scholarly journals Influence of human factor on the time of work stages of harvesters and crane-equipped forwarders

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák ◽  
Z. Malkovský ◽  
J. Macků
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Machine Productivity ◽  
Machine Operator

Harvester technologies represent the second most common logging system in the Czech Republic. The high productivity of this technology is very necessary to cover its acquisition and operational costs. A human factor – a machine operator is the most important factor that surely influences the machine productivity. That is why the aim of this study is as follows: to analyze the mutual dependence of machine operator’s education and working experience and harvester and forwarder productivity. The analysis proves that the operator’s education and even more his working experience are very important. The time of harvesting work stages was measured when the harvester was operated by an operator with two-year working experience and by an operator with no experience. The average time difference between the harvester operators was 64.9 seconds in one work stage. The statistical significance of different operation times was confirmed during technically demanding segments in the working stage (the boom out the felling head and tree processing). Operators with the same working experience in forestry mechanization – about 13 years but with different education carried out the haulage work stage. In this case, the statistical significance between calculated differences was not proved. This fact proves that the operator’s working experience is more important than his education.

scholarly journals ECO-INNOVATIONS: DIFFERENCES IN THE TURNOVER OF ENGINEERING AND THE ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY FIRMS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Bockova ◽  
Tomas Meluzin
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Binomial Test ◽  
Main Question ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Electrical Industry ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Level Of Significance

This paper aims to examine the similarities between innovative companies in the Engineering and the Electrotechnical industry in the Czech Republic. The main question is whether R & D spending in companies with eco-innovation leads to a rise in turnover even in a short period of time. The paper uses the Burea Van Dijk database – Amadeus as a data source. This data source includes 186 large enterprises with information on employee’s numbers, turnover, sector affiliation and R & D expenditure. A binomial test of statistical significance was used for the comparison of the two groups of companies. The authors find that approximately one-third of enterprises record revenue slump. There was no statistically significant difference at the level of significance α = 0,05 between the shares of enterprises with eco-innovations that showed a decrease in turnover.

scholarly journals Circulation and Climate Variability in the Czech Republic between 1961 and 2020: A Comparison of Changes for Two “Normal” Periods

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Rudolf Brázdil ◽  
Pavel Zahradníček ◽  
Petr Dobrovolný ◽  
Jan Řehoř ◽  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Normal Period ◽  
Objective Classification ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

Thirty-year periods are treated in climatology as spans with relatively representative and stable climatic patterns, which can be used for calculating climate normals. Annual and seasonal series of circulation types were used to compare two 30-year sub-periods, 1961–1990 and 1991–2020, the second one being strongly influenced by recent global warming. This analysis was conducted according to the objective classification of circulation types and the climatic characteristics of sunshine duration, temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind speed as calculated for the territory of the Czech Republic during the 1961–2020 period. For both sub-periods, their statistical characteristics were calculated, and the statistical significance of differences between them was evaluated. There was a statistically significant increase in the annual frequencies of anticyclonic circulation types and a significant decrease in cyclonic circulation types during 1991–2020 compared with 1961–1990. Generally, in both 30-year periods, significant differences in means, variability, characteristics of distribution, density functions, and linear trends appear for all climatic variables analysed except precipitation. This indicates that the recent 30-year “normal” period of 1991–2020, known to be influenced more by recent climate change, is by its climatic characteristics unrepresentative of the stable climatic patterns of previous 30-year periods.

scholarly journals Czech Students’ Perceptions of Ethical Behavior in Business and Entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Dennis Barber III ◽  
John H. Batchelo ◽  
Timothy Hatten ◽  
Shanan G. Gibson ◽  
Ladislav Rolínek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Ethical Perception ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Perceptions Of Ethical Behavior

The central notion of business culture and communication with stakeholders consists in the ethical standards regarding the behaviour of corporation owners and managers, which, on the one hand, form an essential element of successful business activities and partnerships, and on the other hand, are complicated in terms of measuring and managing the phenomenon. This study uses agency and stakeholder theories to compare the ethical standards in the behaviour of businessmen and managers. These theories influence freedom of decision-making and behaviour in entrepreneurial activity based on the personal ethical considerations and individuals’ interests, regardless of the size of their share in the business. The article analyzes data regarding differences in perceptions of business owners and managers by Czech students; the differences between ethical standards of behaviour of Czech and American entrepreneurs and managers; gender peculiarities of Czech students’ perception of different business representatives. A methodological tool for the study of ethical perception by youth at the University of the Czech Republic was the Bucar and Hisrich model, and the basis to define the statistical significance of testing the hypothesis ̶ even and odd T-tests. The object of the study contains representatives of small and medium-sized businesses in the Czech Republic, as a country that offers an appealing microcosm for research thanks to the recent transition to a market economy with rapid changes in policy and market activity perceptions. 73% of respondents previously worked in a small business, almost 44% had family members who owned or have a small business and 9.5% owned the business. The sample age structure consisted of 53% of women and 47% of men, on average, under 22 years old, 8% of whom were married. The results of the research revealed that there were no significant differences between the Czech students’ ethical perception of managers and businessmen and the lack of influence on the respondents’ previous experience in doing business. A study of gender-based sampling revealed that Czech female students are more likely to evaluate entrepreneurs less ethically than men do. Keywords: Agency Theory, Czech Republic, Entrepreneurs, Ethics, Managers, Stakeholder Theory.

