An SFL Approach to Biden’s Inauguration Speech after Winning the Presidential Election: Compensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Reza Abbaszadeh
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Democratic Administration ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

The US election is an influential event, not just in the USA itself but in the world. The present study aims to analyze Joe Biden’s inauguration speech after winning the presidential election in January 2021 and becoming the 46th president of the United States. Moreover, this paper attempts to investigate the USA’s possible policies toward their own nation and, of course, the other countries. This analysis goes through predicting probable upcoming policies of Biden’s administration comparing to the previous president of the USA, Donald Trump, who breached several international agreements. To this end, Halliday’s systemic functional linguistics (SFL) (Halliday, 1978; Halliday & Matthiessen, 2014) has been employed in Biden’s first speech after winning the election and beginning of the democratic administration to observe his political intentions by means of a critical approach and using appraisal resources of Martin and White (2007) to clarify the attitude, graduation, and engagement of his speech. Overall, designating the number of vocabularies related to any of the mentioned appraisal resources, it is concluded that Biden’s tendency, based on his inauguration speech and the lexical and grammatical (‘lexicogrammar) choices, is to compensate Trump’s actions, such as breaching 2015 JCPOA agreement and breaking 2015 Paris Climate Accord, and make peace with whom Trump had fueled conflicts.

scholarly journals Ukraine in the Focus of US Foreign Policy Priorities

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
N. Gegelashvili ◽  
◽  
I. Modnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Radical Transformation

The article analyzes the US policy towards Ukraine dating back from the time before the reunification of Crimea with Russia and up to Donald Trump coming to power. The spectrum of Washington’s interests towards this country being of particular strategic interest to the United States are disclosed. It should be noted that since the disintegration of the Soviet Union Washington’s interest in this country on the whole has not been very much different from its stand on all post-Soviet states whose significance was defined by the U,S depending on their location on the world map as well as on the value of their natural resources. However, after the reunification of Crimea with Russia Washington’s stand on this country underwent significant changes, causing a radical transformation of the U,S attitude in their Ukrainian policy. During the presidency of Barack Obama the American policy towards Ukraine was carried out rather sluggishly being basically declarative in its nature. When President D. Trump took his office Washington’s policy towards Ukraine became increasingly more offensive and was characterized by a rather proactive stance not only because Ukraine became the principal arena of confrontation between the United States and the Russian Federation, but also because it became a part of the US domestic political context. Therefore, an outcome of the “battle” for Ukraine is currently very important for the United States in order to prove to the world its role of the main helmsman in the context of a diminishing US capability of maintaining their global superiority.

TRAITS OF SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS OWNERS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENTREPRENEURS IN SINGAPORE, THE USA, RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN

1998 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANATOLY V. ZHUPLEV ◽  
FRED KIESNER ◽  
ASYLEECK B. KOZHAKHMETOV ◽  
WEE LIANG TAN ◽  
ALEXANDER KONKOV
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Indigenous Entrepreneurs ◽  
Economic Future

This paper discusses the differences and similarities between the attitudes of entrepreneurs in four distinctly different localities of the world, with regard to the traits they believe to be important to their success as entrepreneurs. Over four hundred entrepreneurs were studied in four different countries: The United States, Singapore, Russia, and Kazakhstan. The US represents a more developed and established training environment. Singapore is one of the exciting "Tiger" countries and is embarking on a major thrust aimed at developing indigenous entrepreneurs. Russia and Kazakhstan are countries struggling to develop entrepreneurship as they attempt to enter the international market economy. Kazakhstan, though a much smaller country, is making far better progress in developing entrepreneurship than is Russia. The findings reveal the differences in attitudes and traits of entrepreneurs in differing ambiences of experience, economic development, and cultural experiences. In the increasingly smaller global business climate of today, this is important information to consider. As is the case with the authors of this study, business owners and entrepreneurs are all interacting with entrepreneurs in other countries of the world, and we must discover how we are similar, and how we differ, if we are to successfully interact and build a powerful entrepreneurial economic future.

scholarly journals Euro-Atlantic Security in U.S.-EURussia Triangle and Trump Factor

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 78-108
Author(s):  
M. M. Panyuzheva
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Us ◽  
Security Relations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Eu

