scholarly journals Localization of immunoreactivities for neuropeptides and neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzymes in the pterygopalatine ganglion of the pig

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
P. Podlasz ◽  
K. Wąsowicz ◽  
J. Kaleczyc ◽  
M. Łakomy ◽  
R. Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Single Nerve Cell ◽  
Weak Staining ◽  
Single Nerve ◽  
Pterygopalatine Ganglion ◽  
Strong Immunoreactivity ◽  
Active Substances

Study on the presence of the selected biologically active substances in nerve structures of the porcine pterygopalatine ganglion was performed with the use of immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. All neurons in the ganglion were ChAT-, VAChT-, NOS- and VIP- positive. However, some neurons displayed strong immunoreactivity, while in other neurons, immunoreactivity was moderate, or weak. Somatostatin (SOM) was present in approx. 11% of neurons. Tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH-positive) neurons were not detected, although in single nerve cell bodies, TH antibody revealed very weak staining which could be attributed to some residual TH immunoreactivity. Immunoreactivity to NPY was found in 25% of all neuronal perikarya while PACAP was present only in 2–3% of them. More numerous neurons (6%) contained immunoreactivity to GAL. No neurons stained for SP or CGRP. Numerous ChAT-, VAChT-, NOS-, VIP-, and PACAP-positive, scarce SP and CGRP-positive, single SOM-, NPY- and GAL-positive nerve fibers were observed throughout the ganglion. No TH immunoreactivity was found in the nerve fibres. RT-PCR detected strong signal of the transcripts of ChAT, SOM, NOS, VIP, NPY, PACAP, and GAL. Only very weak signal was observed in case of TH, SP and CGRP. No RT-PCR was performed for VAChT message.

scholarly journals Neurochemical characteristics of paracervical ganglion in the pig

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Podlasz ◽  
K. Wasowicz
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Sif Cells ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Active Substances

A study on the presence of the selected biologically active substances in nerve structures of the paracervical ganglion in the pig was performed with the use of immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical methods revealed that 23% of paracervical ganglion (PCG) neurons contain both tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) and that the remaining 77% contain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). 73% of TH/DβH neurons contained neuropeptide Y (NPY) and 8% contained somatostatin (Som). All ChAT/VAChT positive neurons contained vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), 87% of them contained Som, 76% contained NPY and 32% contained neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Galanin (Gal) was found only in small cells, which were thought to be SIF cells. No pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)- or substance P (SP)-positive neurons were found in PCG. Some areas of PCG contained dense plexuses of ChAT- and VAChT-positive nerve fibres. In the ganglion small number of TH-, nNOS-, NPY-, VIP-, Gal-, PACAP-, Som- and SP-positive nerve fibres was also visible. RT-PCR detected the presence of mRNA for TH, ChAT, nNOS, NPY, VIP, Gal and Som, which were visualised as clearly discernible bands on a gel. In cases of PACAP and SP only weak bands were observed.

Morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics of the pterygopalatine ganglion in the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger, Molina)

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Szczurkowski ◽  
W. Sienkiewicz ◽  
J. Kuchinka ◽  
J. Kaleczyc
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Maxillary Nerve ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Single Nerve ◽  
Pterygopalatine Ganglion ◽  
Ganglionated Plexus ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Abstract Histological and histochemical investigations revealed that the pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) in the chinchilla is a structure closely connected with the maxillary nerve. Macro-morphological observations disclosed two different forms of the ganglion: an elongated stripe representing single agglomeration of nerve cells, and a ganglionated plexus comprising smaller aggregations of neurocytes connected with nerve fibres. Immunohistochemistry revealed that nearly 80% of neuronal cell bodies in PPG stained for acetylcholine transferase (CHAT) but only about 50% contained immunoreactivity to vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT). Many neurons (40%) were vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-positive. Double-staining demonstrated that approximately 20% of the VIP-immunoreactive neurons were VACHT-negative. Some neurons (10%) in PPG were simultaneously VACHT/nitric oxide synthase (NOS)- or Met-enkephaline (Met-ENK)/CHAT-positive, respectively. A small number of the perikarya stained for somatostatin (SOM) and solitary nerve cell bodies expressed Leu-ENK- and galanin-immunoreactivity. Interestingly about 5-8% of PPG neurons exhibited immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Intraganglionic nerve fibres containing immunoreactivity to VACHT-, VIP- and Met-ENK- were numerous, those stained for calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)- and substance P (SP)- were scarce, and single nerve terminals were TH-, GAL-, VIP- and NOS-positive.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical characterisation of cholinergic nerve fibres supplying accessory genital glands in the pig 

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Klimczuk ◽  
J. Kaleczyc ◽  
A. Franke-Radowiecka ◽  
K. Czaja ◽  
P. Podlasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cholinergic Innervation ◽  
Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Cholinergic Nerve ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Immunohistochemical Characterisation

