetracycline (99.6%) carried the Thr-86-to-Ile mutation in the gyrA gene and possessed the tet(O) marker, respectively. All isolates resistant to erythromycin had the A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. These results reveal that poultry carcasses in Poland are a reservoir of potentially pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains for humans, which may pose a public health risk.

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Determination of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. by viability-qPCR in a poultry slaughterhouse and in retail

10.1399/eps.2021.337 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

E. Telli* ◽

G. Uçar ◽

G. Sönmez ◽

N. Telli ◽

G. Turkal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Spp

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A Comparative Analysis of the Power of Selected European Countries. The Economic Determinants

Security Dimensions ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.3291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (37) ◽

pp. 22-42

Author(s):

Alicja Paluch ◽

Henryk Spustek

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

European Countries ◽

Economic Power ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Economic Sphere ◽

National Power

The ever-increasing need for in-depth analysis and quantification of the national power, in particular ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ power-generating factors as well as difficulties in identifying a comprehensive and effective method for scientific determination of the national power, have given rise to research in the indicated scientific issues within this article. The presented considerations aim to define the assumptions for a descriptive sub-model that would enable a comparison of Poland’s power in the economic sphere (which is a component of the non-military sphere) with the power of selected European countries. The research hypothesis is that, among the variety of descriptive variables in the economic sphere of the national power, there is a subset of mutually independent variables, at the same time strongly correlated with the national power, which make it possible to define assumptions for the sub-model of the national power. The steps of the research procedure were carried out using the method of system analysis (multi-criteria comparative analysis) and statistical analysis. The research activities undertaken have shown that the factors that are strongly correlated with the national power in the economic area of the European countries adopted for the analysis are: dynamics of industrial production, private sector credit flows and economic freedom index. The comparative analysis carried out demonstrates that the greatest increase in the economic power in the analysed period took place in Germany (0.68). Slightly smaller growth was recorded in the Czech Republic (0.62) and Poland (0.60), while the lowest value of increase was in Romania (0.23). The conducted qualitative comparative analysis of the economic power of selected European countries allowed to conclude that the independent variables identified are crucial for the formation of the economic power of the analysed countries. At the same time, a fairly strong position of the Czech Republic and Poland in relation to the economic power of Germany was found. The performed quantification of the economic power of the European countries provides a basis for the correct determination of changes in the power distribution of political units, assessment of the power and resources held by the state.

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