scholarly journals ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF ANTHROPOGENIC AIR POLLUTION BY PARTICULATE MATTER WITH CANCER RISK

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-302
Author(s):  
Alla F. Kolpakova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Transitional Metals

In the review the author highlights contemporary concepts about the relation between the air pollution by the particulate matter (PM) and human morbidity and mortality due to oncological diseases (OD). The author used materials of the articles indexed in the PubMed and RISC databases. The role of air pollution by PM as a risk factor of carcinogenesis in dependence on size, origin, chemical composition and concentration in air is discussed. PM of road-transport origin contains transitional metals acknowledged as most dangerous and is the result the operational wear of motor transport, road surface, and vehicle emissions. Long-term exposure to PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 increases risk of appearance of OD of different localization. Dose-dependent action of PM was established. Reduction in air pollution by PM is accompanied by decrease of premature mortality of population, including from OD, and it can be examined as a modifiable risk factor. The results of the meta-analysis of literature data about the economic damage, caused by morbidity and mortality from OD led to the conclusion that reduction in PM concentration is the most realistic and effective method to decrease these social and economic losses. The accumulated carcinogenic risk provides for the lifelong probability of the development of OD, which requires the active medical examination of workers after the curtailment of work with carcinogens for early diagnostics and treatment of OD. The important preventive measure is to decrease the level of air pollution independently on their initial concentration.

scholarly journals On the relationship of anthropogenic air pollution by particulate matter with cancer risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-302
Author(s):  
Алла Фёдоровна Колпакова
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Transitional Metals

In the review the author highlights contemporary concepts about the relation between the air pollution by the particulate matter (PM) and human morbidity and mortality due to oncological diseases (OD). The author used materials of the articles indexed in the PubMed and RISC databases. The role of air pollution by PM as a risk factor of carcinogenesis in dependence on size, origin, chemical composition and concentration in air is discussed. PM of road-transport origin contains transitional metals acknowledged as most dangerous and is the result the operational wear of motor transport, road surface, and vehicle emissions. Long-term exposure to PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 increases risk of appearance of OD of different localization. Dose-dependent action of PM was established. Reduction in air pollution by PM is accompanied by decrease of premature mortality of population, including from OD, and it can be examined as a modifiable risk factor. The results of the meta-analysis of literature data about the economic damage, caused by morbidity and mortality from OD led to the conclusion that reduction in PM concentration is the most realistic and effective method to decrease these social and economic losses. The accumulated carcinogenic risk provides for the lifelong probability of the development of OD, which requires the active medical examination of workers after the curtailment of work with carcinogens for early diagnostics and treatment of OD. The important preventive measure is to decrease the level of air pollution independently on their initial concentration.

Particulate matter air pollution and stroke morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 3878
Author(s):  
Hans Scheers ◽  
Lotte Jacobs ◽  
Benoit Nemery ◽  
Tim S. Nawrot
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality

Abstract P391: Inhalation Of Airborne Particulate Matter Alters Cardiovascular Function Of Alzheimer-prone Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin R O'Piela ◽  
Ty A Saldana ◽  
David M Aslaner ◽  
Matthew W Gorr ◽  
Amy R Mackos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Transgenic Mouse ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Model ◽  
Cardiovascular Dysfunction ◽  
Airborne Particulate

Air pollution has detrimental effects on cardiovascular and lung function, and the extent of its pathological consequences continues to be uncovered. Recently, air pollution has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer Disease (AD) progression. AD and heart failure are common co-morbidities, giving reason to believe that cardiovascular dysfunction may contribute to AD. A known contributor to cardiovascular dysfunction-particulate matter (PM 2.5 , < 2.5 μm diameter)—is a critical component of air pollution and is considered a risk factor for heart failure and AD development. This co-morbidity pattern and shared environmental risk factor prompted the hypothesis that PM 2.5 contributes to cardiovascular dysfunction in a transgenic mouse model of AD. We tested our hypothesis by subjecting 6-month-old transgenic (APP) and non-carrier wildtype (WT) male mice to filtered air (FA) or PM 2.5 for 5 days/week, 6 hours/day for 3 months (n = 34). Following exposure, echocardiography, pressure-volume (PV) loops, and respiratory mechanics were performed to detect cardiac and pulmonary changes associated with genotype and exposure conditions among the 3-month group. Echocardiography revealed left ventricular anterior wall thickness in systole was significantly elevated among PM-exposed APP mice compared to FA-exposed APP controls. PV data demonstrated significant reduced end-systolic elastance in PM-exposed mice compared to FA-exposed mice in both WT and APP mouse models, demonstrating impaired contractility. PV loops also showed that the time constant of isovolumetric relaxation was increased in PM-exposed compared to FA-exposed WT mice. APP mice experienced higher lung resistance and central airway resistance with an increasing dose of methacholine. Taken together, these findings indicate airborne particulate matter exposure causes cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction in a transgenic mouse model of AD.

