scholarly journals Adult Literacy in the USA, 1992–2014: Results of National and International Assessments

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Nataliya V. Zakharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Functional Literacy ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
International Assessments ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Document Literacy

The article aims at revealing the change of adult (functional) literacy in the USA and defining the role played by general (country’s population growth, the system of adult education, and its funding) and specific (age, ethnicity, and race) factors. The research is based on the results of national and international assessments of the level of adult literacy in 1992–2014. The following methods were applied for the research: generalization, system, deductive, inductive, and comparative, as well as the historical method and cluster selection for analyzing statistics. The author outlined the concept of functional literacy and described demographic features of the USA on the basis of migration statistics and the ethnic and racial portrait of the country’s population. The author reviewed the American and Russian historiography of adult literacy. A brief history and the current state of the US system of adult education and the corresponding legislation were presented. The study provided data on how the system of adult education was financed and what the initial level of education of migrants and the US migrant policy and testing were. The results of national and international assessments of adult literacy in 1992–2014 were analyzed and compared by literacy types on the national scale and among ethnic groups/races in the USA. The author concluded that the USA had not met the challenge of modern literacy connected not only with rather average assessments of its level in comparison with other countries of the world, but also with significant differences in the level of adult literacy within the country, despite political interest in improving this socioeconomic index, the legislative support which was embodied in setting up the system of adult education based on regional demands, and its annually growing budget. Besides, contradictions in the information (the results of the international assessments were lower than those presented in analytical reports within the country) on adult literacy in the USA available to most Americans were revealed. Trends of the change of literacy levels shown by representatives of various ethnic groups were defined. White Americans demonstrated the highest level of all types of literacy (above the country’s average). Together with the growing level of literacy of Asians and African-Americans, it allowed the USA to remain in the middle of the list of the tested countries of the OECD. The initially low indicators of literacy of Latin Americans and their having become the largest ethnic minority in the USA by the 2000s affected the growth of the country’s literacy in the world rankings negatively. Document literacy was the only indicator which remained stable throughout this period by the results of national surveys. By the results of the international ones, it even rose both compared to the earlier assessments and to the gradually decreasing average world level.

scholarly journals Sweet Corn Research around the World 2015–2020

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Pedro Revilla ◽  
Calli M. Anibas ◽  
William F. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Environmental Care ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Endosperm Starch

Modern sweet corn is distinguished from other vegetable corns by the presence of one or more recessive alleles within the maize endosperm starch synthesis pathway. This results in reduced starch content and increased sugar concentration when consumed fresh. Fresh sweet corn originated in the USA and has since been introduced in countries around the World with increasing popularity as a favored vegetable choice. Several reviews have been published recently on endosperm genetics, breeding, and physiology that focus on the basic biology and uses in the US. However, new questions concerning sustainability, environmental care, and climate change, along with the introduction of sweet corn in other countries have produced a variety of new uses and research activities. This review is a summary of the sweet corn research published during the five years preceding 2021.

scholarly journals Peculiarities Of Cultural Interaction In Education: The US Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Olga Baybakova ◽  
Larysa Sidun
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Social Components ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractArticle deals with the problem of multicultural education. Ukraine, being a multicultural society, requires a new conception of the world, aimed at integrating cultures and nations, their further convergence as well as cultural enrichment. In this context the experience of many foreign countries, especially the USA, is very interesting. This country differs from average multicultural nations in a range of peculiarities, one of which is the fact that cultural interaction was not within an individual ethnos, but within immigrants–descendants of different countries, representatives of various cultures. It is underlined that the USA is the country that underwent durable trials in search for the most optimum ways to provide cultural interaction. The most modern response to the cultural diversity at the end of the 20th century in the USA became the policy of multiculturalism. Multiculturalism is considered to be a democratic policy of solving the problem of cultural and social diversity in the society, which includes educational, linguistic, economic and social components and has specific mechanisms of embodiment.The interpretation of multicultural education is proposed as that one, which facilitates the formation in a person of the readiness for activities in a modern socio-cultural environment, preservation of personal identity, aspiration for respect and understanding of other cultural and ethnical communities, the ability to live in peace and harmony with representatives of various racial, ethnic, cultural, religious groups.