Our previous immunohistochemical investigations revealed three major populations of nerve fibres supplying the porcine accessory genital glands (AGG) including noradrenergic, non-noradrenergic putative cholinergic and sensory nerve terminals (Kaleczyc et al., 1997). However, it is still unclear whether the non-noradrenergic nerve fibres are cholinergic in nature. The knowledge of the population of cholinergic nerve fibres in mammalian AGG based upon vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) immunohistochemistry is very limited. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to disclose the occurrence and colocalization patterns of VAChT, dopamineâ-hydroxylase (DβH) and some neuropeptides including vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and somatostatin (SOM) within nerve fibres supplying the porcine AGG. Double-immunohistochemical labellings showed that VAChT-positive nerve terminals were non-adrenergic (DâH-negative), however, many of them contained immunoreactivities to VIP, NPY and/or SOM. The coexistence patterns of these biologically active substances in nerve fibres supplying particular glands are similar but the density of cholinergic innervation varies between the organs. The innervation of the seminal vesicle and prostatic body is better developed than that of the disseminated part of the prostate and bulbourethral glands. The majority of cholinergic nerve fibres associated with blood vessels supplying the glands contain VIP and NPY and, to a lesser degree, SOM. The possible function and origin of the cholinergic nerve fibre population are discussed.

Neutral Lipids of Oats Fruit (Avena Sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
N. K. Yuldasheva ◽  
S. D. Gusakova ◽  
D. Kh. Nurullaeva ◽  
N. T. Farmanova ◽  
R. P. Zakirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction. Lipids are a widespread group of biologically active substances in nature, making up the bulk of the organic substances of all living organisms. They accumulate in plants in seeds, as well as in fruits and perform a number of vital functions: they are the main components of cell membranes and the energy reserve for the body.Aim. Study of neutral lipids of sown oats (Avena sativa L.).Materials and methods. The objects of the study were fruits (grains) of oats of the sown variety "Tashkent 1," harvested in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Results and discussions. Neutral lipids of oat grains have been found to contain 13 fatty acids with a predominance of the sum of oleic, linolenic and linoleic acids. The total degree of unsaturation was almost 78%. Absorption bands characteristic of these substances were observed in the IR spectrum of MEGC.Conclusion. According to the results of the NL analysis, oat grains consisted of triacylglycerides and free LCDs, which were accompanied by hydrocarbons, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tocopherols.

Microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of Argentine Islands Region: Data from the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
T. O. Kondratiuk ◽  
T. V. Beregova ◽  
I. Yu. Parnikoza ◽  
S. Y. Kondratyuk ◽  
A. Thell
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Rhodotorula Rubra ◽  
Yeast Fungi ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Geomyces Pannorum ◽  
Active Substances

The identification of the diversity of microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of the Argentine Islands in specimens collected during the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition was the purpose of this work. Samples of rock, soil, mosses and lichens of rock micro-habitats of “Crustose lichen sub-formation and fruticose lichen and moss cushion sub-formation” were used in the work. These samples were used for extracting and cultivation of filamentous fungi on dense nutrient media. Determination of physiological and biochemical characteristics and identification of yeast-like fungi were performed using a microbiological analyser ‘Vitek-2’ (‘Bio Merieux’, France). Cultivation of microorganisms was carried out at temperatures from +2 to +37 °C. In results cultures of microscopic fungi of Zygomycota (Mucor circinelloides), Ascomycota (species of the genera cf. Tlielebolus, Talaromyces), representatives of the Anamorphic fungi group (Geomyces pannorum, species of the genera Alternaria, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium) were isolated from Antarctic samples. Microscopic fungi Penicillium spp. were dominated after the frequency in the studied samples (54.5%). Rhodotorula rubra and Candida sp. among isolated yeast fungi, and dark pigmented fungi represented by Aureobasidium pulhdans and Exophiala spp. were identified. The biological properties of a number of isolated fungi (the potential ability to synthesise important biologically active substances: melanins, carotenoids, lipids) are characterised. Mycobiota of rock communities of Argentine Islands is rich on filamentous and yeast fungi similarly to other regions of Antarctica. A number of fungi investigated are potentially able to synthesise biologically active substances. The dark pigmented species of the genera Cladosporium, Exophiala, Aureobasidium pulhdans, capable of melanin synthesis; ‘red’ yeast Rhodotorula rubra (carotenoid producers and resistant to toxic metals); Mucor circinelloides and Geomyces pannorum, lipid producers, are among these fungi. Yeast-like fungi assimilated a wide range of carbohydrates, which will allow them to be further used for cultivation in laboratory and process conditions. The collection of technologically promising strains of microorganisms, part of the Culture Collection of Fungi at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine), is updated with isolated species (strains) of filamentous fungi and yeast – potential producers of biologically active substances, obtained within this study.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

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