Meta-analysis to estimate the economic losses caused by reduced milk yield and reproductive performance associated with bovine paratuberculosis in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 164 (11) ◽  
pp. 737-751
Author(s):  
A. Rieger ◽  
M. Meylan ◽  
C. Hauser ◽  
G. Knubben-Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses

scholarly journals Postpartum resumption of cyclic ovarian function, first estrus and re-conception and their relation to energy metabolism in high-producing dairy cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-41
Author(s):  
Gyula Huszenicza ◽  
M. Kulcsar ◽  
L. Katai ◽  
O. Balogh ◽  
Horea Samanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

In the last few decades a continuous increase was observed in average milk production of dairy cows all over the world. Simultaneously, however, a dramatic decrease was seen in reproductive performance. This tendency is attributed to the increased incidence of bacterial complications in uterine involution, as well as to the high occurrence of ovarian malfunctions in the postpartum period. The aim of this paper is to review the physiology and pathology of the latter, really complex phenomenon. The nutritional basis of this process, that the requirements of high-producing dairy cows shift abruptly after parturition as the daily milk yield rapidly increases and the ensuing negative energy balance (NEB) will extend 10-12 weeks. In the context of the high genetic merit dairy cow, the pp NEB is the difference between the dietary intake of utilizable energy and the expenditure of energy for body mass maintenance and milk synthesis. In principle, it is a physiological phenomenon, which may, however, result in more or less severe disorders in both the metabolism and reproduction and so it may lead to great economic losses in modern dairy practice [112]. In the first 3-4 weeks after calving the NEB is highly correlated with both milk yield and the interval to first ovulation. Because the number of ovulatory estrous cycles preceding the insemination (AI) has been shown to influence the conception rate, the length of the pp interval to first ovulation provides an important parameter for assessing the effect of NEB on reproductive performance S19, 20?.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary supplementation of pioglitazone on metabolism, milk yield, and reproductive performance in transition dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 1540-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Reza Yousefi ◽  
Hamid Kohram ◽  
Ahmad Zare Shahneh ◽  
Mohammad Javad Zamiri ◽  
Ali Akbar Fouladi-Nashta
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Transition Dairy Cows

scholarly journals Effect of growth hormone on milk yield and reproductive performance of subfertile Holstein cows during extended lactations

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Flores ◽  
José E. García ◽  
Jesús Mellado ◽  
Leticia Gaytán ◽  
Ángeles De Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Farm Efficiency

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) throughout lactation to high-yielding subfertile (conception > 270 days postpartum) Holstein cows undergoing extended lactations (≥480 d) on milk production and reproductive performance. The study used two large adjacent commercial herds with similar management in a hot area of northern Mexico (25° N). Cows in one herd (n=2341) received a 500-mg dose of rbST every 14 d until dried off, starting 60 days postpartum. The other herd served as control (n=984). Across parity, rbST-treated cows produced 20% greater milk yield than control cows in 305-d lactations. Across parities, milk yield from 305 d postpartum to the end of lactation was 2734 kg higher in rbST-treated cows than control cows. Across parities rbST-treated cows produced 4777 more kg of milk during the entire lactation (mean 605 d) than the control group (mean 572 d). Conception rates (CR) at first service were only 3.2% and 5.9% (p<0.05) for control and rbST-treated cows, respectively. Overall CR was 43.5% and 61.6% (p<0.05) for control and treated cows, respectively. Control cows required 2.4 more (p<0.01) services per conception than rbST-treated cows. It was concluded that in this hot environment, the use of rbST suits dairy producers because it substantially improves both milk yield and reproductive performance in subfertile high-yielding Holstein cows. By markedly increasing lactation length and lactation persistency farm efficiency is greatly improved due to extended herd life.

scholarly journals ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF ANTHROPOGENIC AIR POLLUTION BY PARTICULATE MATTER WITH CANCER RISK

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-302
Author(s):  
Alla F. Kolpakova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Transitional Metals

