scholarly journals Effect of early nutritional experience on the feeding behaviour of adult female rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 10 - 11) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Šefčíková ◽  
Š. Mozeš
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Ad Libitum

In the present paper the effect of postnatal undernutrition on feeding behaviour has been evaluated in mature female Wistar rats subjected to food restriction a) during the suckling period, i. e. up to day 15 (SR), b) during the weaning period from day 15 to 30 (WR), c) throughout 30 days post partum (SWR) and d) during adulthood, i.e. from day 60–75 of life (AR). In comparison with the ad libitum fed controls (C), the lactating mothers and the pups of the food-restricted groups were allowed free access to food for only two hours daily. In experimental groups this restriction was then changed to an ad libitum regime. On day 90 food intake was evalu-ated daily in five 20 min lasting sessions after 23 h of fasting in group-housed and single-housed rats exposed to their home as well as to their experimental environment. The significantly decreased body weight found on day 30 and 90 in females coming from litters of restrictedly fed mothers, as compared with those fed ad libitum, showed that these animals were considerably undernourished. Appetitive motivation increased in those groups of females that had been exposed to a restricted feeding regime during their infant period but remained unaffected in females restrictedly fed during their adult age. In comparison with the ad libitum fed controls and AR groups, significantly increased mean food intake was observed in all postnatally underfed groups (P < 0.001). The greatest inclination to hyperphagia and qualitative changes in feeding behaviour were observed in SWR females whose feeding regime was restricted for the longest time, i. e. during the suckling and the weaning period, as compared to groups with shorter food restriction. These animals showed hyperphagia even in the new environment regardless whether the whole group or only one female was tested. Our results reveal a) a determinant influence of the feeding regime of the animals at early age (41%) while environmental and social factors represent only about 17% and 4%, respectively and that b) changes in feeding habits in adult female rats may significantly depend on the length of postnatal undernutrition.

Effect of diurnally fluctuating high ambient temperatures on performance and feeding behaviour of multiparous lactating sows

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Quiniou ◽  
D. Renaudeau ◽  
S. Dubois ◽  
J. Noblet
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractForty-two multiparous Large White sows were used to investigate the effect of diurnally fluctuating temperature (T) on lactation performance and feeding behaviour. The animals were allocated to one of the four thermic treatments: constant T at 25°C (25C) and 29°C (29C) or equal-mean diurnal cyclic T varying from 21 to 29°C (25V) and from 25 to 33°C (29V). Photoperiod was fixed to 14 h of light. The sows were given food ad libitum between the 7th and the 19th day post partům. Lactation performance was measured for all sows whereas the feeding behaviour was recorded only on 28 sows. The ad libitum food intake was comparable at 25C and 25V (6•31 kg/day) as were milk production and body reserves mobilization. In contrast, food intake at 29V was higher than at 29C (4•53 v. 3•48 kg/day) with no difference in milk production between the two treatments. The increased daily food intake at 29V resulted from higher intakes over the coolest periods of the day and especially during the dark period. Neither meal size nor daily number of meals were significantly affected by T. Feeding behaviour was mainly diurnal but with differences between treatments: 0•90 of total food intake at 29C v. 0•78 at the other three T It appears that the effects of diurnally fluctuating T on lactation performance of sows depend on the mean level of T

THE INFLUENCE OF SUCKLING ON FOOD INTAKE AND GROWTH OF ADULT FEMALE RATS

1954 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MARY COTES ◽  
B. A. CROSS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Main Factor

SUMMARY Changes in body weight and food intake were studied for 14 days post partum in primiparous rats. The growth increments in suckled rats with galactophores cut to prevent milk withdrawal and in normally lactating rats were greater than in unsuckled controls. The growth increments in rats with galactophores cut were accompanied by parallel increases in food intake. Injection of 3 i.u. prolactin daily did not reproduce these changes in body weight and food intake in non-suckled rats. The results suggest that the main factor in the extra growth of lactating rats is an increased food intake in excess of the metabolic needs for milk secretion induced by the stimulus of suckling.

scholarly journals Changes in Body Composition and Efficiency of Food Utilization for Growth in Young Adult Female Rats Before, During and After a Period of Food Restriction

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Williams ◽  
W Senior
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Ad Libitum

Changes in body composition were studied in three groups of young adult female rats; the treatments were (1) ad libitum food intake to obtain normal growth, (2) restricted food intake to cause body weight loss, and (3) restricted followed by ad libitum food intake to obtain recovery of lost body weight.

scholarly journals The effect of malnutrition on the metabolic response to surgery