scholarly journals Suicidality, ethnicity and immigration in the USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Borges ◽  
R. Orozco ◽  
C. Rafful ◽  
E. Miller ◽  
J. Breslau
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

BackgroundSuicide is the 11th leading cause of death in the USA. Suicide rates vary across ethnic groups. Whether suicide behavior differs by ethnic groups in the USA in the same way as observed for suicide death is a matter of current discussion. The aim of this report was to compare the lifetime prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt among four main ethnic groups (Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites) in the USA.MethodSuicide ideation and attempts were assessed using the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). Discrete time survival analysis was used to examine risk for lifetime suicidality by ethnicity and immigration among 15 180 participants in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Surveys (CPES), a group of cross-sectional surveys.ResultsSuicide ideation was most common among Non-Hispanic Whites (16.10%), least common among Asians (9.02%) and intermediate among Hispanics (11.35%) and Non-Hispanic Blacks (11.82%). Suicide attempts were equally common among Non-Hispanic Whites (4.69%), Hispanics (5.11%) and Non-Hispanic Blacks (4.15%) and less common among Asians (2.55%). These differences in the crude prevalence rates of suicide ideation decreased but persisted after control for psychiatric disorders, but disappeared for suicide attempt. Within ethnic groups, risk for suicidality was low among immigrants prior to migration compared to the US born, but equalized over time after migration.ConclusionsEthnic differences in suicidal behaviors are explained partly by differences in psychiatric disorders and low risk prior to arrival in the USA. These differences are likely to decrease as the US-born proportion of Hispanics and Asians increases.

scholarly journals The US dollar and new imperialism under the logic of capital accumulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Haiping Qiu ◽  
Min Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Imperialism ◽  
Us Dollar

Purpose The world currency is endowed with two inherent contradictions, namely, the general contradiction of all currencies and the special contradiction between the quality and quantity of the world currency. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In the wake of the Second World War, the USA, with its strong economic and military strength, established an international monetary system centered on the US dollar (USD). This gave USD the status of “world currency” and bounded it to the US imperialist hegemony with mutual integration and interaction, making it possible for USD capital to conduct international exploitation and wealth plundering extensively around the world. Findings The contradiction between the capital logic and the power logic, which is inherent in capital accumulation models of the new imperialism, also indicates the inevitable decline of USD. Originality/value This constitutes an important feature of the new imperialism. However, as a sovereign currency, USD has inextricable and inherent contradictions while exercising its function as the world currency.

TRAITS OF SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS OWNERS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENTREPRENEURS IN SINGAPORE, THE USA, RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN

1998 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANATOLY V. ZHUPLEV ◽  
FRED KIESNER ◽  
ASYLEECK B. KOZHAKHMETOV ◽  
WEE LIANG TAN ◽  
ALEXANDER KONKOV
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Indigenous Entrepreneurs ◽  
Economic Future

This paper discusses the differences and similarities between the attitudes of entrepreneurs in four distinctly different localities of the world, with regard to the traits they believe to be important to their success as entrepreneurs. Over four hundred entrepreneurs were studied in four different countries: The United States, Singapore, Russia, and Kazakhstan. The US represents a more developed and established training environment. Singapore is one of the exciting "Tiger" countries and is embarking on a major thrust aimed at developing indigenous entrepreneurs. Russia and Kazakhstan are countries struggling to develop entrepreneurship as they attempt to enter the international market economy. Kazakhstan, though a much smaller country, is making far better progress in developing entrepreneurship than is Russia. The findings reveal the differences in attitudes and traits of entrepreneurs in differing ambiences of experience, economic development, and cultural experiences. In the increasingly smaller global business climate of today, this is important information to consider. As is the case with the authors of this study, business owners and entrepreneurs are all interacting with entrepreneurs in other countries of the world, and we must discover how we are similar, and how we differ, if we are to successfully interact and build a powerful entrepreneurial economic future.