In the review the author highlights contemporary concepts about the relation between the air pollution by the particulate matter (PM) and human morbidity and mortality due to oncological diseases (OD). The author used materials of the articles indexed in the PubMed and RISC databases. The role of air pollution by PM as a risk factor of carcinogenesis in dependence on size, origin, chemical composition and concentration in air is discussed. PM of road-transport origin contains transitional metals acknowledged as most dangerous and is the result the operational wear of motor transport, road surface, and vehicle emissions. Long-term exposure to PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 increases risk of appearance of OD of different localization. Dose-dependent action of PM was established. Reduction in air pollution by PM is accompanied by decrease of premature mortality of population, including from OD, and it can be examined as a modifiable risk factor. The results of the meta-analysis of literature data about the economic damage, caused by morbidity and mortality from OD led to the conclusion that reduction in PM concentration is the most realistic and effective method to decrease these social and economic losses. The accumulated carcinogenic risk provides for the lifelong probability of the development of OD, which requires the active medical examination of workers after the curtailment of work with carcinogens for early diagnostics and treatment of OD. The important preventive measure is to decrease the level of air pollution independently on their initial concentration.

scholarly journals The effect of an organic rumen-protected fat supplement on performance, metabolic status, and health of dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Manriquez ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Pedro Melendez ◽  
Pablo Pinedo
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Organic Dairy ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract Background Negative energy balance during the transition period is a concern for both conventional and certified organic dairy systems. During early lactation, supplemental strategies are used to cope with nutrient deficiencies that are associated with impaired health, production, and reproduction. As organic certified dairies in the United States face restricted access to dietary supplements, the evaluation of products especially formulated for organic production is needed. Our objective was to assess the effect of supplementing 0.45 kg/d of an organic rumen-protected fat (RPF) on health, metabolic status, and productive and reproductive performance of organic certified Holstein cows from 1 to 150 days in milk (DIM). Two-hundred and two cows were enrolled in a randomized blocked controlled trial conducted from January to July, 2017 in a certified organic dairy located in Northern Colorado (USA). Two groups were randomly assigned to be individually supplemented with organic RPF (ORG; n = 100) or control pellets (CON; n = 102) once per day, in addition to the total mixed ration (TMR). Outcomes of interest included disease occurrence, culling, mortality, serum concentration of glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), milk yield (kg/d) and milk components, resumption of cyclicity, time-to-first artificial insemination (AI), conception at first AI, and conception within 150 DIM. Results A significant effect for the inclusion of RPF was found in daily milk yield; RPF supplemented cows had greater milk yield (1.6 kg/d) compared to CON cows up to 150 DIM (P = 0.03). During grazing, multiparous (MP) ORG cows had greater milk yield compared to MP CON cows, whereas no effect was found in primiparous (PP) cows. Health outcomes, serum metabolite concentrations, and reproductive performance were not affected by the inclusion of RPF. Body condition loss was smaller in the ORG group up to 80 DIM; however, there was no effect on body condition during the grazing season and in the overall study period. Conclusions These results indicate that supplementation of RPF increased daily milk yield and prevented body condition loss during transition. However, RPF supplementation did not affect health, serum metabolite concentration, milk components, and reproductive outcomes.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Milk and Reproductive Performance of Saanen and Saanen × Hair Goat Crossbreds (F1, B1 & B2) and Growth Performance of their Kids in Semi-Intensive Production System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 871
Author(s):  
Mesut Yıldırır ◽  
Orhan Karadağ ◽  
Mustafa Yilmaz ◽  
Mehmet Akif Yüksel ◽  
Tamer Sezenler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Production System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Intensive Production

The aims of this study were to evaluate the traits of reproductive, milking and growth performance of Saanen and Saanen × Hair crossbreds (F1, B1 and B2) raised at the Bandırma Sheep Research Institute. The data were collected from 868 goats for reproductive performance and milk yield and from 1077 kids for survival performance between 2009-2012. Milk components (fat, protein, lactose and non-fat dry matter) of goats (n=162) and body weight changes of kid’s (n=64) were evaluated for one year in 2012. Estrus rates and survival rates were similar among all genotypes. Kidding rate was significantly higher in F1 goats than Saanen goats. Saanen goat had the lowest average mean daily milk yield compared with other genotypes. The effect of year and age were significant on milk yield. Goats in F1 and B1 genotypes had higher milk protein percentage and non-fat dry matter content in comparison with Saanen and B2 genotype. Milk fat and lactose contents were similar among genotypes. Birth weight and monthly live weight were similar between genotypes while weaning weight, six month live weight and yearling live weight were higher in B1 kids in comparison with Saanen kids. The effect of dam age and birth type were significant on birth weight, monthly live weight and weaning weight. The findings related to performance characteristics in goat genotypes investigated show that B1 genotype could be recommend for semi-intensive production system in the Western Anatolia.

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