The article discusses the security relations among the United States, the EU and Russia in the context of Donald Trump's populism, the change of Western political elites and the erosion of arms treaty regimes. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state and identify the probable scenarios of relations in the triangle of the USA – the EU – Russia. The article explores the features of the Euro-Atlantic security system from 1990’s till the mid-2000’s; the concept of Euro-Atlantic security in 2008-2009; the US, the EU and Russia relations under Barak Obama and Donald Trump. As a result of a comprehensive analysis, the author comes to the following conclusions: 1) the concept of Euro-Atlantic security is still relevant. Since the NATO based security arrangements are not stabile, security interaction among the USA, the EU and Russia is growing in importance. 2) European leaders seem to be moving towards building a new security architecture and a more balanced dialogue with Russia. The EU remains the main economic partner of the Russian Federation. 3) Trump's “transactional” approach has prompted Europeans to strengthen its defense identity and seek a compromise with Russia. 4) In a multipolar world, the Euro-Atlantic regional security is no longer closed to transatlantic ties. It is important to rethink the concept towards cooperation with non-regional countries. 5) The complex game of engagement and deterrence is likely to continue in relations between Russia and the West. The more uncertain the transatlantic relations become, the more the EU and the US need Russia.The author declares absence of conflict of interests.

scholarly journals Towards a Neo-bipolar Model of the World Order: Scouting Game in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-29
Author(s):  
L. L. Fituni
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
New World Order ◽  
Global Order ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
General Movement

The article lays out a hypothesis that the global order slides into a new bipolarity in the context of the escalating geo-economic and geopolitical confrontation between the two poles that currently dominate the world - the United States and China. The neo-bipolar construction cannot yet be regarded as an established new world order, but the general movement of the world economy and international relations in this direction is obvious. The neo-bipolar bipolar confrontation manifest itself with varying intensity in different regions of the world. The author argues that at present the peripheral regions which are strategically important for the prospects of competition are becoming an important testing ground for relatively “safe” elaboration of methods and tactics of geo-economic rivalry and h mutual exchange of systemic attacks. Today, Africa has become practically the leading theater of the new bipolar confrontation. The article analyzes the economic, military and strategic aspects of the rivalry between the United States and China on the African continent. It provides a comparative analysis of the new African strategies of the two superpowers adopted at the end of 2018. The author asserts that in the context of the emerging global bipolarity, the strategies of the USA and China represent antagonistic programs based on fundamentally different initial messages. In the case of the US strategy, this is to deter by denial the spread of the competitor’s influence using tough policies, including forceful (while not necessarily military) confrontational actions. While China seeks to neutralize the opposition of the United States and its allies to Beijing’s expansion on the continent and to win the freedom of interaction with any partners in Africa causing minimal direct confrontation possible. Therefore, despite the seemingly “peripheral” importance of the confrontation on the continent, for the establishment of a neo-bipolar world order, the proclamation of the new US regional geopolitical strategy, which focuses on the containment of China in the name of protecting democracy and independence, can serve not only for Africa, but for the whole planet the same milestone signal as Churchill’s Fulton speech for the final advent of bipolarity in the postwar world.

Uncertain Times: The Reconstruction of China–US Relationship

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Weixing CHEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
The Rise Of China ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trump Administration

The rise of China has shaken, to some extent, the pillars sustaining the US dominance in the world. Facing structural challenges from China, the United States has responded on three levels: political, strategic and policy. The Donald Trump administration has adopted a hard-line approach while attempting to engage China at the structural level. The China–US relationship is entering uncertain times, and the reconstruction of the relationship could take a decade.

The United States and Regional Security Orders in the Middle East, East Asia, and Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Overhaus
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
American Hegemony ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trump Administration

The USA is still the only power with the capability to have a major impact—for better or for worse—on the security orders in all major geographical regions of the world, most notably the Near/Middle East, East Asia, and Europe. A review of the major dynamics in regional orders shows that seven decades of American hegemony have always been short of the liberal ideal-type expectations—well before Donald Trump entered the scene. However, the Trump administration sees the international and regional security orders primarily as arenas for power competition in which economic and military might are the most relevant currencies. While the erosion of regional security orders is not primarily the result of the deeds and omissions in Washington, the missing liberal hegemon will make it much harder to reverse the trend and to rebuild these orders from within and from the outside.