scholarly journals Towards a Neo-bipolar Model of the World Order: Scouting Game in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-29
Author(s):  
L. L. Fituni
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
New World Order ◽  
Global Order ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
General Movement

The article lays out a hypothesis that the global order slides into a new bipolarity in the context of the escalating geo-economic and geopolitical confrontation between the two poles that currently dominate the world - the United States and China. The neo-bipolar construction cannot yet be regarded as an established new world order, but the general movement of the world economy and international relations in this direction is obvious. The neo-bipolar bipolar confrontation manifest itself with varying intensity in different regions of the world. The author argues that at present the peripheral regions which are strategically important for the prospects of competition are becoming an important testing ground for relatively “safe” elaboration of methods and tactics of geo-economic rivalry and h mutual exchange of systemic attacks. Today, Africa has become practically the leading theater of the new bipolar confrontation. The article analyzes the economic, military and strategic aspects of the rivalry between the United States and China on the African continent. It provides a comparative analysis of the new African strategies of the two superpowers adopted at the end of 2018. The author asserts that in the context of the emerging global bipolarity, the strategies of the USA and China represent antagonistic programs based on fundamentally different initial messages. In the case of the US strategy, this is to deter by denial the spread of the competitor’s influence using tough policies, including forceful (while not necessarily military) confrontational actions. While China seeks to neutralize the opposition of the United States and its allies to Beijing’s expansion on the continent and to win the freedom of interaction with any partners in Africa causing minimal direct confrontation possible. Therefore, despite the seemingly “peripheral” importance of the confrontation on the continent, for the establishment of a neo-bipolar world order, the proclamation of the new US regional geopolitical strategy, which focuses on the containment of China in the name of protecting democracy and independence, can serve not only for Africa, but for the whole planet the same milestone signal as Churchill’s Fulton speech for the final advent of bipolarity in the postwar world.

Looking Before Leaping: Can We Afford an Unlimited Trade War Between the World’s Two Largest Economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Xihui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Trump Administration

The Trump administration launched the world’s biggest trade war with China, which is suggestive of its distinctive governing philosophy. Consequently, the trade war with China is not only part of the US policies on China, but also part of the Indo-Pacific strategy of the administration, with aims of both money and containment. In response, China has adopted both hardline and moderate approaches, resolutely fighting back the pressure from the USA and exhibiting restraint in retaliation. However, China and the USA have their own advantages, and the end of the trade war depends on the resolution, willpower, and judgment of the situation. Presently, China is the only country that has the ability and resolution to stand up to the USA to stay the course in the trade war; China’s perseverance and retaliation to the US’ extreme pressure in the trade war temporarily eased the pressure on other countries from the USA. The trade war is damaging to the world and will cause more harm if it goes unchecked. The USA dominates the direction of Sino-US relations, but China’s response also shapes Sino-US relations to a certain extent.

Generational cohort theory and wine: analyzing how gen Z differs from other American wine consuming generations

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Thach ◽  
Sam Riewe ◽  
Angelo Camillo
Keyword(s):  
World Population ◽  
Sparkling Wine ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Wine Market ◽  
Cohort Theory

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the wine consumption preferences and behavior of Gen Z wine consumers in the USA and to determine if and how Gen Z differ from other major generational cohorts in the USA. This study applies the concepts of generational cohort theory to the US wine market to examine similarities and differences between age cohorts and their potential impact on future wine sales. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative survey was conducted with a quota sample of 1,136 US wine consumers located in all 50 states. Data analysis included one-way ANOVA analysis to test the null hypothesis that the generational cohort means are equal. If the test detected at least one mean difference across cohorts, then pairwise comparisons were performed to identify, which groups differed. The Tukey–Kramer method was used for all post hoc tests. Basic descriptive statistics were also calculated. Findings The results show some parallels in terms of similar consumption levels and a higher preference for red wine across all cohorts. However, on the majority of other common wine consumer research topics, Gen Z shows significant differences. Of specific interest, Gen Z consumers report higher levels of preference for sparkling wine than other cohorts; prefers to drink in social situations; are much more interested in labels and package; make decisions based on varietal and alcohol level and are much more engaged on Instagram and Snapchat social media platforms – all pointed to new marketing tactics needed to reach this new consumer segment. Originality/value This is the first empirical wine research study to explore the wine preferences and behaviors of Gen Z in the US market. This is valuable because Gen Z is a very large population of consumers, comprising 32% of the world population (Miller and Wei, 2018) and already represent more than $143bn in buying power (Dill, 2015). They are expected to have a huge impact on consumer products, not only in the USA but also on a global basis. Given that the USA is currently the largest wine market in the world in both volume and value (Wine Institute, 2019; VinExpo, 2018), it is important that research is conducted on this new and powerful generation.