scholarly journals Production Analysis of Biogas Plant in the Czech Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Josef Slaboch ◽  
Petra Bubáková ◽  
Jindřich Špička
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Production Analysis ◽  
Fixed Assets

The paper deals with an agriculture production analysis of biogas plant in the Czech Republic and evaluates the effect of input-factors and their relevance. Cobb-Douglas functions for crop, livestock and total agriculture production are used. Econometric models are used for structure and magnitude determination of land and labour factors at individual farms, which lead to an increase of production defined in scenarios. Estimations are based on cross-section data. Results indicate statistical significance and the economically highest effect of land and fixed assets on the total agriculture production. The results of first period model show, that there is preferably a need for an increase of fixed assets when enlarging the livestock production. There is an increase of the importance of wages in total and livestock production in 2011 compared to 2010. The crop production is dependent on land are in the most, but the model must be rejected because of parameters intensity and economic justification. Quantification of relationships among variables can be used for planning of the whole production or its components.

scholarly journals Do Human Resources and the Research System Affect Firms’ Innovation Activities? Results from Poland and the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2519
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Zygmunt
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Research System ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Research Organisations

Strong relationships between innovation of firms and sustainable development of regions and countries have priority in issues related to firms’ innovation performance. In this paper, particular emphasis is given to Poland and the Czech Republic as countries with similar innovation performance. Specifically, it seems interesting to identify the extent to which human resources and the research system in these countries matter in firms’ innovation activities. Thus, the aim of the paper is to test whether human resources and the research system affect Polish and Czech firms’ innovation activities. The data were sourced from the European Innovation Scoreboard (2018, 2019) for the period of 2010–2016. A set of variables concerning human resources and the research system were employed. The hypotheses were tested with the Cobb–Douglas function. This paper contributes to the existing literature by adding to studies that seek to identify determinants of firms’ innovation activities. The findings indicate the statistical significance of such a variable related with human resources, as lifelong learning for innovation activities of firms from Poland and such a variable connected with the research system, as the top 10% most cited publications on Czech firms’ innovation activities. The paper has practical and policy implications. There is a need, among others, to strengthen knowledge diffusion processes between firms and universities, research organisations, and institutional environments in order to improve innovation activities of firms.

scholarly journals Preferences of men and women in the Czech Republic when shopping for food

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Turčínková ◽  
Jana Brychtová ◽  
Jiří Urbánek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Individual

Buying behavior of men and women shows considerable differences. The individual stages of purchase decision-making process lead to convergence or conversely deepening of these differences. The paper provides results of analysis of chosen aspects of consumer behavior of men and women in the Czech Republic. It focuses on the grocery shopping in small-sized shops. Due to the complexity of the problem the research could not cover all aspects associated with this topic. It identifies who in a household is responsible for grocery shopping, how often and in what quantity of purchases. The paper examines to what extent is a purchase planned and by what a consumer is usually stimulated to an impulsive shopping. Further, it describes factors leading to a choice of shopping place and to a satisfaction with shopping conditions. The primary data was collected through a method of in-depth interviews conducted from January to March 2011 on a sample of 56 respondents in the three smaller stores in the Moravské Budějovice, and via questionnaire survey which took place in all regions of the Czech Republic (n = 5809) among respondents aged 12+. The results confirmed we can observe differences in shopping behavior of women and man, even though the importance of various factors taken into account when making a choice of a particular food product show significant differences from the gender perspective (none of the analyzed factors was found to have higher statistical significance than weak, p < .05). The qualitative research, however, revealed that women tend to make more frequent purchases and keep a certain level of supplies at home, while men tend to leave shopping till it becomes necessary, they are more likely to stick to their shopping list and more loyal to their favorite products. Women are more flexible when in need to replace a missing product with its substitute. The proportion of impulsively purchased items in a shopping basket is higher for women than for men. The findings should help in particular small-scale operators of stores.

scholarly journals Consumer Demand for Wine and Beer in the Czech Republic, and Their Mutual Influences

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2119-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Syrovátka ◽  
Helena Chládková ◽  
Pavel Žufan
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
Wine Consumption