US Trade Actions Against China: A Supply Chain Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrie Walmsley ◽  
Peter Minor
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trade Analysis ◽  
Global Trade Analysis Project

In 2018, the United States (US) Administration initiated several trade actions, including tariffs on China for unfair trade practices outlined by the US Trade Representative (USTR). In response, China filed requests for consultations with the World Trade Organization (WTO) and has implemented or threatened to implement increased tariffs on US products. In this article, the implications of current and potential US trade actions and responses by China on the US and global economy are estimated. We employ a dynamic supply chain model based on the widely used Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Data Base and model. Our analysis finds that US gross domestic product (GDP) would be reduced by a projected –0.86 per cent in 2030 (or US$227.8 billion in 2017 dollars), as the role of the USA in global supply chains declines significantly. China’s GDP would also decline considerably by 2.84 per cent as a result of the actions imposed against it, while the rest of the world gain, as they fill the gaps left by US and Chinese producers. JEL: F16, C68

scholarly journals Today’s World in The World of Yesterday

AmeriQuests ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Katherine Kingsley Trotter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The World

Recent political events across the United States and Europe have shaken the international community. A weakened European Union, the presidential election of Donald Trump, and widespread anti-immigration sentiment indicate a decrease in support and enthusiasm for international cooperation. Countries have turned their focus inward and are emphasizing border protection and national interests above all else, at the expense of broader international concerns. The geopolitical landscape is marked by anxiety and uncertainty, as the bonds of the global community seem increasingly fragile. The nature of today’s political climate led me to Stefan Zweig’s autobiography, The World of Yesterday (1964).

scholarly journals The USA, Russia and China as a Center of Influence in Global Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 09009
Author(s):  
Irina Minakova ◽  
Tatyana Bukreeva ◽  
Olga Solodukhina ◽  
Artyom Golovin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
International System ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Key Issues

Research background. Due to the significant role that the United States, Russia and China play in the world political and economic processes, US-Russia-China relations can be recognized as the most important interstate relations in the world, setting the direction for the transformation of the international system. Nowadays, the study of these trilateral relations is a relevant scientific task. The authors, on a systematic basis, have investigated the aspects of interaction between the USA, Russia and China in the modern economy, which opened the way for solving the key issues of international relations. The authors have published several papers on this issue in Russia and abroad, including publications in Scopus and Web of Science indexed journals. Purpose of the article is to analyse the US-Russia-China relations and to determine the directions of their development in the context of globalization of the world economy. Methods. To analyse the interests, a systematic method was used that allows considering the interests of the United States, China and Russia as an holistic, complex mechanism with elements constantly interacting with each other. Findings & Value added. Despite geographical, linguistic, religious, and other distinctions, the United States, China, and Russia have a lot in common. There were historical periods of active and positive cooperation between these three major superpowers. In our opinion, in spite of the current contradictions between the parties, Russia, China and the United States have a mutual concern in harmonizing trilateral interests. However, the existed contradictions are not insoluble.

“We were cocked & loaded to retaliate”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Makki ◽  
Andrew S. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Iranian Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diplomatic Relationship

Abstract The diplomatic relationship between the USA and Iran has long been fraught and is characterised by various conflicts and the implementation of economic sanctions. It can be argued that the relationship became even more hostile after Donald Trump was elected president of the US. Trump’s sentiments towards Iran were made public through his behavior on Twitter, both before and after he took over the Presidency. These sentiments have been a mix of negative and sometimes positive views and opinions. This study uses a corpus of Trump’s tweets that explicitly mention ‘Iran’ as the basis of a linguistic analysis and applies to it the analytical framework of appraisal from Systemic Functional Linguistics. More specifically, this study focuses on how he established an Us vs. Them dichotomy. While the analysis shows that Iran has been generally portrayed negatively by Trump, there were several tweets where the Iranian government was appraised positively, too. More interestingly, in those tweets, he seemed to target Obama and democrats and represent them negatively while Iran was assessed in positive terms.

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