An SFL Approach to Biden’s Inauguration Speech after Winning the Presidential Election: Compensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Reza Abbaszadeh
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Democratic Administration ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

The US election is an influential event, not just in the USA itself but in the world. The present study aims to analyze Joe Biden’s inauguration speech after winning the presidential election in January 2021 and becoming the 46th president of the United States. Moreover, this paper attempts to investigate the USA’s possible policies toward their own nation and, of course, the other countries. This analysis goes through predicting probable upcoming policies of Biden’s administration comparing to the previous president of the USA, Donald Trump, who breached several international agreements. To this end, Halliday’s systemic functional linguistics (SFL) (Halliday, 1978; Halliday & Matthiessen, 2014) has been employed in Biden’s first speech after winning the election and beginning of the democratic administration to observe his political intentions by means of a critical approach and using appraisal resources of Martin and White (2007) to clarify the attitude, graduation, and engagement of his speech. Overall, designating the number of vocabularies related to any of the mentioned appraisal resources, it is concluded that Biden’s tendency, based on his inauguration speech and the lexical and grammatical (‘lexicogrammar) choices, is to compensate Trump’s actions, such as breaching 2015 JCPOA agreement and breaking 2015 Paris Climate Accord, and make peace with whom Trump had fueled conflicts.

Abstract P170: Stroke Coordinator Roles and Developmental Needs Around the Globe: An MT2020 International Survey

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne W Alexandrov ◽  
Sushanth Aroor ◽  
Sharon Biby ◽  
Jennifer Potter-Vig ◽  
Swatantra Kumar Soni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Education ◽  
Systems Of Care ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
International Programs ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Nursing Knowledge ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Stroke Systems Of Care

Background: Stroke Coordinators (SC) are commonly utilized in US Stroke Centers, ensuring provision of evidence-based service, overseeing quality improvement, and supporting interdisciplinary and community education. Mission Thrombectomy 2020 (MT2020) partnered with the Association of Neurovascular Clinicians (ANVC) to understand how SCs are utilized outside the US and to compare developmental needs for this role across the world. Methods: A brief survey was constructed to capture information about the use of SCs and their duties, including personnel utilized to execute the role and areas deemed important for role development. The survey was disseminated through the MT2020 and ANVC membership rosters; returned data were assembled in SPSS (version 25) and analyzed using descriptive and X 2 statistics. Results: A total of 70 surveys were returned from 16 countries (63% USA). Survey responders were SCs (41%), physicians (39%), program managers (19%) and APPs(1%), and 49% were from CSCs/TSCs with 40% PSC and 11% ASR/other hospital; 92% had someone completing SC duties with MDs more commonly in the SC role outside the USA (63%) versus RNs in the USA (95%; X 2 =25.2, p<0.001). Table 1 lists role differences between USA and other countries. Of the 70% of respondents interested in receiving SC development resources, the aspect deemed most important was “Improvement of Stroke Nursing Knowledge/Care” (71% non-USA/81% USA). “Development of Stroke Systems of Care” was deemed second most important by non-USA hospitals (53%), followed by “Development of Government Policy” (35%). Conclusions: Non-USA Stroke Centers have significant SC development needs that differ markedly from those within the USA. MT2020 provides an important platform to engage international programs and the MT2020-ANVC partnership is well positioned to further stroke nursing care and SC development globally.

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