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Emery ◽  
Ali R. Bosagh Zadeh ◽  
Anna Wasylyk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Unoperated Control ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Ad Libitum

The effect of previous malnutrition on the metabolic response to surgical hysterectomy was investigated in adult female rats. Malnutrition was achieved by feeding a 20 g protein/kg diet and restricting food intake to 50 % of normal. This dietary regimen was maintained for 3 weeks before surgery and for 4 d after surgery. Unoperated control rats were pair-fed with the hysterectomized rats after surgery. Energy balance was measured by the comparative carcass technique and, in a second experiment, urinary N excretion was measured. Surgery caused energy expenditure to increase by 37 % in ad libitum-fed rats but in malnourished rats it increased by only 22 %. Urinary N excretion rose immediately after surgery. In the ad libitum-fed rats it was on average 85 % greater in hysterectomized rats than controls for the first 3 d after surgery, whereas in the restricted rats it was 74 % greater on the first day and not significantly elevated thereafter. Thus, malnutrition attenuated the metabolic response to surgery but did not abolish it completely.

Short-term hormonal responses to food intake in peripubertal female rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (1) ◽  
pp. R25-R31 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Bronson ◽  
P. D. Heideman
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

These studies focused on the phenomenon of "catch-up" pubertal development. Circulating levels of several hormones were characterized in 8-wk-old female rats whose growth and reproductive development had been blocked before puberty by restricting their food intake. Some of these females were fed ad libitum for 24 h to initiate rapid pubertal development. Blood levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) were suppressed by food restriction and then partially restored to adult diestrus levels by 24 h of ad libitum feeding. Prolactin titers were also suppressed by food restriction but not significantly elevated by 24 h of ad libitum feeding. Circulating levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were unaffected by either treatment. It is concluded that GH could play an active supplementary role to LH in eliciting catch-up pubertal development but that FSH and TSH could play only passive roles at best. The role of prolactin remains uncertain. On a finer time scale, when food-restricted females were examined in relation to the time of day at which they were fed, most showed high-amplitude LH pulses 2-4 h after eating but rarely at any other time. Thus under some conditions LH secretion can be modulated by food intake on an almost hour-by-hour basis. Overall, blood levels of corticosterone were generally but not always inversely correlated with the frequency of LH pulsing in these experiments. Finally, the present results argue against the concept that puberty is dependent on a critical whole body characteristic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals The Effect of Semi-Starvation on the Digestibility of Food in Young Adult Female Rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Williams ◽  
W Senior
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Second Period

The apparent digestibilities of organic matter, protein, lipid and carbohydrate of a laboratory chow were determined in young adult female rats fed ad libitum, after losing 40-50%body weight and prolonging the loss for up to 15 weeks, and while recovering the lost body weight during .. a second period of ad libitum food intake.

A comparison of the effects of body condition and short-term food restriction on the feeding behaviour of sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 174-174
Author(s):  
A.M. Sibbald
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Single Meal

Voluntary food intake is generally inversely related to body condition or fatness in mature sheep (Foot, 1972). Since the intake of pelleted diets by housed sheep consists of a number of discrete feeding bouts or 'meals' (e.g. Bermudez et al., 1989), the relatively long-term effect of body condition on intake will be achieved through changes in feeding behaviour at the level of a single meal. The aim of this experiment was to compare the effects of body condition and short-term food restriction on meal patterns in sheep, to investigate the mechanism by which body condition influences daily food intake.

Brief food restriction increases FA oxidation and glycogen synthesis under insulin-stimulated conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (4) ◽  
pp. R1210-R1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Z. Tucker ◽  
Lorraine P. Turcotte
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Palmitate Uptake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Muscle Triglyceride ◽  
White Gastrocnemius

To determine the effects of brief food restriction on fatty acid (FA) metabolism, hindlimbs of F344/BN rats fed either ad libitum (AL) or food restricted (FR) to 60% of baseline food intake for 28 days were perfused under hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic conditions (20 mM glucose, 1 mM palmitate, 1,000 μU/ml insulin, [3-3H]glucose, and [1-14C]palmitate). Basal glucose and insulin levels were significantly lower ( P < 0.05) in FR vs. AL rats. Palmitate uptake (34.3 ± 2.7 vs. 24.5 ± 3.1 nmol/g/min) and oxidation (3.8 ± 0.2 vs. 2.7 ± 0.3 nmol · g−1 · min−1) were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in FR vs. AL rats, respectively. Glucose uptake was increased in FR rats and was accompanied by significant increases in red and white gastrocnemius glycogen synthesis, indicating an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Although muscle triglyceride (TG) levels were not significantly different between groups, glucose uptake and total preperfusion TG concentration were negatively correlated ( r 2 = 0.27, P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results show that under hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic conditions, brief FR resulted in an increase in FA oxidative disposal that may contribute to the improvement in insulin sensitivity.