Premature Mortality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Associated with Particulate Matter Air Pollution from the 1991 Gulf War

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald H. White ◽  
Carl H. Stineman ◽  
J. Morel Symons ◽  
Patrick N. Breysse ◽  
Sung Roul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia

Air Pollution and Vegetation Damage Functions

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
B-C Liu ◽  
E S H Yu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Corn Grain

The primary objective of this paper is to review critically the current state of research in the field of air pollution and its effect on vegetation and to derive, through existing data and documentation, a set of integrated economic damage functions of air pollution on various kinds of vegetation, for the purpose of prediction. Economic damage functions of vegetation were estimated via a stepwise least-squares regression method by relating economic losses of a variety of crops to air pollution and climatological variables. The crops and agricultural products selected included corn grain, soybean, cotton, root vegetables, other vegetables, nursery products, flowers, trees, field crops, and fruit and nuts. By utilizing the ‘average’ economic damage functions derived in this study, the changes in crop losses brought about by changes in the pollution or climatological variables can be predicted.

scholarly journals Revealing the air pollution burden associated with internal Migration in Peru

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar ◽  
Lara Schwarz ◽  
J. Jaime Miranda ◽  
Tarik Benmarhnia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Migration Patterns

AbstractThis study aims to quantify changes in outdoor (ambient) air pollution exposure from different migration patterns within Peru and quantify its effect on premature mortality. Data on ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Census data was used to calculate rates of within-country migration at the district level. We calculated differences in PM2.5 exposure between “current” (2016–2017) and “origin” (2012) districts for each migration patterns. Using an exposure-response relationship for PM2.5 extracted from a meta-analysis, and mortality rates from the Peruvian Ministry of Health, we quantified premature mortality attributable to each migration pattern. Changes in outdoor PM2.5 exposure were observed between 2012 and 2016 with highest levels of PM2.5 in the Department of Lima. A strong spatial autocorrelation of outdoor PM2.5 values (Moran’s I = 0.847, p-value=0.001) was observed. In Greater Lima, rural-to-urban and urban-to-urban migrants experienced 10-fold increases in outdoor PM2.5 exposure in comparison with non-migrants. Changes in outdoor PM2.5 exposure due to migration drove 185 (95% CI: 2.7, 360) premature deaths related to air pollution, with rural-urban producing the highest risk of mortality from exposure to higher levels of ambient air pollution. Our results demonstrate that the rural-urban and urban-urban migrant groups have higher rates of air pollution-related deaths.

scholarly journals Association between exposure to ambient air pollution and hospital admission, incidence, and mortality of stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of more than 23 million participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiping Niu ◽  
Feifei Liu ◽  
Hongmei Yu ◽  
Shaotang Wu ◽  
Hao Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Concentration ◽  
Aerodynamic Diameter ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background Previous studies have suggested that exposure to air pollution may increase stroke risk, but the results remain inconsistent. Evidence of more recent studies is highly warranted, especially gas air pollutants. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify studies till February 2020 and conducted a meta-analysis on the association between air pollution (PM2.5, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm; PM10, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; SO2, sulfur dioxide; CO, carbon monoxide; O3, ozone) and stroke (hospital admission, incidence, and mortality). Fixed- or random-effects model was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR)/hazard ratio (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for a 10 μg/m3 increase in air pollutant concentration. Results A total of 68 studies conducted from more than 23 million participants were included in our meta-analysis. Meta-analyses showed significant associations of all six air pollutants and stroke hospital admission (e.g., PM2.5: OR = 1.008 (95% CI 1.005, 1.011); NO2: OR = 1.023 (95% CI 1.015, 1.030), per 10 μg/m3 increases in air pollutant concentration). Exposure to PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 was associated with increased risks of stroke incidence (PM2.5: HR = 1.048 (95% CI 1.020, 1.076); SO2: HR = 1.002 (95% CI 1.000, 1.003); NO2: HR = 1.002 (95% CI 1.000, 1.003), respectively). However, no significant differences were found in associations of PM10, CO, O3, and stroke incidence. Except for CO and O3, we found that higher level of air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2) exposure was associated with higher stroke mortality (e.g., PM10: OR = 1.006 (95% CI 1.003, 1.010), SO2: OR = 1.006 (95% CI 1.005, 1.008). Conclusions Exposure to air pollution was positively associated with an increased risk of stroke hospital admission (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3), incidence (PM2.5, SO2, and NO2), and mortality (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2). Our study would provide a more comprehensive evidence of air pollution and stroke, especially SO2 and NO2.

Modifiability of Trait Anxiety and Neuroticism: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Jorm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Therapy Outcome ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
Rational Emotive Education

It is argued that personality scales of neuroticism and anxiety are tapping the same personality trait and that this is a risk factor for neurotic disorders. To see whether this trait is modifiable, a meta-analysis was carried out of therapy outcome studies which included a measure of trait anxiety or neuroticism as a dependent measure. This meta-analysis showed that all psychological therapies are to some extent effective. However, rational-emotive and related therapies produced particularly large reductions in trait anxiety/neuroticism (around 1.25 standard deviations). The possibility that rational-emotive education programmes could be used to lower trait anxiety/neuroticism as a preventive measure is discussed.

Association between particulate matter air pollution and risk of depression and suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 9029-9049
Author(s):  
Qisijing Liu ◽  
Wanzhou Wang ◽  
Xuelin Gu ◽  
Furong Deng ◽  
Xueqin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis

Patterns and volumes of formation of economic loss and social burden due to the mortality of patients with schizophrenia

10.12737/7373 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Масякин ◽  
A. Masyakin
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Social Burden

To evaluate the overall economic losses from premature mortality of patients with schizophrenia in psychiatric hospitals of Moscow; evaluate the economic and social burden (at a sufficiently representative sample) mortality of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and able to work at the time of death engaged in labor activities. The contribution of men and women in economic damage in spite of the fact that the ratio of the dead men and women in the study sample was 1: 1.7, the contribution to the overall economic impact of male mortality was significantly greater (ratio 2.5: 1). Economic damage for 5 years from the premature death of patients, potentially employed in the economy amounted to RUB 449,451,416.0. In recalculation per 1000 people per year – 936.4 million. Rubles. Was used by one of the two components of the index DALY: Years of Life Lost (YLL) – years lost (lost) life – the difference between life expectancy and the age at which the individual died. The obtained results were statistically significant and correlated with literature data (YLL rate averaged 15.7 years, the number of nedozhityh to life expectancy for males had an average of 4.4 years longer than in women (18.8 and 14.4, respectively)).

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