The paper analyses consumer demand for wine and beer in the Czech Republic in the period of 1991–2013. The objective of this research was to evaluate the elasticity of consumption of wine and beer in reaction to a change of prices and further to a change in the level of a household income. Based on the dynamic models of the gross demand for wine and beer there were determined the coefficients of direct and cross price elasticity, and income elasticity coefficients. In accordance with the identified sizes, respectively, after evaluating their statistical significance, there was carried out the economic analysis of observed demand functions. Analysis of demand functions has shown that the consumptions of wine and beer by the Czech households were not linked on a statistically significant level, in the examined period. Dynamic model of the gross demand for wine showed a statistically insignificant sensitivity of wine consumption to a change of the household income. Wine consumption of Czech households was significantly formed only by its price. Dynamic model of the gross demand for beer has shown that beer consumption by the Czech households responded significantly only to change in household income. Whereas in the case of wine, there was identified an influence of previous consumption on the current one, this was not confirmed in the case of beer.

scholarly journals Industrial production periodicity testing using R. A. Fisher test

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitka Poměnková ◽  
Roman Maršálek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fisher Test ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuation ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Economic Studies

The aim of this paper is to evaluate statistical significance of the business cycle periodicity types in the Czech Republic between 1996/Q1–2008/Q4. Cyclical fluctuation representing a growth business cycle is taken as the result of de-trending input values using filtering techniques, namely Hodrick-Prescott filter and Baxter-King filters. Thereafter, identification of periodicity type is viewed from frequency analysis perspective, i.e. using harmonic analysis. Critical values for the 1%, 5% and 10% risk for the test designed by R. A. Fisher are derived and enumerated. Comparing values of periodogram with critical values of the R. A. Fisher test conclusion about statistic significance of periodicity is fi­nis­hed. Growth business cycle is identified on the basis of quarterly values of industrial production in the Czech Republic 1996/Q1–2008/Q4. Obtained results – the lengths of significance periods – are compared with economic studies.

scholarly journals External linkages and intellectual assets as indicators of firms’ innovation activities: results from the Czech Republic and Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Zygmunt
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Intellectual Assets ◽  
Research Organisations ◽  
Practical Implications

Research background: Firms’ innovation activities play an important role in fostering firms’ competitiveness and enhancing economic growth of regions and countries. Regarding the significance of the issue, it is essential to explore indicators of firms’ innovation activities. Here, special attention was given to external linkages and intellectual assets. In the study, particular emphasis was put on firms from the Czech Republic and Poland as the countries distinguished by similar innovation performance. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to explore whether external link-ages and intellectual assets impact on innovation activities of Czech and Polish firms. Methods: In the study, the Cobb-Douglas function was employed. The study used data from the European Innovation Scoreboard 2018 with regard to firms’ innovation activities. In particular, special stress was put on variables related to external linkages and intellectual assets such as: innovative SMEs collaborating with others, private co-funding of public R&D expenditures, PCT patent applications and trademark applications. The time period was 2008–2015. Findings & Value added: This paper contributes to the existing literature by providing new insight on issues connected with indicators of firms’ innovation activities. The results reveal statistical significance of selected variables connected with external linkages and intellectual assets on innovation activities of Czech and Polish firms. These findings have policy and practical implications. There is a need to further stimulate, among others, the linkages between firms and universities, research organisations, institutional environment.

scholarly journals Productive of the Service Sector: Theory and Practice of Corruption Declining

2019 ◽  
pp. 269-279
Author(s):  
P. Wawrosz
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Legal Contract ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Behaviour ◽  
Sector Theory

Corruption contracts are, throughout the democratic world, illegal and considered immoral. Their participants thus cannot use standard procedures to find a second party, to negotiate the content of the contract, to check if it performs what was promised, and to enforce the promises. This increases the risks associated with the contract. Illegality or immorality of the contract makes both parties more vulnerable – each party can threaten to reveal the contract and denounce the second party. Connecting a corruption contract with a previously established legal contract is usually seen as the best way to reduce risks and to reinforce the corruption contract. Owing to legal contacts and contracts, potential parties interested in corruption know where they should seek a counterparty and what to offer. At the same time, the corruption contract is tied to legal contracts, and failure to fulfil conditions of the corruption contract may put such legal contract at risk, therefore there is a higher probability that both parties to the corruption contract would fulfil what was promised and that there will be no extortion by any of the parties to demand additional fulfilment after the end of the corruption contract or that the corruption contract will not be disclosed. This paper presents the opposite approach in which a corruption contract is established as the first and it creates the base for further often legal but immoral contracts. All contracts lead to the mutually advantageous affinity of all its participants who often become members of corruption networks. The article presents the model when a blackmailed or dependent person must participate in corruption contracts, otherwise, it faces serious problems. But sooner or later, participation will begin to bring him benefits, so he becomes dependent on the network, although initially, he had moral inhibitions to participate in its activities. The subjects looking a counterparty of the corruption contract thus often create the environment of dependency and blackmailing and when people that are obliged to corruption lose their scruples and they see corruption as the common behaviour. Our model comes from real corruption networks in the Czech Republic. Some of them are briefly analysed. Theory of corruption must pay higher attention to all factors contributing to the spread of corruption behaviour, including mutual dependence and extortion Keywords: blackmailing, corruption, corruption networks, corruption risks, mutual dependency

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