The effect of housing and food restriction during winter on growth of male red deer calves

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Webster ◽  
I. D. Corson ◽  
J. M. Suttie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractLow winter growth is a characteristic of male red deer and is caused, in part by a combination of reduced appetite and higher energy expenditure due to cold weather. This study aimed to determine whether housing during winter would reduce energy expenditure and increase the growth rate of male red deer calves. An additional aim was to investigate whether food restriction in winter would be compensated for by increased spring growth. In each of two consecutive years, 80 calves were randomly allocated to eight groups (no. = 10) comprising two replicates of four treatments during winter. Groups were housed inside (I) or outside (O) and given food either ad libitum (AL) or restricted (R) to maintain live weight. Winter treatments (southern hemisphere) ran from 22 May to 25 August (year 1) and from 5 June to 5 September (year 2). During these periods, animals were weighed weekly and group food intake recorded daily. At the end of winter animals were moved outside onto pasture and weighed monthly until the end of spring (27 November, year 1 and 7 December, year 2). In year 2 weighing continued during summer, until 4 April. The animals were slaughtered on 28 November and 18 January (year 1) and 5 April (year 2). The effect of housing on live-weight gain (LWG) and dry-matter intake (DM1) in AL groups was not significant in either year. However in R groups, O had a higher DMI than I in both years (P < 0·05) and a higher LWG than I in year 1 (P < 0·05). LWG was loiver in R than in AL groups in winter in year 1 (P < 0·05) and year 2 (P < 0·001) and live weight was lower in R than in AL groups at the end of winter in both years. Live weight was still lower in R than in AL groups at the end of spring in both years (P < 0·01). In year 2, this live-weight difference was not significant by the end of summer. Hot carcass weight (HCW) was greater in AL animals than R animals (P < 0·05) and dressing proportion was higher in R than in AL (P < 0·05) in year 1. GR (an index of body fatness) was greater (P < 0·05) in O than I in year 1 and was greater (P < 0·05) in AL than in R animals in year 2. Differences in GR between treatments were not significant in either year, with HCW as a covariate.In conclusion, housing calves given food ad libitum during winter did not reduce DMI or increase growth rate. When normal growth rates were prevented by restricting food intake, housing lowered DMI requirement, although such a situation is unlikely to be a useful farm management practice as recovery from the growth check was slow. Annual variations in climate may determine both the food savings made by housing and the extent of compensatory growth of food-restricted animals in spring.

scholarly journals Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-II Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Protein Content in the Mammalian Brain Are Modulated by Food Intake

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (11) ◽  
pp. 5069-5077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Kauffman ◽  
Karolina Bojkowska ◽  
Aileen Wills ◽  
Emilie F. Rissman
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Medial Habenula ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Peptide Family ◽  
Ad Libitum

GnRH-II is the most evolutionarily conserved member of the GnRH peptide family. In mammals, GnRH-II has been shown to regulate reproductive and feeding behaviors. In female musk shrews, GnRH-II treatment increases mating behaviors and decreases food intake. Although GnRH-II-containing neurons are known to reside in the midbrain, the neural sites of GnRH-II action are undetermined, as is the degree to which GnRH-II is regulated by energy availability. To determine whether GnRH-II function is affected by changes in food intake, we analyzed the levels of GnRH-II mRNA in the midbrain and GnRH-II protein in numerous target regions. Adult musk shrews were ad libitum fed, food restricted, or food restricted and refed for varying durations. Compared with ad libitum levels, food restriction decreased, and 90 min of refeeding reinstated, GnRH-II mRNA levels in midbrain and GnRH-II peptide in several target areas including the medial habenula and ventromedial nucleus. Refeeding for 90 min also reinstated female sexual behavior in underfed shrews. In male shrews, abundant GnRH-II peptide was present in all sites assayed, including the preoptic area, a region with only low GnRH-II in females. In contrast to females, food restriction did not affect GnRH-II protein in male brains or inhibit their mating behavior. Our results further define the relationship between GnRH-II, energy balance, and reproduction, and suggest that food restriction may inhibit female reproduction by reducing GnRH-II output to several brain nuclei. We postulate that this highly conserved neuropeptide functions similarly in other mammals, including humans, to fine-tune reproductive efforts with periods of sufficient energy resources.

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